高二英语第15单元grammar 新课标 人教.ppt

2021/8/11 星期三1过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动词的动词的-ing 形式形式非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三2Smoking may cause cancer.He tried to avoid answering their questions.One of her duties is typing letters.The man sitting next to you is our headmaster.Being angry,he cant say a word.I saw him running down the street.2021/8/11 星期三3 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 一般式一般式 (notnot）V-ingV-ing(not)being+V-ed(not)being+V-ed 完成式完成式(not)having V-ed(not)having V-ed(not)having been V-ed(not)having been V-edv-ing 形式形式2021/8/11 星期三4v-ing 形式的作用形式的作用v-ing v-ing 形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。定语、状语和宾补。V-ing 形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词2021/8/11 星期三51.作主语（动名词）作主语（动名词）e.g.Finding work is difficult theses days.It was a waste of time reading that book.Its no use/good worrying about it.2.作宾语（动名词）作宾语（动名词）e.g.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？They are looking forward to Marys coming.英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。如英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。如 admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,give up,enjoy,regret,insist on,practise,finish,put off,avoid,mind,escape,excuse,stand(忍受忍受),imagine,miss,risk,suggest,cant help(禁不住禁不住),set about,后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词特殊动词接特殊动词接“动名动名”，使用它们要记清，使用它们要记清，“放弃放弃”“享受享受”可可“后悔后悔”，“坚持坚持”“练习练习”必必“完成完成”，“延期延期”“避免避免”非非“介意介意”动名介宾不能忘动名介宾不能忘 掌握它们你必明。掌握它们你必明。2021/8/11 星期三6英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义但含义不同不同.remembergo on to dodoingto dodoingto do(遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事)doing(后悔做了某事后悔做了某事)forgettryto do(设法设法)doing(尝试着做尝试着做)regretmeanto do(继续做另外一件事继续做另外一件事)doing(继续做同一件事继续做同一件事)stopto do(停下手中的事去做另外一件停下手中的事去做另外一件)doing(停止做正在做的事情停止做正在做的事情)to dodoing2021/8/11 星期三71.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海上海12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned3.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96上海上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded A AC CC C2021/8/11 星期三83.作表语（动名词作表语（动名词,现在分词）现在分词）e.g.One of her hobbies is growing flowers.The speed of the horses was amazing.4.作定语（动名词作定语（动名词,现在分词）现在分词）e.g.There are no swimming pools in our school.Do you know the three children walking towards us?1.v-ing 作定语时，单个的作定语时，单个的v-ing 形式放在所修饰的形式放在所修饰的名词前；若是名词前；若是v-ing短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后2.动名词作定语，仅表被修饰的名词的用途，解释动名词作定语，仅表被修饰的名词的用途，解释为为“供给供给.之用之用”;现在分词说明的是被修饰的现在分词说明的是被修饰的名词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作名词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作,可用相应的可用相应的定语从句换定语从句换.=who are walking towards us2021/8/11 星期三95.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语V-ing形式可以放在某些动词如形式可以放在某些动词如see,hear,notice,keep,find,get,have,feel等词后作宾语补足语等词后作宾语补足语.e.g.Suddenly I heard someone knocking gently on the door.Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2021/8/11 星期三106.作状语作状语(现在分词现在分词)V-ing 形式作状语形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思表达的意思.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.Being ill,he didnt go to school.=As he was ill,he didnt go to school.Laughing and talking,they went into the classroom.（方式）（方式）2021/8/11 星期三11If you use your head,you will find a way.Though weighing almost one hundred jin,the box was lifted by him with one hand.We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随）伴随）1.当当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用在谓语动作之前，需用having done2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语=Using your head,you will find a way.=Though it weighes 2021/8/11 星期三12e.g._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not receivede.g.Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.C C解析没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用所以应该用having done;having done;此题又是表否定含此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having not doing/not having done;done;故选故选 c c2021/8/11 星期三13-ing 形式形式-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法 European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.（NMET1998）A.making B.makes C.made D.to make解析He rushed to the train station,only _ the train had gone.A.finding B.found C.finds D.to findD2021/8/11 星期三14非谓语动词之间的对比2021/8/11 星期三151动词不定式和动名词作主语比较动词不定式和动名词作主语比较动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：特别是将来的动作。例如：l_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old（MET 1992）AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalkB2021/8/11 星期三162.动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较 l1）不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作）不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。动名词表示一般或抽象的多次主语一样。动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动性动作，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作作，特别是将来的动作lHis job is building houses lOur task now is to increase food production 2021/8/11 星期三17l（2）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。lThe real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers lThe most important thing is to put theory into practicelHe is interested in English.lThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_ it more difficult（NMET 1999）lAnot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not makeB2021/8/11 星期三18l3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 l（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect等。等。lWe agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995）lAhaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have metC2021/8/11 星期三19（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，l lThe squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_（MET 1987）Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch l lI would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992）Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure callingCC2021/8/11 星期三20（4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，名词，但意义上有区别，The light in the office is still on Oh，I forgot _（MET 1991）Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it offYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995）Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving doneCD2021/8/11 星期三214、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较主语补足语比较 l l（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：或主语补足语，如：ask，tell，order，want，wish，warn，allow，advise，permit，forbid等。等。l lThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation（NMET 1996）l lAto eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating C2021/8/11 星期三22l l（2）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have，make等，且不定式不带等，且不定式不带to，但在被动结，但在被动结构中必须带构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。l lWe heard her sing this song before we went in.我们听她唱完这首歌才进去。我们听她唱完这首歌才进去。l lWe heard her singing this song when we got there.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。l lWe often hear this song sung by her.我们我们经常听见她唱这首歌。经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱歌是被唱)2021/8/11 星期三235不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较 l1）不定式作定语表示）不定式作定语表示“将要将要”，现在，现在分词表示分词表示“正在正在”或主动，过去分词表或主动，过去分词表示示“已经已经”。lThe Olympic Games，_in 776 BC，did not include women players until1912（NMET 1997）lAfirst playing Bto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playingc2021/8/11 星期三24l2）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。名词的动作。la swimming pool动名词作定语，动名词作定语，la swimming fish现在分词作定语。现在分词作定语。2021/8/11 星期三256.动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。伴随和结果。l_late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm（NMET 2001）lATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving sleptA2021/8/11 星期三26l_such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river（NMET 2000）lAHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSufferedl_more attention，the trees could have grown better（MET 1990）lAGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving givenAA2021/8/11 星期三27 分词做定语的位置及其它分词做定语的位置及其它 “定分定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，分词短语在词后，“定从定从”和它互对照。和它互对照。“现分现分”动作进行时，动作进行时，“过分过分”动作完成了。动作完成了。注：注：“定分定分”：做定语的分词；：做定语的分词；“定从定从”：定语从句；：定语从句；“现分现分”：现在分词；：现在分词；“过分过分”：过去分词。）：过去分词。）分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义 分词做状语，概有七意义。分词做状语，概有七意义。“时间时间”和和“原因原因”，“结果结果”与与“目的目的”。“方式方式”加加“伴随伴随”，“条件条件”常出席。常出席。且谈其主语，谓语头前的且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。（。（*指句子的主语）指句子的主语）2021/8/11 星期三28Bye-bye!Bye-bye!Thank you 2021/8/11 星期三292021/8/11 星期三30