形容词与副词的原级和比较级的用法及习题.ppt

第一课时第一课时用来对名词或某些代词在用来对名词或某些代词在性质性质、特特征或状态征或状态等方面加以修饰的词。等方面加以修饰的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容词什么叫形容词?在句中作在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语宾语补足语补足语等成分等成分e.g.He is a good student.I have something important to tell you.当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后.e.g.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?The trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.常与感官系动词连用：常与感官系动词连用：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go 等等The cake tastes delicious.形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy.Colour it green.有一些形容词前有一些形容词前+the后，具有名词后，具有名词词性。可以作主语或宾语。词性。可以作主语或宾语。The rich should help the poor.有些形容词有些形容词只能作定语只能作定语，有些形容词，有些形容词只能作表语只能作表语。sleeping 定语定语 a sleeping boyasleep 表语表语 the boy is asleep.定语：定语：sick,live,little等等表语：表语：ill,alive,alone等等形容词作定语时，分为形容词作定语时，分为前置前置定语和定语和后置后置定语。定语。大部分大部分形容词可以做前置定语。形容词可以做前置定语。an old American lady形容词短语、介词短语或不定式短形容词短语、介词短语或不定式短语语做后置定语。做后置定语。The boy under the tree is my brother.形容词按音节可分为：形容词按音节可分为：多音节词多音节词双音节词双音节词单音节词单音节词形容词级别可分为：形容词级别可分为：原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级形容词的级形容词的级原级：即形容词的原形。原级：即形容词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many 比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。smaller,better,taller,older,more最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。间的比较。smallest,tallest,newest,best少数形容词只有原形，没有比较级和少数形容词只有原形，没有比较级和最高级。如最高级。如right,wrong,woolen(right,wrong,woolen(羊羊毛制的毛制的)等。等。Thistreeisas_asthattree.Thegreenbagisas_asthered.Thispenisnotas_asthatpen.tallbiglong原级比较原级比较是说明两个人是说明两个人物或事物的程度是一样物或事物的程度是一样当两个人或两件事物进行比较时程度不当两个人或两件事物进行比较时程度不一样，就要用到形容词比较级，也就是一样，就要用到形容词比较级，也就是词尾词尾-er形式，比较级常常用形式，比较级常常用than来连来连接被比较的两个人或事物。接被比较的两个人或事物。e.g.I am shorter than you.比较级比较比较级比较是区分两个人物或事物的是区分两个人物或事物的程度不一样程度不一样 最高最高级级一般用于三者（或三者以上）一般用于三者（或三者以上）之之间间的比的比较较。“最最”。China is the largest of the countries.John is the tallest in the class.Yao Ming is Jordan.Jordan is tall.Yao Ming is taller.Jordan2.26m1.98mtaller thanZeng Zhiwei is short.Pan Changjiang isPan Changjiang is Zeng Zhiwei.shorter.shorter thanLiu Huan is heavy.Fei Mao isFei Mao is Liu Huan.80kg90kgheavier.heavier thanLin Xinru is thin.Liu Yifei is Liu Yifei is Lin Xinru.45kg48kgthinner.thinner thanmore outgoingLi Yong is Cheng long.Cheng Long is outgoing.Li Yong is more outgoing.outgoingmore outgoing thanathleticCheng Long is more athletic than Li Xiaopeng.Li Xiaopeng is athletic.Cheng Long is more athletic.more athleticfunny,serious,smart,calm,wild,big,fat,outgoing,athletic,dirty,heavy,thin,tallsmaller easierhottermore interestingsmarterfunnierheavierdirtierbiggerthinnerfattermore outgoingmore seriousmore athleticcalmerwildertaller形容词比较级的构成形容词比较级的构成一、规则变化一、规则变化（一）（一）单音节和少数双音节的变化规则单音节和少数双音节的变化规则（1）一般在词尾加）一般在词尾加-er,-est。smartsmarter,smartesthighhigher,highestsmallsmaller,smallesttalltaller,tallest longlonger,longest(2).以不发音的字母以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加结尾的，直接加-r,-st.nicenicer,nicestfinefiner,finest(3).以以“辅音字母结尾的辅音字母结尾的”，把，把变，再加变，再加-er,-est。earlyearlier,earliesthappyhappier,happiesteasyeasier,easiestheavyheavier,heaviestfunnyfunnier,funniest(4)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个字尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个字母，再加母，再加-er,-est.如如“胖瘦大热红伤湿胖瘦大热红伤湿”等等 fatfatter,fattestthinthinner,thinnestbigbigger,biggest hothotter,hottestredredder,reddestsadsadder,saddestwetwetter,wettest(5)以以 ow,-er结尾的双音节词，加结尾的双音节词，加-er,-est.clevercleverer,cleverestnarrownarrower,narrowest(二）多音节和部分双音节形容词或副词在二）多音节和部分双音节形容词或副词在原级前加原级前加more,most。popular-morepopular,mostpopulardifficult-moredifficult,mostdifficultbeautiful-morebeautiful,mostbeautifulinterestingmoreinteresting,mostinteresting slowlymoreslowly,mostslowly特例特例（1）由）由“动词动词+后缀后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，构成的形容词，在词前加在词前加more,most.interesting-moreinteresting,mostinterestingexciting-moreexciting,mostexcitingbored-morebored,mostboredrelaxed-morerelaxed,mostrelaxed词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较级级最高最高级级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加加more 和和most difficult popular slowlytaller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularmore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或-est原级原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级比较级最高级最高级better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记：巧记：特殊形式比较级特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词，先改先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先结尾的双音节词，先改改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：(二)不规则变化部分不规则形容词或副词good/well-bettermany/much-morebad/badly/ill-worselittle-lessfar-farther/furtherold-older/elder巧记：巧记：（1）特殊形式比较）特殊形式比较级级共有二对二合一共有二对二合一外加一对三合一外加一对三合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远（2）二好，二多，三坏二好，二多，三坏一少，一老，一远一少，一老，一远oldfatyounguglyhighlowlightwhitesunnyhotcoolearlydeliciousfriendlyimportanthungryhealthyoutgoinggoodwelllittleolderelderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercoolerearliermoredeliciouslessbettermoreoutgoinghealthierhungriermoreimportantmorefriendly讲述某人或某物自身情况时用原级。讲述某人或某物自身情况时用原级。可以修饰原级的词：可以修饰原级的词：very,too,so,more,quite,alot,alittle,enough,rather等等基本句型基本句型(1)主语主语+谓语谓语+形容词原级形容词原级+.Heisveryoldnow.他现在很老了。他现在很老了。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天气看上去相当糟天气看上去相当糟Iamsohappy.我是如此的快乐。我是如此的快乐。表示两者之间没有差别时表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：使用句型：(2)主语主语(第一个人物第一个人物)+谓语动词谓语动词+as+形容词形容词原级原级+as+第二个人物第二个人物+.和和一样一样如：如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一样兴奋。他和他妹妹一样兴奋。Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他们摘的苹果和农民一样多。他们摘的苹果和农民一样多。Thegirlisasbrilliantasbeautiful.这个女孩的智慧和美丽一样突出。这个女孩的智慧和美丽一样突出。表示第一个人比不上第二个人时表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型使用句型:(3)主语主语(第一个人物第一个人物)+谓语动词谓语动词(否定式否定式)+as/so+形容词形容词+as和和不一样，不一样，不如不如Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.他没他妹妹那么兴奋。他没他妹妹那么兴奋。Theydidntpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他们摘的苹果不如农民多。他们摘的苹果不如农民多。Tonyisntso/astallasTom.托尼和汤姆不一样高。托尼和汤姆不一样高。讲述两者有差异讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人第一个人物超过第二个人物时用比较级。物时用比较级。可以修饰比较级的词：可以修饰比较级的词：alittle,abit,alot,much,far,even,still,rather等等基本句型：基本句型：A原级原级.B比较级比较级.例：例：1）Bobistall.Mikeistaller.2）Thiscakeisdelicious.Thatcakeismoredelicious.Who/Which+is+比较级比较级,AorB?例：例：1）Whoistaller,MikeorBob?2）Whichofthemistaller,MikeorBob?说明：说明：此句型中的此句型中的or不可改为不可改为and。B+谓语谓语+比较级比较级+than+A例：例：1）MikeistallerthanBob(is).2）Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.注意：注意：theone代替可数名词单数代替可数名词单数theones或或those代替可数名词复数代替可数名词复数that代替不可数名词代替不可数名词moreandmore句型句型即即“比较级比较级+and+（同一个）比较级（同一个）比较级”句型。句型。此句型表示此句型表示“越来越越来越”。多音节比较级用。多音节比较级用“moreandmore形容词原级形容词原级”形式。形式。例：例：1）Ourlifeisbetterandbetter.2）Youlookmoreandmorebeautiful.Themore,themore句型句型具体结构：具体结构：The+比较级比较级+一个句子，一个句子，the+另一比较级另一比较级+一个句子。一个句子。表示表示“越越越越“。例：例：Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.两者范围内的比较两者范围内的比较具体结构：具体结构：The+比较级比较级+of+thetwo/twins/parents。表示表示“两者之间最两者之间最一个。一个。例：例：1).Mayisthetallerofthetwins.2).Heisthebraverofthetwoboys.使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点：使用形容词比较级时需注意以下几点：1)than后面接代词时后面接代词时,一般要用主格形式，一般要用主格形式，但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。如：如：MybrotheristallerthanI/me.2)当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,still等来修饰形容词比较级。注意等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不比较级不能用能用very,so,too,quite等修饰。如：等修饰。如：HeismuchmoreseriousthanSam.3)形容词比较级后面往往用连词形容词比较级后面往往用连词than连接连接另一个比较的人或事物另一个比较的人或事物,但在上下文明确但在上下文明确的情况下的情况下,形容词比较级可单独使用。如：形容词比较级可单独使用。如：Mysisteristall,butmyauntistaller.我姐姐个子高我姐姐个子高,但我姑姑个子更高。但我姑姑个子更高。4)进行比较的人和物必须是同一类。进行比较的人和物必须是同一类。Mybooksaremorethanyours.Ihavemorebooksthanyou.讲述三者或三者以上的差异讲述三者或三者以上的差异,一个人物是其一个人物是其中之最用最高级。最高级前必须加中之最用最高级。最高级前必须加the.可以修饰最高级的词：可以修饰最高级的词：byfar,much,really,very,almost等等基本句型：基本句型：A+系系+the+最高级最高级+(名词名词)+表示范围短语表示范围短语（in,among,of)例：例：1）Heistheyoungestinhisfamily.2）Lucyisthemostcarefulamongus.Who/Which+is+最高级最高级,A，BorC?例：例：1）Whichcountryisthemostfascinating,China,AmericaorFrance?2）Whichistheshortest,Mike,JohnorBob?说明：说明：此句型中的此句型中的or不可改为不可改为and。oneofthe+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数例：例：1）JackieChenisoneofthemostpopularstars.2）LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.比较级表达最高级含义比较级表达最高级含义句型：句型：the+最高级最高级+名词名词+范围范围=比较级比较级+than+anyother+名词单数名词单数theother+名词复数名词复数anyoftheother+名词复数名词复数therestof+名词复数名词复数alltheother+名词单数名词单数theothersanyofothersanyone/anythingelse第二课时第二课时表示行为特征或性状特征的词。表示行为特征或性状特征的词。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。e.g.什么叫副词什么叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.一、副词的用法一、副词的用法1.作状语作状语（1）副词主要在句中作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副）副词主要在句中作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等。词等。A、修饰动词、修饰动词 Heworkshard.B、修饰形容词、修饰形容词 Sheisaverybeautifulgirl.C、修饰另一个副词、修饰另一个副词 ShespeaksEnglishquitewell.D、修饰介词短语、修饰介词短语 Thehospitalisjustaroundthecorner.(2)作表语作表语:放在系动词后放在系动词后 Hewillbebackinadayortwo.(3)作定语作定语：一般放在被修饰的名词之后一般放在被修饰的名词之后 Thisbookhereisthemostuseful.（4）作复合宾语：作复合宾语：放在及物动词后放在及物动词后 I saw you out with my friend the other day.二、副词的分类二、副词的分类名称例词在句子中的位置时间副词today,early,soon,now,then,recently，still时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。例如：He will be back tomorrow.他明天将回来。Yesterday we all went to the park.昨天我们都去公园了。名称例词在句子中的位置地点副词表示地点的副词：somewhere,here，there，downstairs地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。例如：The children are playing downstairs.孩子们正在楼下玩。Here people are practicing speaking English.人们在这儿练习说英语。Please go straight down the street.请沿着这条街一直往前走。表示方向的副词：off,down,up,out 名称例词在句子中的位置程度副词very much,enough,quite,almost,rather常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与 much连用并置于句末。例如：Tom is old enough to go to school.汤姆已经足够大可以去上学了。疑问副词how,when,where,why主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。例如：Where are you going for vacation?你打算去哪里度假？Why were you late for our meeting last night?昨晚我们开会你为什么迟到了？三、副词的比较等级三、副词的比较等级1.用于两者不同级的比较。用于两者不同级的比较。“副词比较级副词比较级+than”。这一结构表示比对方强。这一结构表示比对方强。例如：例如：Mike works more carefully than Jack.迈克工作比杰克细心。迈克工作比杰克细心。2.“（not）as/so+副词原级副词原级+as”。这一结构。这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。表示两者相似或前者不如后者。例如：例如：You dont get up so/as early as I.你没我起得早。你没我起得早。3.最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级前最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级前可加也可不加定冠词可加也可不加定冠词the.例如：例如：Of all the students in our class,she writes(the)most beautifully.在我们全班同学中，她书写得最漂亮。在我们全班同学中，她书写得最漂亮。oldfatyounguglyhighlowlightwhitesunnyhotcoololderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercooler1.Imtallbutmysisteris_(short).2.Mymotherhaslonghair,andmysisterhas_(long)hair.3.Thislittlebabyis_(outgoing)thanthatone.shorterlongermoreoutgoing 4.Insomewayswelookthesame,insomewayswelook_(不同不同).5.Annisavery_(安静的安静的)girl,shehardlymakesnoise.differentquiet练习：用所给形容词的适当形式填空。Her hair is _(long)than mine.Who is _(short),Tom or Jack?Lily is _(quiet)than her sister.Tina,please come to school a little _(early)next time.longershorterquieterearlierThe _(hard)you study,the _(good)grades youll get.It becomes _ and _(hot)when summer comes.harderbetterhotterhotter练习：单项选择。1.This one is too large.Can you show me a _one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller 2.Do you think March is _ than January?Yes,its _ warmer.A.better,a little B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quite 3.Her bag is newer than _.A.mine B.my C.me D.I4.The weather in North China is colder than _ in South China.A.B.this C.the one D.that 5.Which one is _,this one or that one?A.good B.bad C.best D.better 6.I think your room is _ bigger.A.a lot B.a lot of C.lots of D.more6.Lucyisveryshort,butsheis_thanhersister.A.shorterB.longerC.tallerD.older7.Frankis_friendlythanhisbrother.A.alittlemoreB.afewmoreC.muchD.alittle8.Samis_atChinesethanJim.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.gooderCAC9.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea_one?A.largerB.largeC.smallD.smaller10.DoyouthinkMarchis_thanJanuary?Yes,its_warmer.A.better,alittleB.well,muchC.worse,veryD.nicer,quiteDAPractice:(1)I am a little _ than you.(tall)(2)Tom is _ than Jack.(cool)(3)This girl is _ than that.(nice)(4)This question is _ than that one.(easy)(5)My pocket money is much _ than yours.(much)(6)She studies even _ than before.(hard)(7)He feels a lot _ than yesterday.(good)(8)My brother is _ than me.(old)(9)My country will become _.(beautiful)(10)Lily is _ than her classmates.(thin)tallertallercoolercooler(11)I think today is _ than yesterday.(tired)nicernicereasiereasiermoremoreharderharderbetterbettereldereldermore beautifulmore beautifulthinnerthinnermore tiredmore tired注注1 可修饰比较级的词有可修饰比较级的词有 a little、much、even、a lot 等！等！注注2 tired 的比较级与最高级特殊在前加的比较级与最高级特殊在前加 more、most(12)He is the _ in his class.(tall)(13)Ming is my _ friend.(good)(14)Today is the _ day in this month.(hot)(15)Mr.Wang is the _ teacher.(popular)(16)I think I am the _ people in the world.(happy)tallesttallestbestbesthottesthottestmost popularmost popularhappiesthappiest注：注：注：注：最高级前往往加最高级前往往加最高级前往往加最高级前往往加thetheAdvantage:_ he works,_ he is.A Busy,happy B Busier,happier C The busier,the happier D The busy,the happyC语法掌握：语法掌握：“The+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级”意思：意思：越越就越就越 1.The boy becomes _ _.1.The boy becomes _ _.A more and more cooler B cool and cool A more and more cooler B cool and cool C cooler and cooler D more cooler and more coolerC cooler and cooler D more cooler and more cooler C2.The girl becomes _ _.2.The girl becomes _ _.A more and more beautiful B more beautiful and A more and more beautiful B more beautiful and more beautifulmore beautifulC beautiful and beautiful D beautifuler and C beautiful and beautiful D beautifuler and beautifuler beautifuler B语法掌握：语法掌握：语法掌握：语法掌握：“比较级比较级比较级比较级 and and 比较级比较级比较级比较级”意思：越来越意思：越来越意思：越来越意思：越来越1._ I eat,_ I am.1._ I eat,_ I am.A More,fatter B The more,the fatter A More,fatter B The more,the fatter C Much,fat D The much,the fatC Much,fat D The much,the fatB2.Our country is becoming _2.Our country is becoming _A better and better B more and more good A better and better B more and more good C best and best D good and goodC best and best D good and good AChoose the best answer:1.Its getting _.A.warm and warmer B.warmer and warmer C.more warmer2.Which one do you like better?-The _ one.A.more nice B.biger C.cheaper3.Our country is becoming _.A.much and much beautiful B.many and many beautiful C.more and more beautiful BCC4.Tom speaks Chinese _ better than we.A.little B.a lot of C.much5.Of the ten books,I like this one _.A.very B.better C.best6.The _ we get together,the _ well be.A.more;happier B.many;happier C.more;happy 7.Geography isnt _than history,but its as_ as history.A.difficult;important B.more difficult;important C.difficult;more importantCCAB8.My teacher helps us as _ as she can.A.many B.much C.more9.Which one is _,the watch,the bike or the TV set?A.more expensive B.most expensive C.the most expensive10.Basketball is _ than ping-pong ball.A.more interesting B.much interesting C.very interestingBCA1.The bread is _ than these cakes A.very delicious B.much delicious C.more delicious D.as delicious2.Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A.far B.far