人教版高三英语高考二轮专项复习：定语从句.ppt

定语从句复习定语从句复习2021/8/9 星期一1 定语从句定语从句 定语从句（定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词组或代词即词即先行词先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。等。关系副词有：关系副词有：when,where,why等。等。2021/8/9 星期一2关系词的种类关系词的种类关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起着起着代词和连词代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语起着起着副词或介词短语和连词副词或介词短语和连词的作用，的作用，在从句中充当在从句中充当状语状语The man(who is standing there)is my brother.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句2021/8/9 星期一3关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 两个简单句：两个简单句：A man is standing there.The man is my brother.=主从复合句：主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词2021/8/9 星期一4限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“，”与主与主句隔开句隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别2021/8/9 星期一5限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 译法上译法上 译成先行词的定译成先行词的定语：语：“的的”通常译成主句通常译成主句的并列句的并列句 关系词的关系词的使用上使用上 1.作宾语时可作宾语时可省略省略1.不可省略不可省略 2.可用可用that 2.不用不用that 3.可用可用who 代代替替whom 3.不可用不可用who 代替代替whom 2021/8/9 星期一61.A.This is the place where I lived ten2.years ago.B.She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao,which returned to China in 1999.2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.B.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。去掉从句，意义仍然完整。2021/8/9 星期一7限制性限制性 定语定语 从句从句先行词是先行词是物物先行词先行词是人是人定语定语 地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主 宾宾关系关系代词代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen原因原因状语状语why2021/8/9 星期一8非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句先行词是先行词是物物先行词先行词是人是人定语定语 地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语主主宾宾主主 宾宾关系关系代词代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhen原因原因状语状语why2021/8/9 星期一95.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 why 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用for whiche.g.I have told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用只能用whom，不能用，不能用who替换，也不能省略替换，也不能省略His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.A.whom B.who C.that D.whose2021/8/9 星期一10在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面 的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有 两个两个:which,asAlice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.heB._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the twoC.countries are making progress.D.A.It B.As C.That D.What区别：区别：a.which 只能放在句只能放在句中中，而而as 从句则还可以放在句首或句中。从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是必须是系动词系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。如：。如：as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as I can see,as is reported,as you may have heard 2021/8/9 星期一11as和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，(2)或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；(3)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。(4)另外，另外，as有有“正如正如，正像，正像”的意思的意思eg:As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是从句中的谓语必须是系动词系动词；若为行为动词，则从句；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用中的关系代词只能用which。2021/8/9 星期一121.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物 1)A plane is a machine that can fly.主语主语2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.宾语宾语3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.主语主语4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.宾语）宾语）2021/8/9 星期一132.Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(主语主语)2)The fish which we bought were not fresh.（宾语）（宾语）2021/8/9 星期一143.who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾在从句中分别作主语和宾语语 (口语中非限制性定语从句中口语中非限制性定语从句中whowho也可也可作宾语作宾语)1)The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）（主语）2)The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语）（主语）2021/8/9 星期一154)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.（宾语）（宾语）3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.（宾语）（宾语）2021/8/9 星期一163)This is the book whose cover is blue.4.whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物在从句中作定语，指人或物1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.2021/8/9 星期一17关系代词关系代词which，whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有语时，从句常有“介词介词+which（或（或whom）”引出。引出。Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.This is the old man from whom weve learnt a lot.2021/8/9 星期一18(1)如果先行词是如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系等不定代词，关系代词一般只用代词一般只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如：Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.关系代词关系代词that 和和which的区别的区别 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句2021/8/9 星期一19(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,must,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代等词修饰，关系代词常用词常用that,不用不用which,who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。那是通向你成功的唯一之路。Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。2021/8/9 星期一20在以疑问词在以疑问词who开头的句子中开头的句子中,或关系代词在或关系代词在从句中作表语时从句中作表语时,用用that,不用不用who。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.NOTE2021/8/9 星期一212.2.宜用宜用whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.2021/8/9 星期一22(3)当先行词受当先行词受such,thesame，as,so修饰时，常用修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：注意：当先行词由当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语引导定语从句，但是和由从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。所引导的定语从句意思不同。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。2021/8/9 星期一23准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、主、谓、宾、定、状状)，也能正确选择出关系代词，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。1.Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.that2.C.onwhichD.theone3.2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.that4.C.onwhichD.theone2021/8/9 星期一24判断改错判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.FFTT2021/8/9 星期一25区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句同位语从句2021/8/9 星期一262定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.2021/8/9 星期一273.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.2021/8/9 星期一28Step 4.关系副词关系副词先行词先行词状语状语地点地点where时间时间when原因原因why/forwhich2021/8/9 星期一29关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 两个简单句：两个简单句：I visited the city.I was born in the city.=主从复合句：主从复合句：I visited the city where I was born.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词=（in which）关系副词关系副词：在定语从句中作状语：在定语从句中作状语2021/8/9 星期一30This is the house.+I was born in the house.（介词短语介词短语）=I was born there（副词副词).=This is the house_ I was born.=_ which注意区别：注意区别：This is the house _ I was born in.(which/that)wherein2021/8/9 星期一31We will never forget the day.+we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.=We will never forget the day _ we will hold the Olympic Games._ which注意区别：注意区别：I will never forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which/that)I dont know the reason why he left here.=for whichwhenon2021/8/9 星期一32注意注意：1.Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。所以在从句中不能在重复了。what 不能用于定语从句中不能用于定语从句中2.Tell me anything what you know.Tell me what you know.thattell sb.sth,2021/8/9 星期一333.在在介词介词 whom/which 结构中，介词的选择结构中，介词的选择I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to that B.who C.from whom D.to whom根据先行词来判断根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbe proud of;turn to sb.for help2021/8/9 星期一344.（名词、代词、数词、最高级）（名词、代词、数词、最高级）of whom/which 结构中，结构中，表所属关系，表所属关系，”当中的当中的”China has hundreds of islands,the largest of that is Taiwan.whichThere 54 students in our class,most of them are boys.whom2021/8/9 星期一35I have a sister.+She works in Shanghai.=I have a sister _ works in Shanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海他想要见的人在上海。He wants to see the man.+The man is in Shanghai.=The man _ he wants to see is in Shanghai.Have you found the pen?+You lost it yesterday.=Have you found the pen _ you lost yesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which)2021/8/9 星期一36Do you know the girl?+Her mother works here.=Do you know the girl _ mother works here?I live in a room.+its window faces south.=I live in a room _ window faces south.whosewhose=I live in a room the window of which faces south.of which the window2021/8/9 星期一37Exercises1.Look at the lady _ name is Pochi.2.A.who B.whose C.whom D.that2.Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.3.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which3.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe.4.A.who B.whose C.whom D.whom2021/8/9 星期一382021/8/9 星期一39