人教版高三英语高考专题复习课件：状语从句.ppt

状状语从句从句2021/8/9 星期一1一一.时间状语从句时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：（1 1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：其连词有：when when（当（当的时候）的时候）,whilewhile（当（当的时候）的时候）,as,as（当（当的时候）的时候）,once,once（一旦（一旦）as soon asas soon as（一（一就就,）the timethe time（当（当的时刻）的时刻）,the momentthe moment（当（当的时刻）的时刻）,2021/8/9 星期一2by the timeby the time（到（到时候为止）时候为止）,next time(,next time(下次下次),the),the first time(first time(第一次第一次的时候的时候),),the last time(the last time(上次上次的时候的时候)，immediately immediately（一（一就就）,instantlyinstantly（一（一就就,directlydirectly（一（一就就）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时般过去时 hardly/scarcelywhenhardly/scarcelywhen（刚（刚就就）,no soonerthanno soonerthan（刚（刚就就）2021/8/9 星期一3Strike while the iron is hot.Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。趁热打铁。While I am washing the floor,you can be cleaning the While I am washing the floor,you can be cleaning the windows.windows.（whilewhile含有对比的意思）含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。As/When I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.As/When I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him,you will never forget him.Once you see him,you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。2021/8/9 星期一4Hardly Hardly had we got into the country had we got into the country whenwhen it began to it began to rain.rain.我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。=We had=We had hardlyhardly got into the country got into the country whenwhen it began to it began to rain.rain.No soonerNo sooner had he come home had he come home thanthan she started she started plaining.=He had=He had no soonerno sooner come home come home thanthan she started she started plaining.他一到家她就开始抱怨。他一到家她就开始抱怨。He made for the door He made for the door directlydirectly he heard the he heard the knock.knock.他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。2021/8/9 星期一5He left me a good impression the first time I met him.He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。他刚到达那里就生起病来。He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。2021/8/9 星期一6asas、whenwhen、whilewhile用法一览用法一览 as as 表示表示“当当的时候的时候”，往往和，往往和when/whilewhen/while通用，但它着重强调主通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用asas，可译为，可译为“一边一边.，一边，一边.”.”She came up as I was cooking.(She came up as I was cooking.(同时同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时几乎同时)He looked behind from to time as he went.He looked behind from to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。他一边走，一边不时地往后看。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。2021/8/9 星期一7 when(at or during the time that),when(at or during the time that),既可以表既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作生。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前之前”或或“之后之后”发生时，多用发生时，多用whenwhen（=after=after）,不用不用asas或或whilewhile。此外，。此外，whenwhen还含有还含有“at that moment”“at that moment”的意的意思（思（=and then=and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用不能用as,whileas,while来替换。来替换。2021/8/9 星期一8It was raining when we arrived.(It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点指时间点)When we were at school,we went to the library every When we were at school,we went to the library every day.day.(在一段时间内在一段时间内)We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.out.我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。我们正在看电视，这时灯突然灭了。They had just arrived home when it began toThey had just arrived home when it began torain.rain.他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。他们刚到家，这时天就开始下雨了。2021/8/9 星期一9While While 意思是意思是“当当的时候的时候”或或“在某一段在某一段时间里时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在般要用延续性动词。在whenwhen表示表示a period of a period of timetime时，两者可以互换。时，两者可以互换。当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用while,while,不用不用asas或或when when 2021/8/9 星期一10Please dont talk so loud while others are working.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading.He fell asleep while/when reading.Strike while the iron is hot.Strike while the iron is hot.(用用asas或或whenwhen不可，这里的不可，这里的whilewhile意思是意思是“趁趁”)”)She thought I was talking about her daughter,while in She thought I was talking about her daughter,while in fact,I was talking about my daughter.fact,I was talking about my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。2021/8/9 星期一11（2 2）表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之）表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。后。主要连词有：主要连词有：afterafter（在（在之后之后)，beforebefore（在（在之前）之前）,when(=after),when(=after)等。等。After/When the children had gone to bed,she began to prepare her After/When the children had gone to bed,she began to prepare her lessons.lessons.孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）句用了过去完成时）He had learned English for three years before he went to London.He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）2021/8/9 星期一12常用句型：常用句型：It is/was/will be before It is/was/will be before 要过多久才要过多久才It will be another five days before we finish this It will be another five days before we finish this task.task.还要再过还要再过5 5天我们才能完成这个任务。天我们才能完成这个任务。It isnt/wasnt/wont be before It isnt/wasnt/wont be before 没有过多久就没有过多久就It was not long before I forgot it all.It was not long before I forgot it all.我没有过多久就我没有过多久就全忘了。全忘了。与与cancan，couldcould连用表连用表“没来得及没来得及”He ran off before I could stop him.He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）乎同时发生，时态一致）我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意注意beforebefore在汉语中的译义在汉语中的译义)2021/8/9 星期一13（3 3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有主要连词有every timeevery time（每次）（每次）,each time,each time（每次）（每次）,wheneverwhenever（每当）等。（每当）等。Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to help us.help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们Each time he came to town he would visit our Each time he came to town he would visit our school.school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house,he was out.Every time I went to his house,he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。我每次去他家，他都出去了。2021/8/9 星期一14(4(4）表示持续性或瞬间性）表示持续性或瞬间性主要连词有：主要连词有：sincesince（自从）（自从）,ever since,ever since（自从）（自从）,until,until（直到（直到才才/为为止止,till,till（直到（直到才才/为止）为止）常用句型常用句型:It is/wassince:It is/wassince It is just a week since we arrived here.It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.You have been reading to me ever since James went out.自从自从JamesJames走后你一直在给我朗读。走后你一直在给我朗读。(ever(ever 放在放在sincesince之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)2021/8/9 星期一15The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever(ever sincesince可以放在句末，可以放在句末，since since则不能则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.since.我叔叔于我叔叔于19511951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。Things went well until/till one night an accident happened.Things went well until/till one night an accident happened.事事情一切正常直到一天晚上发生意外情一切正常直到一天晚上发生意外I knew nothing about it until/till he told me.I knew nothing about it until/till he told me.他告诉我了我才知道。他告诉我了我才知道。2021/8/9 星期一16before,after,since1.He had left the town the day _ she arrived.2.It was not long _ he left his hometown.3.I played football _ I(had)finished my homework4.Please tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping.5.It will not be long _ we meat each other again.6.I_(be)at his bedside since he _(become)ill.7.It _ (be)two years since we _(begin)to use this machine.beforeafterbeforebeforeafterhave beenbecameis/has beenbegan2021/8/9 星期一17untiluntil与与tilltill及及 notuntil/till notuntil/till的用法的用法untiluntil和和tilltill都可表示都可表示“直到为止直到为止”，与持续，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：性动词的肯定式连用。如：He waited until/till we finished our meal.He waited until/till we finished our meal.他一直等他一直等到我们吃完饭。到我们吃完饭。当当untiluntil和和tilltill表示表示“直到直到.才才.”.”时，通常与短暂动时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，词的否定式连用，这时，untiluntil和和tilltill也可用也可用beforebefore代替。如：代替。如：I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.I didnt leave until/till/before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。直到她回来，我才离开的。bebe动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和动词的肯定式和否定式都可以和untiluntil或或tilltill连用。连用。2021/8/9 星期一18untiluntil引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但tilltill从句一般不放在句首。如：从句一般不放在句首。如：Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了他告诉我了我才知道。我才知道。当当not untilnot until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：语序：Not until she came back did I leave.=I didnt Not until she came back did I leave.=I didnt leave until she came back.leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用在强调句型中一般用untiluntil，不用，不用tilltill。如：。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.I realized she was a famous film star.2021/8/9 星期一19二二.地点状语从句地点状语从句:地点状语从句是由地点状语从句是由wherewhere（在（在的地方）的地方）,wherever,wherever（无论哪里）引导的（无论哪里）引导的：Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里这里wherewhere引导的从句不是定语从句引导的从句不是定语从句)哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。2021/8/9 星期一20三三三三.原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句:表示原因的状语从句可以由表示原因的状语从句可以由表示原因的状语从句可以由表示原因的状语从句可以由 asasasas（由于（由于（由于（由于),),),),becausebecausebecausebecause(因为因为因为因为),),),),sincesincesincesince（既然（既然（既然（既然),),),),now(that)now(that)now(that)now(that)(既然既然既然既然),),),),forforforfor(由于由于由于由于),),),),considering thatconsidering thatconsidering thatconsidering that（顾及到）（顾及到）（顾及到）（顾及到）,seeing thatseeing thatseeing thatseeing that（由于）等连词引导：（由于）等连词引导：（由于）等连词引导：（由于）等连词引导：I do it because I like it.I do it because I like it.I do it because I like it.I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。因为我喜欢我才干。因为我喜欢我才干。因为我喜欢我才干。(because(because(because(because不能与不能与不能与不能与 so so so so连用连用连用连用)He couldnt have seen me,because I was not there.He couldnt have seen me,because I was not there.He couldnt have seen me,because I was not there.He couldnt have seen me,because I was not there.他不可能见他不可能见他不可能见他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。过我，因为当时我不在那儿。过我，因为当时我不在那儿。过我，因为当时我不在那儿。Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided to put Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided to put Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided to put Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided to put the meeting off.the meeting off.the meeting off.the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会2021/8/9 星期一21Now that/Since you are all here,lets try and Now that/Since you are all here,lets try and reach a decision.reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧As she was ill,she didnt come to the party.As she was ill,she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。由于病了，她没来参加晚会。Considering that they are just beginners,they are Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。2021/8/9 星期一22because,as,for,since because,as,for,since 的区别的区别becausebecause语气最强表示不知道的原因时用语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,because,即说话人认为听话人不即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此知道，因此becausebecause从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用下列情况下只能使用because:because:在回答在回答whywhy的问句时；的问句时；在用于强调句型时；在用于强调句型时；被被notnot所否定时。所否定时。You want to know why Im leaving?Im leaving because Im You want to know why Im leaving?Im leaving because Im full.full.It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.I didnt like the job because Im well-paid.I didnt like the job because Im well-paid.我并不是因为薪水高才喜欢这工作。我并不是因为薪水高才喜欢这工作。2021/8/9 星期一23forfor的语气不及的语气不及because,since,asbecause,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用能用forfor Its morning now,for the birds are singing.Its morning now,for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上现在已是早上”的原因。）的原因。）2021/8/9 星期一24表示已经知道的原因时用表示已经知道的原因时用asas或或since,since,即某种原因在说话人看即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。要的部分。sincesince要比要比asas正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated,he Seeing all of the children already seated,he said,“Since everyone is here,lets start.”said,“Since everyone is here,lets start.”2021/8/9 星期一25Conclusion:Conclusion:1.because语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在语气最强，强调原因，既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。回答句中。回答“why”的提问。的提问。2.since表示表示“既然既然”，语气较弱；强调结果，只可以放在句首。，语气较弱；强调结果，只可以放在句首。3.as语气最弱，强调结果，只可以放在句首。语气最弱，强调结果，只可以放在句首。4.for表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因。表示通过逻辑推断得出的原因。2021/8/9 星期一264 4 目的状语从句目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:so thatso that（以便）（以便）,in order thatin order that（为了）（为了）,for fear thatfor fear that（以便）（以便）,目的状语从句的谓语动词常目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词与情态动词can,could,may,might,shouldcan,could,may,might,should连用连用Lets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.Lets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我们坐前我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。He took the name down for fear that he shouldHe took the name down for fear that he should forget it.forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+should+动词原形，或省略动词原形，或省略shouldshould）Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。防天气会冷。2021/8/9 星期一275 5 结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,so thatthat,so that（从句中不带情态动词）（从句中不带情态动词）,sothatsothat(如此如此以致以致),),suchthatsuchthat(如此如此以致以致)等。等。What has happened that you all l