高中英语 unit4 helping people around the worldgrammar and usage课件 牛津译林选修6.ppt

G Gr ra am mm ma ar r&U Us sa ag ge e2021/8/11星期三1Subjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气2021/8/11星期三2RevisionRevision2021/8/11星期三3虚虚拟语气气1）概念概念虚虚拟语气用来表示气用来表示说话人的主人的主观愿望或愿望或假想，所假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事或与事实相反。相反。2）在条件句中的在条件句中的应用用条件句可分条件句可分为两两类，一，一类为真真实条件句，条件句，一一类为非真非真实条件句。非真条件句。非真实条件句表示的条件句表示的是假是假设的或的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用可能性不大的情况，故采用虚虚拟语气。气。2021/8/11星期三4在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。1)1)与现在事实相反：If If 主语 ,主语 +V+V原原 2)2)与过去事实相反：IfIf 主语 ,主语 +have V+have Ve e3)与将来事实相反：If If 主语 ,主语 +V+V原原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)shouldwere toshould(wouldcould,might)had Ved2021/8/11星期三5 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。假设的时间而顶。If the weather had been finer,the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in the hospital.2021/8/11星期三62.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略，并省略，并将这三个词提至句首。将这三个词提至句首。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.If it were not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2021/8/11星期三7If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time,I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood,what should we do?Should there be a flood,what should we do?2021/8/11星期三8注意：注意：在虚在虚拟语气的从句中，气的从句中，动词be的的过去去时态一律用一律用were，不用，不用was，即在从句中即在从句中be用用were代替。代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。儿，一切都会好的。典型例典型例题_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI在虚在虚拟条件状条件状语中如果有中如果有were,should,had这三个三个词主主语提前提前,变成成were,should,had+主主语的形式。但要注意，在虚的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状条件状语从句中，从句中，省略省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的的缩略形式。如我略形式。如我们可可说WereInottodo.,而不能而不能说WerentItodo.2021/8/11星期三91.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been2._ any change about the date,please tell me immediately.A.Will there be B.Should there be C.There will be D.There should be3._ today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leavePractise:2021/8/11星期三104.Should it rain,the crops _.A.would be saved B.would have been saved C.will be saved D.had been saved5.You _ come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.A.would B.should have C.may D.have 6.What should we do if it _ tomorrow?A.should snow B.would snow C.snow D.will snow2021/8/11星期三117.You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A.may not make B.might not make C.shouldnt have made D.might not have made8.If it were not for the fact that you _ ill,I would ask you to do this right now.A.were B.had been C.are D.should be2021/8/11星期三121)如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话,你就不会你就不会感冒了。感冒了。2)要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会。会。3)如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。If you had not slept with the window open,you would not have caught a cold.If I were not to have a test,I would go to the concert tonight.If he were here,he should help us.2021/8/11星期三131.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.Eg.If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday,you would know what we are doing now.If you had followed my advice,you would not be in trouble now.2021/8/11星期三14AnswersA (1)had not studied (3)had studied (5)knew (7)could helpPart A(2)would not be(4)would have(6)would be(8)would not be 2021/8/11星期三152.useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbut fortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals Without air ,there would be no living things.But for your help ,I couldnt have done it.I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)I would have finished the work,but I have been ill.(If I hadnt been ill,I would have finished the work.)(If there were not air)(If it hadnt been for your help)2021/8/11星期三163.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby even if,as if,as thoughandif onlywecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病，他也去办公室。Even if he had been ill,he would have gone t his office.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。He treated me as if I were a stranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.2021/8/11星期三17 Answers(1)Without(3)otherwise/or(5)With(7)even if(9)If onlyPart B(2)otherwise/or(4)wish(6)Without(8)without(10)as if2021/8/11星期三18虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish/if only 现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewoulddo 1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）（现在）2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（过去）（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.（将来）（将来）2021/8/11星期三19 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2021/8/11星期三20IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一我希望和你一样高。高。Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他没他希望他没讲那那样的的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明下雨就好我希望明下雨就好了。了。2）wishtodo表达法。表达法。wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2021/8/11星期三212.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhad done2021/8/11星期三223.Its(about/high)time+thatshould dodid你该走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.2021/8/11星期三234.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词气用法。即从句中的动词使用使用should+动动词原形，或者将词原形，或者将should省略。省略。2021/8/11星期三24我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.2021/8/11星期三25Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：注意：如如suggest,insist不表示不表示建建议或或坚持要某人做某事持要某人做某事时，即它，即它们用于其本意用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持持认为时，宾语从句用从句用陈述述语气气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas2021/8/11星期三26以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire2021/8/11星期三27Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2021/8/11星期三285.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.2021/8/11星期三296.某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!2021/8/11星期三301.(NMET06)Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened2.(05江苏)-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;what D.shouldnotsend;what3.(05湖北)IfI_plantodoanythingIwantedto,IdliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto2021/8/11星期三312021/8/11星期三32I.Multiple choice:1.Wedemandedthatwe_ofanychangeintheplan.A.informedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeeninformed2.Itsnecessarythathe_arecognizedqualification.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.having3.Itshightimewe_ourattentiontothisproblem.A.turnedB.turnC.hadturnedD.wouldturn2021/8/11星期三334.Ifonlyyou_himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didnttoldB.hadnttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottold5.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_herethen.A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldbe6.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_before.A.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented2021/8/11星期三347._ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.Wouldthey8.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe_thelastbus.A.hadcaughtB.shouldhavecaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.caught9.You_theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldnthavewashedB.mustnthavewashedC.cannothavewashedD.neednthavewashed2021/8/11星期三3510.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_ajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegot11.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_himself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure12.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios_after11oclockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplay2021/8/11星期三3613.Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone14.Itisimportantthatenoughmoney_tofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.mustbecollectedC.wascollectedD.canbecollected15.Ifonlythecommittee_theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapprove2021/8/11星期三3716.IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom_tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned17.You_herinherofficelastFriday;shesbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.neednthaveseenB.musthaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.canthaveseen18.Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned2021/8/11星期三3819.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A.isnotstartedB.willnotbestartedC.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted20.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept21.I_hertothepartybutIdidntknowherwell.A.oughthaveinvitedB.wouldhaveinvitedC.shouldinviteD.mayhaveinvited22.You_totowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.A.needntgoB.shouldnotgoC.hadbetternotgoD.neednthavegone2021/8/11星期三3923.-Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomework.A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe24.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadlineA.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent25.Itisimportantthatwe_.A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleaveB.willclosethewindowbeforeweleaveC.mustclosethewindowbeforeweleaveD.closethewindowbeforeweleave2021/8/11星期三40II.Translation:1.我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。I didnt know his telephone number,otherwise I would have telephoned him.2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。-Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?-Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.2021/8/11星期三414如果你昨晚没有看电影那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。If you hadnt seen that film late last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.5.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。Without electricity,human life would be quite different today2021/8/11星期三422021/8/11星期三432021/8/11星期三44