高中英语 Module 3 Unit3 Grammar and usage课件 译林牛津必修3.ppt

Unit 3Grammar and usage2021/8/11 星期三1Object Complement 2021/8/11 星期三2Who are they?2021/8/11 星期三3They are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroes.object object complement 2021/8/11 星期三4Pay attention to the following:v1.The object complement gives more information abut the object.They called the young man Great Hero.v2.An object complement always occurs in this pattern:verb+object+object complement.The object complement can often be a noun phrase or an adjective.They made Yu Tong monitor of their class.You must keep the room clean all the time.v3.Sometimes a to-infinitive or bare infinitive can be an object complement.Id like all of you to work still harder.2021/8/11 星期三5v4.An object complement can be a prepositional phrase.If you keep the new dress in hot water,the colors will run.v5.An object complement can also be a present participle phrase or a past participle phrase.The most exciting thing for the old man was to watch the children playing in the garden.They told me to have my car repaired as soon as possible.v6.An object complement usually agrees with the object in number.After that people called the boy a little hero.2021/8/11 星期三6Summary v1.The following verbs are often followed by an object and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:v name,call,choose,elect,make,ve.g.We elected John chairman of our club after the former one retired.v When we were working on the farm,we all call Iron Ox.v2.The following verbs are often followed by an object and an adjective as an object complement:v make,get,keep,find,consider,2021/8/11 星期三7ve.g.Though he did not mean to hurt her,yet his joke did make her angry.v After many years of hard work,he found it impossible to carry on with his experiments.v3.The following verbs are often followed by a to-infinitive as an object complement:v ask,tell,beg,invite,order,advise,warn,want,get,wish,expect,persuade,allow,permit,forbid,help,ve.g.She asked me to answer the question at once.v The teacher did not allow us to talk to each other in class.2021/8/11 星期三8v4.The following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive as an object complementv have,make,let,help,see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe,look at,listen tove.g.In that factory,the boss always has his workers work more than fifteen hours a day.v The Most exciting thing for the old man was to watch his grandchildren play in the garden.v5.The following verbs are often followed by a present participle as an object complement:v have,keep,get,feel,see,hear,watch,find,notice,observe,2021/8/11 星期三9ve.g.As we got to the top of the mountain,we saw the sun rising in the east.v Some villagers reported that they saw the missing boy playing near the river toward evening.v6.The following verbs are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:v have,make,get,see feel,hear,watch,find,ve.g.When you speak English you should try your best to make yourself understood.v I was surprised to find my room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.2021/8/11 星期三10Please go through Lost civilizations again and find as many sentences with an object complement as you can.2021/8/11 星期三11ExamplesvSven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand,together with a lot of treasures,such as coins,painted pots,silk materials,documents and wall paintings.v(remains of buildings is the object,and buried under the sand is the object complement,which gives information about the situation of the object.)vWe found the ruins most interesting.v(the ruins is the object,and interesting is the object complement,which gives information about the object.)2021/8/11 星期三12vRead the next excerpt from Anns diary entry on page 48 and use proper object complements to complete it.Try to understand what these phrases in the box mean.vPlease do C1 on page 108 in your Workbook to practise what you have learnt in this part.2021/8/11 星期三13Eitheror,neithernor2021/8/11 星期三14vYou must pay attention that either.or.,neithernor can connect the coordinate subject,verb,object and adverbial in sentences.v1.Connecting the coordinate subjects vEither your mother or your father,or both your parents can come with you.vEither Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.vNeither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is the best for you?vBut neither his daughter nor his son would listen to his suggestions.2021/8/11 星期三15v2.Connecting the coordinate objects:vAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.vYou may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.vThey have neither steam heat nor running water.vI wont take a trip for I have neither the time nor money.v3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives:2021/8/11 星期三16v“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.vThe books there are either books on travel or detective novels.vThat is neither my fault nor his.vHe was neither clever nor stupid,but good enough at his work.vOne third of the men could neither read nor write.v4.Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:vWe are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三17vYou may take either the blue or the green one.vThe two men walked very fast,looking neither to the right nor to the left.vPaul came at the right time,neither too early nor too late.v5.Connecting the coordinate clauses:vEither you must improve your work,or I will dismiss you.vEither you cut it out,or we shall have to wash our hands of the whole business.2021/8/11 星期三18例例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 析析:由由“or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not only but also”连接两个并连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。e.g._ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is 2021/8/11 星期三19Subject-verb agreement2021/8/11 星期三20例例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered析析:一般说来，主语后带有一般说来，主语后带有with,together with,as well as,along with,in addition to,like,including,but,rather than,no less than等词语时，其谓语动词随主语。等词语时，其谓语动词随主语。e.g.The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.2021/8/11 星期三21例例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided析析:当当when和和where加不定式指的是同一加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。不定式，动件事时，谓语动词用单数。不定式，动名词短语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单名词短语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。数。e.g Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2021/8/11 星期三22例例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _ duty.A.know,their B.knows,their C.knows,its D.know,its析：析：every/each/no+单数名词单数名词+and every/each/no+单数名词短语做主语，谓语动单数名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。e.g.No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday.2021/8/11 星期三23例例5 We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.(2007 湖南湖南)A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 例例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.(2007 江西江西)A.show;are B.shows;is C.show;is D.shows;are2021/8/11 星期三24I.由由and连接的名词作主语时连接的名词作主语时:1.由由and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数：语时，动词要用复数：e.g.Both you and I are going to attend the meeting.When he will go to BJ and how he will go to BJ have not been decided yet.2021/8/11 星期三252.如果后面加作为插入语，谓语也用如果后面加作为插入语，谓语也用单数形式单数形式。e.g.Black,and not Mary,was chosen monitor.She,and not you,is going to speak at the meeting.All work,and no play,has made you a fool.2021/8/11 星期三263.以以many a或或more than one修饰的单数名修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式，但其意义是复词后面的谓语用单数形式，但其意义是复数性的。数性的。e.g.Many a boy is fond of playing football.More than one student enjoys folk-music.注：注：在以在以each，every，no修饰的并列主语修饰的并列主语中的两个名词前不能加冠词。如果并列的中的两个名词前不能加冠词。如果并列的两个名词前分别加定冠词变成复数概念，两个名词前分别加定冠词变成复数概念，此时，放在后面作同位语，动词仍用复数此时，放在后面作同位语，动词仍用复数形式。形式。e.g.The boy and the girl were each given an apple.2021/8/11 星期三274.当当and连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这时时and后的名词前没有冠词，其动词用单数：后的名词前没有冠词，其动词用单数：e.g.The singer and composer is coming to our school.Bread and butter is often served for breakfast.Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favourite dishes.常见的由常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread,salt and water,the folk and knife,soap and water,iron and steel，a watch and chain,the bread and butter,truth and honesty,a cup and saucer（茶托）等（茶托）等。2021/8/11 星期三28II.当主语后面接说明主语的当主语后面接说明主语的修饰词或插入语时：修饰词或插入语时：谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍与谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍与主语一致。主语一致。常见的有：常见的有：with,along with,together with,as well as,like,no less than,rather than,more than,as much as,but,except,besides,including等。等。e.g.Bamboo,like a tree,grows tall and straight.The house,including the garden and the garage,was sold out.2021/8/11 星期三29III.当集合名词做主语时：当集合名词做主语时：根据句子内容，谓语动词既可是单数，也根据句子内容，谓语动词既可是单数，也可是复数。可是复数。常用人的集合名词有：常用人的集合名词有：group,class,team,family,nation,army,audience,crowd,public,governmente.g.My family is a happy family.My family all love music./The audience was in good order.(指整体状态指整体状态).The audience were greatly encouraged.(指具体的人指具体的人)注：有些集合名词如注：有些集合名词如people、cattle等在任等在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配。何情况下都与复数形式搭配。2021/8/11 星期三30IV.就近原则：就近原则：以连词以连词or，eitheror，nor，neithernor，not onlybut(also).连接连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其相邻的的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其相邻的保持一致。保持一致。e.g.Among the boys,one or two are able to jump 1.6 metres.There is a bed,a table and two chairs in her room.2021/8/11 星期三31V.以某些以某些“不定代词或表示数量的词不定代词或表示数量的词+of+名词名词”结构，谓语形式要与结构，谓语形式要与of后后边的名词保持一致。边的名词保持一致。70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 percent of the farmers have improved their living conditions.The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All of your answers are correct.2021/8/11 星期三32注意注意1.one of+复数名词复数名词+（单）谓语，如：（单）谓语，如：One of the students is from the south.2.one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：复数），如：He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.3.the(only)one of+名词（复数）名词（复数）+定语从句定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：有一个，如：He is the only one of the students who comes early.4.a number of和和the number ofe.g.The number of the students in the school is 1,250./A number of students are waiting outside the gate.2021/8/11 星期三33VI.“the+adj.(分词或数词分词或数词)”结构起结构起名词作用时：名词作用时：如果这个结构表示的是一类人，谓语动如果这个结构表示的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果这个结构表示抽象词用复数形式，如果这个结构表示抽象概念（或具体的某个人），谓语用单数概念（或具体的某个人），谓语用单数形式。形式。e.g.The old are being taken good care of.There is an old man and a young man in the room now.The old is the father of the young.The unexpected was not prevented in those days.2021/8/11 星期三34VII.表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间及由及由one and a half修饰的复数名词作主修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：语时，谓语动词用单数形式：e.g.Twenty dollars isnt enough to buy the book.Ten miles isnt long.Five times five is twenty-five.One and a half apples is lying on the plate.2021/8/11 星期三35Please make the best choice!2021/8/11 星期三36 1.Do you know _.A.what is the police looking for B.what are the police looking for C.what the police are looking for D.what the police is looking for 2._ he _ I finished the experiment?A.Have neither/nor B.Has neither/nor C.Have neither/or D.Have either/or 2021/8/11 星期三373.The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was 4.The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A.is B.are C.has been D.were2021/8/11 星期三38 5.Both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 6.During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A.are B.were C.was D.has 7.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been 8.Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been2021/8/11 星期三399.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A.are B.is C.has D.have10.About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A.are B.is C.were D.was11.The United States _ founded in 1776.A.was B.is C.were D.are2021/8/11 星期三4012.This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A.is B.are C.have been D.had been13.No one except my parents _ anything about it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.have known14.A number of students _ from the south.A.are B.is C.have D.has15.The number of students from the south _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.has2021/8/11 星期三4116.John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.A.go B.goes C.have gone D.are going17.It is not I who _ wrong.A.is B.are C.am D.has been18.He said that his family _ all very well.A.are B.were C.is D.was 19.One and a half apples _ on the table.A.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left20.Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A.is B.have C.was D.were2021/8/11 星期三4221.I _ the ninth letter of the English alphabet.A.are B.be C.is D.am22.Six times seven _ forty-two.A.are B.is C.have D.was23.The United States _ made up of 50 states,one of which _ Kentucky.A.is/are B.is/is C.are/is D.are/are24.The population of the city _ increasing fast.A.were B.be C.is D.are2021/8/11 星期三4325.One third of the population here _ workers.A.is B.have C.be D.are26.Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A.was B.were C.is D.are27.Two of them will go first,the rest _ to stay.A.is B.are C.used D.have28.He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A.was B.were C.is D.are 2021/8/11 星期三4429.The scientist and professor _ left for Russia.A.have B.has C.is D.are30.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A.have B.are C.has D.is 31.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has bee2021/8/11 星期三45Read Part A on page 51.It is another of Anns diary entries.Try your best to understand the article and choose the correct verb forms.Then go through Part B on page 51.It is a letter in a local newspaper.Read the letter and finish the exercise individually,using the correct forms of the given verbs.2021/8/11 星期三46Thank you!2021/8/11 星期三472021/8/11 星期三48