高考英语一轮复习 专题3 代词(it的用法)课件 人教.ppt
专题三代词专题三代词(it(it的用法的用法)英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。关系代词和不定代词八种。附表:附表:2021/8/11 星期三1代词类别代词类别 例词例词 例句例句 人称人称代词代词 主格主格 I,we,you,he,she,it,they She teaches us English.宾格宾格 me,us,you,him,her,it,them Who is it?Its me.物主代物主代词词形容形容词性词性 my,your,his,her,its,our,their This is our classroom.His father is an engineer.名词性名词性 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.This is her coat.Mine is over there.Something has gone wrong with my bike.May I use yours?This book isnt mine;its Toms.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.2021/8/11 星期三2反身代词反身代词 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves Tom taught himself Chinese.She loves me for myself,not for my money.She is not quite herself today.I myself can repair the bike.The table itself has only three legs.指示代词指示代词 this,that,these,those There is this seat here,near me,or there is that one in the fourth row.Which will you have,this or that?The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown.TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.Hello,this is Jack.Who is that speaking?2021/8/11 星期三3相互代词相互代词 each other,one another We began to know each other gradually.疑问代词疑问代词 who,whom,what,which,whose To whom did you speak on the campus?Which city do you like,Beijing or Shanghai?关系代词关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as This is the pencil whose point is broken.Ive never seen such a book as you spoke of.不定代词不定代词 some,any,one,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,no one,nothing,something,anything,everything,everybody I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with everything.Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly anything left in the house.2021/8/11 星期三4 【考点一考点一】考查考查another,other,others,the other与与the others的辨析的辨析another,other,others,the other与与the others用法如下表:用法如下表:不定代词不定代词 用法说明用法说明 用法举例用法举例 another another常用来指三者常用来指三者或三者以上中的或三者以上中的“另另外一个外一个”。I dont like this coat.Show me another,please.other 只作定语,常与复数只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one及及my,your,his 等时,则等时,则可与单数名词连用。可与单数名词连用。There are other ways to do this exercise.Do you have any other question(s)?2021/8/11 星期三5不定代词不定代词用法说明用法说明用法举例用法举例 others 是是other的复数形式,泛指的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语不能作定语。Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.the other 常与常与one连用,构成:连用,构成:one.the other.。表示。表示“全全部其余的一个或几个部其余的一个或几个”。He has two daughters.One is a nurse,the other is a worker.the others 特指其余的人或物。特指其余的人或物。Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.2021/8/11 星期三6【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填空If you want to change for a double room,youll have to pay _$15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 解析:选解析:选A。句意为:如果你想换一间双人房间,你得再付。句意为:如果你想换一间双人房间,你得再付15美元。美元。“another+数词数词+复数可数名词复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量。表示在原有基础上多出的数量。other,more也有也有“再、又再、又”之意,但位置与之意,但位置与another不同,应使用不同,应使用“数词数词+more/other+复数复数可数名词可数名词”结构。结构。【考点二考点二】考查考查some,any,(a)little,(a)few的用法的用法(1)some多用于肯定句,多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列特殊情况:多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列特殊情况:some后接单数可数名词,意为后接单数可数名词,意为“某一某一”时,相当于时,相当于“a certain+单数可数名单数可数名词词”。在表示请求或邀请的句子中,当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时,通常用在表示请求或邀请的句子中,当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时,通常用some,不用不用any。在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“任何,无论哪一个任何,无论哪一个”,后接可数名词单数形式时,通常用,后接可数名词单数形式时,通常用any,不用,不用some。2021/8/11 星期三7Any book will do-I just want something to read on the train.用于肯定的条件句中,意为用于肯定的条件句中,意为“什么,一个什么,一个(些些)”。He asked me if I had any books in my desk.if any是固定词组,意为是固定词组,意为“若有的话若有的话”。(2)few和和little可用作代词和形容词。可用作代词和形容词。few和和a few可以修饰或代替可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。可数名词复数。few有否定含义有否定含义,a few有肯定含义有肯定含义,little和和a little可可以修饰或代替不可数名词。以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义有否定含义,a little含肯定含义。含肯定含义。Can we do our work better with less money and few people?【考点三考点三】考查复合不定代词考查复合不定代词some,any,every,no常与常与one,body,thing构成复合不定代词。构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有:这类不定代词有:something(某事,重要的人或事物某事,重要的人或事物),anything(什什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物),nothing(没有东西,什么也没没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事有,不重要的人或事),everything(一切事,最重要的事一切事,最重要的事),someone=somebody(某某/有人,重要的人有人,重要的人),everyone=everybody(每每个人,所有人个人,所有人),anyone=anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人任何人,无论谁,重要的人)等。等。2021/8/11 星期三8something,anything,nothing和和everything指物,它们在句中作指物,它们在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。somebody,anybody,nobody和和everybody用以指人。用以指人。它们还与别的词构成很多习语,如:它们还与别的词构成很多习语,如:for nothing(徒劳,免费徒劳,免费),nothing but(仅仅,只不过仅仅,只不过),anything but(根本不,一点也不,绝根本不,一点也不,绝非非),all but(几乎,差不多几乎,差不多),everything but(除了除了之外所有的之外所有的)。nothing和和nobody/no one表示全部否定。表示全部否定。不定代词后跟不定代词后跟else时,表示时,表示“另外的,其他的另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰;形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后。时,应置于不定代词之后。【考点四考点四】考查考查both,either,neither,all,any,none的辨的辨析析both,either,neither,all,any,none用法见下表:用法见下表:2021/8/11 星期三9代词代词 意义意义 用法说明用法说明 用法举例用法举例 both 两者两者 都都 表示肯定含义,表示肯定含义,可作主语、宾语、可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。定语和同位语。Both of us are fond of music.Ill take both of the books with me.Juan and Adams both agreed to cooperate.either 两者两者中中 的任的任何何 一个一个 表示肯定意义,强调个体,表示肯定意义,强调个体,可作主语、宾语和定语。可作主语、宾语和定语。If you keep still,you can sit on either end of the boat.neither 两者两者 都不都不 表示两者否定,可作主语、表示两者否定,可作主语、宾语和定语。宾语和定语。Neither of these words is correct.2021/8/11 星期三10all 全部全部(三三者或三者或三者以上者以上)表示全部肯定,表示全部肯定,可作主语、宾语、可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。表语、定语和同位语。We are all here.We all go to bed at 10 oclock.All(the)girls are out.any三者或三者或三者以三者以上的任上的任何一个何一个 用法见用法见【考点二考点二】When shall we meet again?Any time you like.none 三者或三者或三者以三者以上的人上的人或物的或物的全部全部否定否定 表示全部否定,在与表示全部否定,在与of连用或回答连用或回答how many/much的提问时只的提问时只能用能用none。None of these three words are(is)correct.How many sheep did you see on the hill?None.2021/8/11 星期三11【考点五考点五】考查替代词考查替代词it(them),one(ones),that(those)的用法的用法替代词替代词 可数与否可数与否 泛指与特泛指与特指指 代替什么代替什么 定语位置定语位置 one(ones)可数可数泛指泛指代替名词代替名词前置定语、前置定语、后置定语后置定语that(those)可数可数/不可不可数数 特指特指代替名词代替名词后置定语后置定语 it(them)可数可数/不可不可数数特指特指人,物,人,物,事事无定语无定语 2021/8/11 星期三12Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present,one(=a present)that I have never seen.Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones(=many presents)that I have never seen.The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.【即学即练即学即练】单项填空单项填空The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.(2008宁夏宁夏)A.which B.what C.that D.the one解析:选解析:选C。句意为:在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点。句意为:在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点不同。为了避免重复,要用替代词代替前面出现的同一事情,但不同。为了避免重复,要用替代词代替前面出现的同一事情,但此处此处English为抽象名词,也是不可数名词,要用为抽象名词,也是不可数名词,要用that,而不用而不用the one。the one代替可数名词时,可与代替可数名词时,可与that互换。互换。2021/8/11 星期三13 【考点六考点六】考查考查it的用法的用法 用法说明用法说明用法举例用法举例指时间、距离、天气、环境指时间、距离、天气、环境等。等。Its too late to go there now.Its getting colder and colder now.Its about ten minutes-walk from my home to the school.It was very quiet at the moment.2021/8/11 星期三14用来代替指示代词用来代替指示代词this或或that以及复合不定代词以及复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。等。Whose jacket is that?It is hers.Nothing is wrong,is it?指代前面提到的不明指代前面提到的不明身份的人、物或事。身份的人、物或事。I dropped my watch and it broke.There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.Our team won the football match.Have you heard about it?指性别不明的婴儿或用于确指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。认某人的身份。The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.常与表示常与表示“爱、恨爱、恨”等心理活动的等心理活动的动词连用,动词连用,it后常接时间或条件状后常接时间或条件状语从句。语从句。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.I like it in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.2021/8/11 星期三15谈话双方心里都明谈话双方心里都明白的人或情况。白的人或情况。I didnt recognize it was you.How is it(=your life,work)going?Very well.it用作形式主语、用作形式主语、形式宾语形式宾语 It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting.I find it strange that she doesnt want to go.Its no use saying any more about it.It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free.It is suggested that the sports meeting(should)be put off until next week.It is a pity(that)you missed the sports meeting last week 2021/8/11 星期三16用法说明用法说明用法举例用法举例It句句型型 Its time for sth.Its time to do sth.Its time for sb.to do sth.Its(about/high)time+that-从从句句(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形动词原形”)Its time for supper.Its time to get up.Its time to do our work.Its time that we should go/went to bed.It is/was first(second)time+that-从从句句It is/has been+时间段时间段+since-从句从句It was/will be+时间段时间段+before-从句从句 It is the first time that Mr.Smith has visited China.It was the first time that Mr.Smith had visited China.It is/has been three years since he finished the work.2021/8/11 星期三17It was three years before he finished the work.It will be three years before he finishes the work.Itbe被强调部分被强调部分thatwho其其他他 It was Karl thatwho bought Mary a bicycle on her birthday.It was Mary that Karl bought a bicycle for on her birthday.It was a bicycle that Karl bought Mary on her birthday.It was on her birthday that Karl bought Mary a bicycle.2021/8/11 星期三18 【难点难点】辨析辨析none,nobody,no one,nothing用用nobody,no one,nothing,none完成下列句子完成下列句子Whats in the box?_.Who is in the classroom?_.How many people are there in the park?_.【解析解析】nobody,no one,nothing和和none常用作简略答语,一般情况下,常用作简略答语,一般情况下,nothing回答回答what问句;问句;nobody和和no one回答回答who问句;问句;none回答回答how many或或how much问句。所以题问句。所以题填填Nothing;题;题填填Nobody或或 No one;题;题填填None。注意:注意:none 后面可加后面可加of引导的介词短语,而引导的介词短语,而something/anything/everything/nothing;someone/anyone/everyone/no one 却不却不能。能。2021/8/11 星期三191.When you introduce me to Mr.Johnson,could you please say _ for me?(2010福建福建)A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing解析:选解析:选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:当你向约翰逊先生引荐我的时候,。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:当你向约翰逊先生引荐我的时候,请为我说些好话,好吗?请为我说些好话,好吗?something表示表示“某事,某物某事,某物”。everything表示表示“任何任何事物,一切事物,一切”;anything表示表示“任何事物任何事物”;nothing表示表示“没有什么没有什么”,都不合,都不合句意。句意。2.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on_.(2010上海上海)A.themselves B.them C.us D.ourselves解析:选解析:选D。考查反身代词的用法。考查反身代词的用法。depend on oneself意为意为“自力更生自力更生”。主语。主语为为we,因此应为,因此应为ourselves。3.You are a team star!Working with _ is really your cup of tea.(2010安徽安徽)A.both B.either C.others D.the other2021/8/11 星期三20解析:选解析:选C。考查代词的用法。句意为:你是一个有团队精神的人!与别人合作。考查代词的用法。句意为:你是一个有团队精神的人!与别人合作对你来说太容易了。对你来说太容易了。others其他人;其他人;the other两个中的另一个;两个中的另一个;both两个都;两个都;either(两者之中)任一的。(两者之中)任一的。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。三项均不符合句意。4.Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.(2010山东山东)A.it B.that C.what D.one解析:选解析:选D。考查代词的用法。句意为:帮助别人是一种习惯,一个你在很小时。考查代词的用法。句意为:帮助别人是一种习惯,一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。句中就能学会的习惯。句中“you can learn even at an early age”是省略了关系代词是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句,的定语从句,that在定语从句中作在定语从句中作learn的宾语。空格处与前句中的的宾语。空格处与前句中的habit构成构成同位关系,同位关系,one用来代替前面出现的泛指的单数名词用来代替前面出现的泛指的单数名词a habit,避免重复。,避免重复。5._ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.(2010天津天津)A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something解析:选解析:选B。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为:没有什么能像第一次参观故宫。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为:没有什么能像第一次参观故宫博物院一样给我留下如此深刻的印象。从题中博物院一样给我留下如此深刻的印象。从题中so.as.搭配来看,空白处需要否定搭配来看,空白处需要否定词,而词,而A、C、D三项均表示肯定意义。三项均表示肯定意义。2021/8/11 星期三216.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.(2010陕西陕西)A.that B.this C.it D.one 解析:选解析:选A。考查代词的用法。句意为:西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地。考查代词的用法。句意为:西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地段的房租都贵。所填词用于比较状语从句中,指代句子的主语段的房租都贵。所填词用于比较状语从句中,指代句子的主语the cost,即指代,即指代不可数名词,用不可数名词,用that。7.On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.(2010四川四川)A.him B.his C.me D.mine解析:选解析:选C。考查代词的用法。句意为:我桌上有一张我父亲在我小时给我拍。考查代词的用法。句意为:我桌上有一张我父亲在我小时给我拍的照片。的照片。take a photo of sb.意为意为“给某人照相给某人照相”,此处应用人称代词的宾格。,此处应用人称代词的宾格。8.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全国全国)A.others B.the other C.another D.one other 解析:选解析:选B。考查不定代词的用法。考查不定代词的用法。neither含有含有“两者都不两者都不”之意,一方对应之意,一方对应另一方,应用另一方,应用the other指指“两者中的另一个两者中的另一个”。2021/8/11 星期三229.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重庆重庆)A.neither B.either C.each D.all解析:选解析:选B。考查代词的用法。句意为:在战争年代他脾性大变,。考查代词的用法。句意为:在战争年代他脾性大变,身体也垮了,并且再也没有恢复过来。由身体也垮了,并且再也没有恢复过来。由“his temper and health”可以排除可以排除C项和项和D项,由后面的项,由后面的never表示否定,可知,选表示否定,可知,选either。never either是全部否定,相当于是全部否定,相当于neither。10.Swimming is my favorite sport.There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.(2010江西江西)A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything解析:选解析:选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:游泳是我最喜欢的。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:游泳是我最喜欢的运动。作为保持健康的一种方式,没有什么比游泳更好的了。运动。作为保持健康的一种方式,没有什么比游泳更好的了。“there is nothing like.”意思是意思是“没有比没有比更好的更好的”。11._ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.(2010浙江浙江)A.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything2021/8/11 星期三23解析:选解析:选B。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:重要的是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。分析四个选项的意思,的方向前行。分析四个选项的意思,all后加后加that引导的定语从句,符合语境。引导的定语从句,符合语境。12.The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.(2010全全国国)A.this B.that C.one D.it 解析:选解析:选D。考查代词。考查代词it的用法。句意为:医生认为度假对你有好处。代词的用法。句意为:医生认为度假对你有好处。代词it用作用作形式主语,代替后面真正的主语形式主语,代替后面真正的主语“to have a holiday”。this,that,one都不可用作都不可用作形式主语。形式主语。13.The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country.(2010辽宁辽宁)A so B.much C.that D.it解析:选解析:选D。考查代词。考查代词it的用法。句意为:她是外国人这一事实使她在那个国家的用法。句意为:她是外国人这一事实使她在那个国家中很难找到一份工作。句中中很难找到一份工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复是动词不定式的复合结构作合结构作made的宾语,的宾语,difficult是宾语补足语,此处要用是宾语补足语,此处要用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。so,much和和that均不能作形式宾语。均不能作形式宾语。14.His advertisement income this year is about$36 million,over threes times _ of last year.(2010山东省济南市高三第一次模山东省济南市高三第一次模2021/8/11 星期三24拟考试拟考试)A.that B.what C.those D.ones解析:选解析:选A。考查代词的用法。考查代词的用法。that替代前面的不可数名词替代前面的不可数名词advertisement income,其他选项均无此用法。,其他选项均无此用法。15.This young man is very clever;he may be _ Edison.(2010潍坊市潍坊市3月月高考模拟考试高考模拟考试)A.the one B.the other C.another D.one解析:选解析:选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:这年轻人非常聪明;他可能成为。考查不定代词的用法。句意为:这年轻人非常聪明;他可能成为又一个爱迪生。又一个爱迪生。another表示表示“又一,再一又一,再一”。the one这个,表特指;这个,表特指;the other表示表示“(两者中两者中)另外一个另外一个”;one一个,表泛指。一个,表泛指。16.How do you usually keep in touch with your friends,by email or letter?_.I use telephone only.(2010福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查)A.None B.Neither C.Any D.Either解析:选解析:选B。考查不定代词的用法。分析句子可知,问句是选择疑问句,并且是。考查不定代词的用法。分析句子可知,问句是选择疑问句,并且是在两者中进行选择。根据应答的后一分句可知,两在两者中进行选择。根据应答的后一分句可知,两2021/8/11 星期三25者都不选。者都不选。17.When I moved to a new community,I found it different from _ I had stayed in before.(2010合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)A.one B.that C.it D.the one解析:选解析:选D。考查代词的用法。句意为:当搬到新社区时,我发现它与我原来。考查代词的用法。句意为:当搬到新社区时,我发现它与我原来待的那个社区不一样。空白处后有一个去掉关系代词待的那个社区不一样。空白处后有一个去掉关系代词that的定语从句,故选的定语从句,故选择择the one。18.Barack Obamas victory is a historic victory and _ that promised change and overcame centuries of prejudice.(2010临沂质检临沂质检)A.one B.it C.the one D.that解析:选解析:选A。考查代词用法。代词。考查代词用法。代词“one”替代同类可数名词,作替代同类可数名词,作“a historical victory”的同位语。的同位语。one后跟了由后跟了由that引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。2021/8/11 星期三2619.The old man was the only person that died in the car crash._ else was rescued.(2010安徽合肥质检安徽合肥质检)A.Everyone B.Anyone C.Someone D.None解析:选解析:选A。考查代词的辨析。句意为:只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中,。考查代词的辨析。句意为:只有一位老人死于那次汽车碰撞事故中,其他人都被救了。其他人都被救了。everyone else其他人,其他所有的人;其他人,其他所有的人;everyone每个人,人人;每个人,人人;anyone任何人;任何人;someone有人,某人;有人,某人;none一个也没有。一个也没有。20.Could you please buy me an MP4 as well as a digital camera,Mum?You can choose_,not both,my dear.(2010福建毕业班质检福建毕业班质检)A.each B.any C.either D.none解析:选解析:选C。考查代词辨析。句意为:。考查代词辨析。句意为:妈妈,你可以给我买一个妈妈,你可以给我买一个MP4和一部和一部数码照相机吗?数码照相机吗?宝贝儿,你只能选择一件,但不能两个全买。题干给出了两宝贝儿,你只能选择一件,但不能两个全买。题干给出了两件东西件东西(an MP4 as well as a digital