新课标英语选修9Unit2教学课件 新课标 人教.ppt

Warming upWarming upWarming upWarming upUnit22021/8/8 星期日1the Arctic Oceanthe Indian Oceanthe Pacific Oceanthe Atlantic Ocean2021/8/8 星期日2 What is the difference between What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer?a navigator and an explorer?2021/8/8 星期日3Navigator seanautical instrumentsfind new islands or continentsNavigator is somebody who finds the position and plots the course of a ship using maps and instruments.2021/8/8 星期日4Explorerlanduse of compass and landmarksfind new places within an already identified island or continentExplorer is somebody who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.Very often navigators are also explorers.2021/8/8 星期日52021/8/8 星期日6 In the year between 1405 and 1433,seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration.Under the command of Zheng He,the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea,and then traveled further south,discovering the eastern coast of Africa.2021/8/8 星期日7 He renewed relations with the Kingdoms of the East African coast.One African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present:two giraffes.2021/8/8 星期日82021/8/8 星期日9 About 700 years ago a young trader from Italy took a long trip to Cathay.Cathay is known as China today.He went with his father and uncle,who had traveled there once before.They stayed in China for about two decades.The young mans name was Marco Polo.He was liked by the leader in China at the time.2021/8/8 星期日10 He knew four languages and traveled around the kingdom for the leader.When Marco Polo returned to Italy,he dictated his story to a writer.He told of the Chinese postal system,paper money,and the use of coal as fuel.2021/8/8 星期日11James Cook2021/8/8 星期日12 James Cook(1728-1779)was the greatest Britain navigator.Cook enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1755.In 1768 he was promoted and sent to the Pacific where he surveyed Tahiti,New Zealand,and Australia.On his famous second expedition(1772-1775)he explored Antarctica.In 1776 he undertook his third and final voyage in which he explored2021/8/8 星期日13 the West Coast of North America and tried to locate a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.On this voyage he discovered the Hawaiian Islands,and sailed up the coast of North America through the Bering Straits to the Arctic Ocean.On his return he was killed by Hawaiian islanders.2021/8/8 星期日14Explanation1.navigator 1.navigator n.n.导航者导航者导航者导航者,领航员领航员领航员领航员 navigate navigate vi.vi.航行航行航行航行,航海航海航海航海,航空航空航空航空 vt.vt.航行于航行于航行于航行于,驾驶驾驶驾驶驾驶,操纵操纵操纵操纵,使通使通使通使通过过过过 They They navigatednavigated with difficulty through with difficulty through the crowd.the crowd.他们在人群中坚难行进。他们在人群中坚难行进。他们在人群中坚难行进。他们在人群中坚难行进。navigation navigation n.n.航海，航行航海，航行航海，航行航海，航行 navigational navigational adj.adj.航海的，航行的航海的，航行的航海的，航行的航海的，航行的2021/8/8 星期日15ReadingListen to the tape2021/8/8 星期日16compasscompass2021/8/8 星期日17astrolabeastrolabe2021/8/8 星期日18The astrolabeThe astrolabe measures the height and measures the height and position of the sun.If you can measure position of the sun.If you can measure this accurately,a sailor can tell how this accurately,a sailor can tell how many degrees the boat is from the many degrees the boat is from the North Pole.From this he can tell North Pole.From this he can tell where the boat is in the ocean.where the boat is in the ocean.2021/8/8 星期日19sextant2021/8/8 星期日20The sextantThe sextant is a navigational is a navigational instrument for measuring the angle instrument for measuring the angle between the horizon and some object between the horizon and some object in the sky.in the sky.2021/8/8 星期日21quadrantquadrant2021/8/8 星期日22nautical chartnautical chart2021/8/8 星期日23Nautical chartsNautical charts are maps of the depth are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the of the sea and the currents of the oceans.They provide modern sailors oceans.They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas,rather with routes through the seas,rather like roads through the countryside.like roads through the countryside.The information began to be The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever and has continued to be updated ever since.since.2021/8/8 星期日24ReadingComprehension2021/8/8 星期日25Comprehending1.Read the passage and answer the following questions.1)What is the use of a bearing circle,astrolabe,quadrant or sextant?()What is the use of a compass?()A.To set the course of the ship B.To measure the position of the ship C.To measure the speed of the ship D.To tell the timeAB2021/8/8 星期日264.Read the passage again 4.Read the passage again and use the information to and use the information to analyse the navigational analyse the navigational skillsskills.2021/8/8 星期日27Using nature1.To find the ships position at sea a sailor 1.To find the ships position at sea a sailor used used the North Star and the sun.the North Star and the sun.2.A sailor knew that land was nearby if he 2.A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _saw _ _._.3.Sailors used 3.Sailors used _ _to increase their speed._to increase their speed.fresh seaweed,nesting birds returning fresh seaweed,nesting birds returning home in the evening or foghome in the evening or fog sea currents or tides and sea currents or tides and windswinds2021/8/8 星期日28Sextant:an updated version of the an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more quadrant and so it was more accurate,to measure the accurate,to measure the angle between two fixed angle between two fixed points outside the ship(using points outside the ship(using two mirrors to find the ships two mirrors to find the ships position).position).2021/8/8 星期日291.How 1.How do you thinkdo you think seamen found seamen found their way before modern accurate their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were methods of navigation were inventedinvented?在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,你认为航海员是怎样探路的你认为航海员是怎样探路的你认为航海员是怎样探路的你认为航海员是怎样探路的?Explanation on P11Explanation on P112021/8/8 星期日30这是一个这是一个这是一个这是一个“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+do you think+do you think”的双重疑问句结构。除的双重疑问句结构。除的双重疑问句结构。除的双重疑问句结构。除thinkthink以外以外以外以外believebelieve，guess,supposeguess,suppose等词也可以用于此结构。等词也可以用于此结构。等词也可以用于此结构。等词也可以用于此结构。What What do you supposedo you suppose has happened to him?has happened to him?在在在在I thinkI thinkbelievebelieveguessguesssuppose/suppose/imagineimagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。否定词应该前移，即否定转移。否定词应该前移，即否定转移。否定词应该前移，即否定转移。I dont think he will comeI dont think he will comeI think he will not comeI think he will not come正正误误2021/8/8 星期日311.I believe he is an honest man,_2.We dont think Tom has broken the regulations,_3.Mary guessed his father must have bought her a beautiful shirt,_ Isnt he?has he?didnt she2021/8/8 星期日32 invent invent vtvt发明，创作；虚构，杜撰发明，创作；虚构，杜撰发明，创作；虚构，杜撰发明，创作；虚构，杜撰Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell invented invented the the telephone in 1876.telephone in 1876.18761876年阿历山大年阿历山大年阿历山大年阿历山大 格雷厄姆格雷厄姆格雷厄姆格雷厄姆 贝尔发明了电贝尔发明了电贝尔发明了电贝尔发明了电话。话。话。话。The whole story wasThe whole story was invented invented.整个故事是虚构的。整个故事是虚构的。整个故事是虚构的。整个故事是虚构的。inventor inventor n n发明者，发明家，创造者发明者，发明家，创造者发明者，发明家，创造者发明者，发明家，创造者 invention invention n n发明，创造；发明物发明，创造；发明物发明，创造；发明物发明，创造；发明物2021/8/8 星期日33discoverdiscover：inventinvent：Gilbert _electricity,but Edison Gilbert _electricity,but Edison _the electric light bulb._the electric light bulb.Who _America?Who _America?Who _the computer?Who _the computer?客观存在，被人发现客观存在，被人发现客观存在，被人发现客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？谁发明了电脑？2021/8/8 星期日342.work out 2.work out to calculate an answer,amount,price,to calculate an answer,amount,price,or value or value 计算计算计算计算 to think about sth.and manage to to think about sth.and manage to understand it understand it 设法弄懂设法弄懂设法弄懂设法弄懂 to think carefully about how you are to think carefully about how you are going to do sth.and plan a good way of going to do sth.and plan a good way of doing it doing it 精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排2021/8/8 星期日35eg.eg.See if you can See if you can work outwork out this bill.this bill.The plot is so complicated that itll The plot is so complicated that itll take you a while to take you a while to work work it it out out.计算计算弄明白弄明白2021/8/8 星期日36 I cant work out Geoff;one day hes friendly,the next day he ignores me completely.I havent worked out whos gong to look after the kids tonight.明白明白计划计划2021/8/8 星期日373.latitude3.latitude Our position is Our position is latitudelatitude 40 degrees north.40 degrees north.我们的位置是北纬我们的位置是北纬我们的位置是北纬我们的位置是北纬4040度。度。度。度。2021/8/8 星期日384.longitude4.longitudeOur position is longitude 116 degrees east.我们的位置是东经我们的位置是东经116度。度。2021/8/8 星期日395.identify5.identify vt vt.把把把把等同于等同于等同于等同于;认出认出认出认出,鉴定鉴定鉴定鉴定,认为同一认为同一认为同一认为同一I I identifiedidentified the jacket at once the jacket at once；it was my it was my brothersbrothersHe He identifiesidentifies beauty with goodness beauty with goodnessidentify oneself withidentify oneself with 与与与与有联系有联系有联系有联系,支支支支持持持持He preferred not to He preferred not to identify himself withidentify himself with that group.that group.2021/8/8 星期日40identification n.辨认辨认,鉴定鉴定,证明证明,视为同一视为同一identity n.同一性同一性,身份身份,一致一致,特性特性,恒等式恒等式identity card 身份证身份证2021/8/8 星期日411.We 1.We may wellmay well wonder how seamen wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and explored the oceans before latitude and longitude longitude made it possible to plotmade it possible to plot a ships a ships position on a map.position on a map.在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。海上探险的。海上探险的。海上探险的。ReadingPage 1 2021/8/8 星期日42 may/might wellmay/might well 很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能 These are excellent photographs and we These are excellent photographs and we may wellmay well use them in our magazine.use them in our magazine.这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。们用在我们的杂志上。们用在我们的杂志上。们用在我们的杂志上。You You might wellmight well find that youll need more find that youll need more by the weekend.by the weekend.到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。2021/8/8 星期日43 主语主语主语主语+think+thinkfeelfeelmakemakeconsider+it consider+it+n n.adj.adj.+for+forof sb.to doof sb.to do其中其中其中其中it it为形式宾语，为形式宾语，为形式宾语，为形式宾语，forforofof引出动词不定式引出动词不定式引出动词不定式引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。我认为学好英语对他很重要。我认为学好英语对他很重要。我认为学好英语对他很重要。我认为学好英语对他很重要。我已经表明我反对这个计划。我已经表明我反对这个计划。我已经表明我反对这个计划。我已经表明我反对这个计划。I think it important for him to learn English wellI have made it clear that I object to the plan.2021/8/8 星期日442.The 2.The voyages voyages of travelers before the of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not 17th century show that they were not at at the mercy ofthe mercy of the sea the sea even thougheven though they did they did not have modern navigational aids.not have modern navigational aids.1717世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。的支配。的支配。的支配。2021/8/8 星期日45voyagevoyage n.n./vi.vi.航海航海航海航海,航行航行航行航行The The voyagevoyage from England to India used from England to India used to take six months.to take six months.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。go on/make/take a sea voyage go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager voyager n.n.航行者航行者航行者航行者,航海者航海者航海者航海者2021/8/8 星期日46trip trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行指休闲或因商的短途旅行指休闲或因商的短途旅行指休闲或因商的短途旅行journeyjourney 指从一地出发直达目的地的长指从一地出发直达目的地的长指从一地出发直达目的地的长指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。之意。之意。之意。travel travel 常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。念。念。念。trip,journey,travel,voyage,tour2021/8/8 星期日47voyage 强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。或游历。tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。系列地方后再回到原出发点。e.g.We will have a comfortable voyage to the Far East through air.我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。2021/8/8 星期日48The The journeyjourney to the seaside will take not to the seaside will take not more than two days.more than two days.到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。I at once began making preparations for I at once began making preparations for a a triptrip home.home.我马上开始为回家做准备。我马上开始为回家做准备。我马上开始为回家做准备。我马上开始为回家做准备。2021/8/8 星期日49Our American friends are making a Our American friends are making a tourtour of Shanghai.of Shanghai.我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。行。行。行。He came back home after years of He came back home after years of foreignforeign travel travel.在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。2021/8/8 星期日50 They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.A.trip B.travel C.voyage D.tour2021/8/8 星期日51 at the mercy ofat the mercy ofwithout any protection against;helpless without any protection against;helpless before before 任由任由任由任由摆布；在摆布；在摆布；在摆布；在面前无助面前无助面前无助面前无助 They were lost at sea,They were lost at sea,at the mercy ofat the mercy of wind and weather.wind and weather.他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气任凭风和天气任凭风和天气任凭风和天气的摆布。的摆布。的摆布。的摆布。I dont like to be I dont like to be at the mercy ofat the mercy of such a man.such a man.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。2021/8/8 星期日52have mercy on/show mercy to have mercy on/show mercy to 对对对对表示怜悯表示怜悯表示怜悯表示怜悯The terrorists showed no mercy to the The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地毫不留情地毫不留情地The mother left the dying baby in the The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。2021/8/8 星期日53Its a mercy(that)(Its a mercy(that)(口口口口)幸运的是幸运的是幸运的是幸运的是,幸亏幸亏幸亏幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运运运运)Its a mercy the accident happened so Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。2021/8/8 星期日54 even though=even if even though=even if 虽然虽然虽然虽然,即使即使即使即使 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句A.A.引导把握不大或假设的事情引导把握不大或假设的事情引导把握不大或假设的事情引导把握不大或假设的事情 Even if we achieve great success in Even if we achieve great success in our work,we should not be proud.our work,we should not be proud.即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。也不能骄傲。也不能骄傲。也不能骄傲。2021/8/8 星期日55即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。问题。.即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。He will have problems in finding a job even if he can pa