人教版高三英语总复习 定语从句课件（4）新人教.ppt

定语从句 区别要点区别要点（一）一）2021/8/9 星期一1考考点点锁锁定定1.关系代词和关系副词的用法；关系代词和关系副词的用法；2.只能用只能用 that或或who 引导定语从句的情况；引导定语从句的情况；3.由由“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导的定语从句；4.as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句;5.通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。状语从句、名词性从句的区别。定语从句定语从句2021/8/9 星期一2 考考 点点 要要 览览在在复复合合句句中中，修修饰饰某某一一名名词词或或代代词词的的从从句句叫叫定定语语从从句句,它它相相当当于于一一个个形形容容词词,置置于于名名词词与与代代词词之之后。后。关系代词关系代词 which,that,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词关系副词 where,when,why。2021/8/9 星期一3一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法 1.which指指物物，that 指指其其前前的的人人或或物物，who指指人人，在在从从句句中中which，that和和who作作从从句句中中的的主主语语或或宾宾语语，who作作宾宾语语可可以以代代替替whom,作作宾语时可省略。如：宾语时可省略。如：The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late.(指指物物，在在从从句句中中作作主主语语，不能省略不能省略)The man(that)you saw just now is our teacher.(that指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略）指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略）which 可可引引导导一一种种非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，代代表主句所表达的意思表主句所表达的意思,例如：例如：He owes a large sum of money to the bank,which is not a secret.Mary failed again in the exam,which all of us didnt believe at all.2021/8/9 星期一4 下面几种情况只能用下面几种情况只能用that 引导定语从句，不引导定语从句，不能用能用which：(1)先先行行词词为为下下列列不不定定代代词词 all,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing 等时等时:(2)先先行行词词被被下下列列词词all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时等修饰时:(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:Everything that can be done has been done.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.This is the best films(that)I have ever seen.It was the first time that I had been in Beijing.2021/8/9 星期一5 (4)先先行行词词被被 the only,the very,the last 等等修饰时：修饰时：(5)先行词既有人又有物时：先行词既有人又有物时：(6)在在以以 who、which 开开头头的的特特殊殊疑疑问问句句中中,以避免重复：以避免重复：This is the very book(that)I am after.He spoke of the men and the things(that)he had seen abroad.Who is the girl that is standing over there?Which is the car that hit the boy?2021/8/9 星期一6 2.who,whom 指人，在从句中指人，在从句中who可作主可作主语和宾语，语和宾语，whom只作宾语，只作宾语，that可代用可代用who和和whom。whom 作宾语时可用作宾语时可用who 替代，也可替代，也可省略。省略。The boy who/that helped you is my brother.(who指指代代“the boy”,在在从从句句中中作作主主语，不能省略语，不能省略)The man(whom/who/that)you saw just now is our teacher.(引引导导词词在在从从句句中中作作 saw 的宾语，可以省略的宾语，可以省略)2021/8/9 星期一7 只能用只能用who不能用不能用that指指“人人”的情况的情况 (1)当当先先行行词词是是指指人人的的代代词词：one,ones,anyone,those 等或人称代词时等或人称代词时:(2)在在“there be”结构中结构中:(3)当先行词是人当先行词是人,后面有较长修饰语时后面有较长修饰语时:Those who have a strong will are sure to make a difference.He who laughs last laughs best.There is a young man who wants to see you.I met a friend of mine in the park who had got three gold medals in the Olympics.2021/8/9 星期一8 3.whose 在从句中作定语。指在从句中作定语。指“某人某人(物物)的的”,相当于相当于“the+名词名词+of which/whom”或或“the+名词名词+of which/whom”：Flora,whose hair and dress were wet and cold,started crying.(=the hair and dress of whom)He lives in a room whose window faces south.(=the window of which)比较比较：Here is the girl,of whom the mother works in this shop.He lives in a room,of which the window faces south.2021/8/9 星期一9 根根据据从从句句中中谓谓语语动动词词的的搭搭配配习习惯惯及及从从句句自自身身含含义义的的需需要要，可可将将介介词词放放在在which/whom之之前前，介介词后不用词后不用 that：Is this the solider from whom you got a gun?I remember the day on which I first met him.This is the girl about whom I often talk.=This is the girl of whom I often speak.He made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was happening outside.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals,of which 12 were won by women.二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从引导的定语从句句 但是但是,在含有介词的固定词组中，介词不能在含有介词的固定词组中，介词不能前置。如前置。如：This is the teacher(whom)you are looking for.2021/8/9 星期一10More examples 根根据据需需要要，还还可可用用“代代词词（名名词词、数数词词、形形容容词等词等+of which/whom”来引导定语从句：来引导定语从句：He has two sisters,both of whom are actress.There are a lot of islands in China,the largest of which is Taiwan Island.The medical team consists of ten people,8 of whom are experienced nurses.There are many kinds of birds in Australia,and over 140 species of snakes,many of which are extremely dangerous.2021/8/9 星期一11 1.when 指指时时间间，在在从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语，可可用用“介介词词(on,in,at,during等等)which”代代替：替：2.where 指指地地点点，在在从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语，可可用用“介词介词(in,at,on 等等)which”代替：代替：3.why 指指原原因因，在在从从句句中中作作原原因因状状语语，可可用用“for which”代替：代替：三、关系副词的用法三、关系副词的用法 This is the factory where(=in which)we stayed last year.Do you know any restaurant where(=to which)we can go for a dinner?Do you still remember the day when(=on which)you joined the League?July,when(=in which)we can go home for a rest,is coming soon.I dont know the reason why(=for which)he came late.The reason why he was late was that he had got stuck in a traffic jam.2021/8/9 星期一12特别注意：特别注意：当先行词表示时间或地点，而引导词在从句当先行词表示时间或地点，而引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时中作主语或宾语时,不能用不能用 when、where,而而要用关系代词要用关系代词 which或或that,试比较：试比较：They planted trees in May,which is the best season in Beijing.The museum(which/that)we visited has a long history.在在“It is the first time that.”句型中的句型中的 that 为为习惯用法习惯用法,不能用不能用 when,如：如：It was the third time that we had been here.2021/8/9 星期一13 1.限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系密密切切，去去掉掉从从句句，主句意义就不完整甚至不合逻辑：主句意义就不完整甚至不合逻辑：2.非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句常常用用逗逗号号与与先先行行词词或或主主句句隔隔开开，去去掉掉从从句句并并不不影影响响主主句句的的意意思思，不不能能用用that来引导：来引导：四、限制性和非限制性定语从句四、限制性和非限制性定语从句 I was the only person in our office who was invited.My father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,which is what his parents expect.2021/8/9 星期一14 1.as 常用在常用在such、so、as或或 the same修修饰的先行词之后引导限制性定语从句，例如：饰的先行词之后引导限制性定语从句，例如：2.as 还可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代还可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个句子，有趣的是，这种从句可以放在主句整个句子，有趣的是，这种从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后或句中。如：之前，也可放在主句之后或句中。如：五、五、as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 I like the same subject as you do.(as 作宾作宾语语)He is not such a fool as he looks.(as 作表作表语语)I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as 作状语作状语)As we all know,he is good at English.=He is good at English,as we all know.(as 作宾语作宾语)2021/8/9 星期一15 which 引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，也也可可指指代代整整个主句，但个主句，但只能放在主句之后只能放在主句之后。如：。如：He did lend me the money,which/as I still remember.=As I still remember,he did lend me the money.as（指代前面或后的内容）（指代前面或后的内容）的习惯搭配：的习惯搭配：as anybody can see as we all know as is well knownas follows as we had expected as often happens as is often the case as is the case with as has been said before 2021/8/9 星期一16六、其他应注意的问题六、其他应注意的问题 1.the way 后面的定语从句一般由后面的定语从句一般由 that 或或 in which 引导，通常可以省略：引导，通常可以省略：2.当先行词是当先行词是“one of+复数名词复数名词”时时,从句从句中的谓语用复数；当先行词是中的谓语用复数；当先行词是“the only one of+复数名词复数名词”时时,谓语用单数：谓语用单数：3.that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别：引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别：I dont like the way(that)you laugh at her.He doesnt speak the way(in which)I do.He is one of the teachers who know Russian.He is the only one of the teachers who knows Russian well.The news(that)you told me is not true.The news that we have won the game is not true.(同同位位语语从从句句中中that不不充充当当成成分分也也不不能能省略省略)2021/8/9 星期一174.分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句She sang the songs perfectly there yesterday which were written by me.In 1898，a law was passed which meant all people above a certain age were paid a weekly“old age pension”The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village The days are gone forever _ the Chinese people were looked down upon.A.that B.which C.what D.whenD2021/8/9 星期一185.抽象地点类先行词抽象地点类先行词situation/condition/case/point/sport/activity/stage/occasion Footy is a sport where players hold the ball and run with it.I can hardly remember any occasions when I get caught in a traffic jam in our town.After graduation Id like to find a job_ I can use what I have learnt at school.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves different.Shes in a hopeless situation,_ we will keep a very close eye on.wherewherewhich2021/8/9 星期一196.介词介词 whoseThat is the manager in whose department women are looked down upon.Finally the police caught the thief in whose pocket my lost wallet was found.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from whose effects the people are still suffering.金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。金先生工作单位的老板到医院来探视。The boss in whose department Mr King worked called at the hospital2021/8/9 星期一207.from whereHis head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.(from where相当于相当于from out of the window)China is the birth place of kites,from where kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.我们那天一起爬到了山顶，在那儿我们欣赏了全城我们那天一起爬到了山顶，在那儿我们欣赏了全城的美景。的美景。We climbed to the top of the mountain that day,from where we appreciated the beautiful scenery of the whole city.2021/8/9 星期一218.in which case/by which time/during which time/for which reason He may come,in which case Ill ask him.他也许会来，来了我就问他他也许会来，来了我就问他 She may be late,in which case we ought to wait for her.她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她.妈妈生病了，正因为如此他开会来迟了。妈妈生病了，正因为如此他开会来迟了。His mother is ill,for which reason he was late for the meeting.2021/8/9 星期一229.混杂式定语从句混杂式定语从句有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的句子成分之间会插入有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的句子成分之间会插入“人称代词人称代词+think/believe/guess等等”表猜测等表猜测等态度的句子。我们可以把它态度的句子。我们可以把它当作一个插入成分当作一个插入成分看待看待That evening some Chongqing people saw something that they thought was a UFO flying across the sky.Many college students have mastered computer,driving and foreign languages,which we all know are the most important things in todays society.他空余时间喜欢广泛阅读，我认为这点让他受益匪浅。他空余时间喜欢广泛阅读，我认为这点让他受益匪浅。He likes reading widely in his spare time,which I think is of great benefit to him.2021/8/9 星期一2310.省略式定语从句省略式定语从句在含将来意义的定语从句中在含将来意义的定语从句中,我们可以省略主语和谓语的我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分一部分(主要是情态动词和助动词主要是情态动词和助动词),而代之以而代之以“介词介词+关关系代词系代词+不定式不定式”的形式的形式I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom to improve French.(完完整句式是整句式是:I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom I can improve my French.)She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which to buy her family a big flat.(完整句式是完整句式是:She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which she can buy her family a big flat.)2021/8/9 星期一241)This is such a puzzling question _ no one can answer.2)This is such a puzzling question _ no one can answer it.A.it B.that C.as D.which1)Is this the museum _you visited the other day?2)Is this museum _ you visited the other day?3)Is this museum _ the famous antique was shown last year?4)A.that B.in which C.where D.the oneCBCDA2021/8/9 星期一251)There are lots of people in the reading room,and most of _ was lost in their reading.2)There are lots of people in the reading room,most of _ was lost in the reading.A.whom B.which C.who D.them1)The couple have arrived at the point _ they need to be separated for some time.2)This is the very point _ we must insist on.A.that B.which C.where D.whatDACA2021/8/9 星期一26 1.Last night,John was answering the letters that _(寄寄给给他他的的)during the past two weeks.(arrive)(湖北湖北 2007)2007)2.The city _(我我成成长长的的)is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)(湖北湖北 2008)2008)3.Learning strategies,to _(老老师师们们 认认 为为)importance,have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)(湖北湖北 2009)2009)4.My mother was so proud of all _(我我所所做做的的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)(湖北湖北 2010)2010)5._(正正如如我我们们强强调调的的那那样样)many times,“serve the people”is our first policy.(stress)(湖湖北北 2010)2010)where/in which I grew upwhich teachers attach(that)I had doneAs we have stressed had arrived for him2021/8/9 星期一27 6.There is a board by the side of the well,_(上上面面)“Dont forget the digger when you fetch water from the well.”(write)7.I can never forget _(我们一起度过的日子我们一起度过的日子).(spend)8.We will put off the picnic next week,_(那时天气会好些那时天气会好些).(fine)9.In our school there are 3,000 students,_(其中其中2/5是女生是女生).(be)10.The rich,_(对对他他们们来来说说钱钱不不是是问问题题),wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.(problem)the days(which)we spent together when the weather may be fine two fifths of whom are girlsfor whom money was not a problemon which are written 2021/8/9 星期一28 11.Is this hotel _(我们要住的我们要住的)next week?(stay)12.Steven Spielberg,_(他他的的妈妈妈妈是是老老师师),was born in 1946 in a small town in America.(be)13._(他他不不能能到到那里去的原因那里去的原因)was that he was ill in bed.(reason)14.This was the moment _(我们的事业真正腾飞我们的事业真正腾飞).(take)15.It was the first time _(我我参参观观)the Great Wall of China.(visit)the one where we will/are to staywhose mother was a teacherThe reason why he could not go there when our career really took offthat I had visited2021/8/9 星期一29 16.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,_(其其后后果果十十分分严严重重).(effects)17.I was given three books on cooking,_(我喜欢其中第一本我喜欢其中第一本).(enjoy)18._(和和通通常常情情况况一一样样),we have worked out the production plan on time.(case)19.Tree after tree went down,cut down by the water,_(一定有一定有)three meters deep.(be)20.What surprised me most was not what he said but _(他说话的方式他说话的方式).(say)whose effects are very serious the first of which I enjoyAs is often the casewhich must have been the way he said it2021/8/9 星期一30例析定语从句易错点例析定语从句易错点(二）2021/8/9 星期一31定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用 例例 1.Ill never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.例例 2.Ill never forget the days which I visited New York with you.析：例析：例 1 中的中的 when 应改为应改为 which 或或 that；例例 2 中的中的 which 应改为应改为 when.区分关系代词区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例就应考虑使用关系代词，如例 1.若定语从句中缺少状语，若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例就应考虑使用关系副词，如例 2.2021/8/9 星期一32易错点二：固定句式出差错易错点二：固定句式出差错例例 3.Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.例例 4.Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.析：例析：例 3 中的中的 as 应改为应改为 that,例例 4 中的中的 that 应改为应改为 as.sothat 或或 soas为固定句式，为固定句式，后者为后者为 as 引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4；类似的固定句式还有类似的固定句式还有 the same as,suchas，asas 等。等。前者为前者为 that 引导的结果状语从句，引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例 3.2021/8/9 星期一33易错点三：主谓不一致易错点三：主谓不一致例例 5.Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.例例 6.Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.析：例析：例 5 中的中的 likes 应改为应改为 like；例例 6 中的中的 like 应改为应改为 likes.在在“one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”结构中，结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5；在在“the（only）one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”结构中结构中先行词是先行词是 one，而不是复数名词，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6.2021/8/9 星期一34易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合例例 7.Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen？例例 8.Youd better make a mark at where you have any questions.析：例析：例 7 中第一个中第一个 that 应改为应改为 where；例例 8 中应去掉中应去掉 at.例例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句为带有定语从句的强调句,you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用为定语从句，其引导词应用 where，后面第二个后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的才是强调句中的 that，此句可还原为：，此句可还原为：You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder.例例 8 为为 where 引导的地点状语从句。引导的地点状语从句。2021/8/9 星期一35易错点五：对先行词概念不明确易错点五：对先行词概念不明确例例 9.Is this library that you visited yesterday？例例 10.Is this the library where you visited yesterday？析：例析：例 9 中应在中应在 library 后加后加 the one；例例 10 中的中的 where 应去掉或改为应去掉或改为 that 或或 which.在例在例 9 中，中，this library 是主语，是主语，is 是谓语，是谓语，that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词；在例故应补加先行词；在例 10 中，中，the library 是先行词，是先行词，定语从句缺少宾语，定语从句缺少宾语，where是关系副词，不能做定语从是关系副词，不能做定语从句中的宾语，故应用句中的宾语，故应用 that 或或 which 来引导，当然也可来引导，当然也可以省略。以省略。2021/8/9 星期一36易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误例例 11.I dont like the way which you speak to her.例例 12.I dont care for pay.I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.析：例析：例 11 中应在中应在 which 前加前加 in 或将或将 which 改为改为 that 或去掉；或去掉；例例 12 中的中的 that 应改为应改为 where 或或 in which.在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，作先行词时，其引导词可用其引导词可用 that 或或 in which 或省略，如例或省略，如例 11；与与 way 相似的还有相似的还有 job，situation，point，case 等作先