2022年人教版英语八年级上册第二单元短语语法知识点总结.docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - Unit 2 How often do you exercise. 一、词组、短语：01、help with housework 帮忙做家务活,02、go shopping 购物,03、on weekends 在周末,17、go to bed early 早睡,18、 play sports 锤炼身体,19、be good for 对 有好处,04、how often 多久一次,20、go camping 去野营,05、hardly ever 几乎不,21、in ones free time 在某人的闲暇时间,06、once a week 每周一次,22、not .at all 根本不,07、twice a month 每月二次,23、the most popular 最流行,08、go to the movies 去看电影,24、such as 例如,09、every day 每天,25、go to the dentist 去看牙医,10、use the Internet 上网 /用网,26、more than 超过 /多于,11、be free 有空,27、Old habits die hard. 旧习惯难改；12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课,28、 hard=difficult 困难的,13、swing dance 摇摆舞29、less than 少于 / 不到14、play tennis 打网球,15、stay up late 熬夜,16、at least 至少,二、重要句子（语法） ：What do you usually do on weekends. 你周末通常做什么？What do they do on weekends. 他们周末干什么？What does she do on weekends. 她周末干什么？How often do you go to the movies. 你多久看电影一次？I always exercise.总是锤炼身体；They often help with housework. 他们常常帮忙干家务活；She sometimes goes shopping.她有时购物；I go to the movies maybe once a month. 可能一个月看一次；How often does he watch TV. 他多久看电视一次？Do you go shopping. 你购物吗？He hardly ever watches TV.他几乎不看电视；No, I never go shopping. 不,我从来就不购物；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 三、习惯用法、搭配01. help sb. with sth 帮忙某人做某事 有多少08. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事02. How about . =What about . .怎么样？09. by doing sth. 通过做某事03. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事10. What s your favorite . 你最喜爱的 是什么？04. How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句11 start doing sth. 开头做某事05. 主语 + find+ that 从句 发觉12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式06. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的07. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时间四、词语辨析Section A 1. help with housework 帮忙做家务（教材第9 页）帮忙某人做某事（1） help with sth. 意为“ 帮忙做某事” 拓展：help sb. with sth.= help sb. （to） do sth. Eg: I often help him with his English.= I often help him to learn English. （2）housework 意为“ 家务劳动”；不行数名词；我常常帮他学习英语；1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much 2. sometimes 有时（教材第9 页）辨析： sometimes ,some times ,sometime , some time sometimes 有时候； =at times 也是“ 有时” 的意思；提问用 how often some times 几次； time 作可数名词时可作“ 次数” 解；表示“ 时间” 时是不行数名词；How mang times sometime 某个时候；可指过去或将来的某个时候；提问用 when some time 一段时间；常与 for 连用；对它提问用 how long ；口诀记忆：分开“ 一段时间”；相聚“ 某个时候”；Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚；I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某个时候我要去上海；He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了；Ill stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间；练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们准备在海南呆一段时间；第 2 页,共 8 页_精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - I am sure that we have met before. 我确定我们之前见过几次了； I 几乎不（教材第9 页）have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信；3. hardly ever hardly ever 相当于 hardly eg：There is hardly any food left. 几乎没有食物剩下；辨析： hardly 与 hard hardly 几乎不,一般位于动词之前；hard 努力,位于动词之后；eg：He hardly works. 他几乎不工作；He works hard. 他工作努力；4. use the Internet 用互联网（教材第 10 页）use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 eg：I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包；短语： on the Internet 在网上, surf the Internet 网上冲浪,上网5. What s your favorite program ？ 你最喜爱的节目是什么？（教材第 10 页）句型： What s your favorite.=What. do you like best ？你最喜爱的 .是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal ？你最喜爱的动物是什么？= _ 6. Are you free next week ？ 你下周有空吗？（教材第 10 页）free 意为“ 闲暇的,有空的”,反义词 busy； be free 意为“ 闲着,有空”eg:：He is free now.他现在有空；拓展： free 仍可译为“ 免费的”Eg：The tickets are free. 票是免费的；7. . next week is quite full for me. 下周对我来说相当忙（教材第10 页）quite full 很忙,相当忙 . ；拓展： full 仍可译为“ 满的,布满的”Eg：The bus was full when they got there. full 仍可译为“ 饱的”；翻译 _ Eg：I cant eat any more ,I am quite full. 我不能再吃了,我相当饱了；相当于第 3 页,共 8 页8. How come. 怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很古怪,有点想不通；可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,疑问句why, 但 how come 开头的特别疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序；How come Tom didn t come to the party. = Why didn t Tom come to the party. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 9. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈课和英语课； （教材第 10 页）have 在此意为“ 上 课”；Eg: Theyre having an English lesson. 他们正在上英语课；扩展： have lessons 上课,Lesson One 第一课10. Well ,how about Tuesday？ 哦,那周二呢？（教材第 10 页）How about. =What about. 意为“ 怎么样？”,用来征求对方的看法；Eg: How about this book. 这本书怎样？How / What about doing sth. . 做 怎么样？Eg：-What will we do on Sunday ？ 星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum ？ 去参观博物馆咋样？1. Its sunny today,What about _ （ play） tennis？（教材第11 页）11. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大致每月去看一次电影；go to the movies _ maybe 意为“ 或许,大致,可能”,常位于句首；Eg：Maybe he knows Tom. 或许他熟悉 Tom；辨析： maybe 和 may be maybe “ 或许,大致,可能”；（一般放句首）Maybe you are right. 或许你是对的；may be “ 可能是,或许是”； 为“ 情态动词You may be right. 你或许是对的；+be 动词” 结构； （位于句中）Lily an English teacher. Lily 可能是一名英语老师；=_ 12. He plays at least twice a week. 他至少每周踢两次（球）；（教材第 11 页）at least 意为“ 至少”；其反义词为at most “ 最多” ；Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school. _ ；Section B 1. But my mother wants me to drink it. 但我妈妈想让我喝它； （教材第12 页）意为“ 不想让某人做某事”；第 4 页,共 8 页want sb. to do sth. 意为“ 想让某人做某事”,否定形式为want sb. not to do sth. Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想让我给她带些钢笔；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 拓展： 1.want sth. 想要某物 Do you want any story books ？你想要些故事书吗？2.want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to visit my uncle. 我想去探望我的叔叔；Do you want （tell ）me anything ？2. She says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有好处；（教材第 12 页）be good for 意为“ 对 有益”；反义词为 be bad for “ 对 有害”；Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处；拓展： be good at 善于 . be good at doing sth. 善于做 . 1.I am good at （play）basketball. 3. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 业余活动的情形； （教材第 12 页）ask sb. about sth. “ 询问某人关于某事”上个月我们向同学询问了他们Eg:I asked my teacher about today s homework. _ ；4. Here are the results. 这是（调查）结果； （教材第 13 页）here 位于句首,句子要倒装；当主语是名词性短语时,要用全倒装,即“当主语是人称代词时,要用半倒装,即“here +谓语 +主语” ；here+ 主语 +谓语” ；Eg：Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克；Here he comes. 他来到这儿； Here comes the bus. 汽车来了；5. twenty percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之 20 的同学根本不锤炼； （教材第 13 页）. 百分数由 percent 来表示,构成：基数词 +percent ；Eg：Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. not. at all 意为“ 一点儿也不,根本不”；男生中 70%喜爱完电脑嬉戏；Eg：I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道；拓展： not at all = you are welcome 意为“ 不用谢,不客气”；Eg：-Thank you for your help. -Not at all. 6. Although many students like to watch sports , game shows are the most popular. 尽管很多同学喜欢看运动类节目,但嬉戏类节目是最受欢迎的；（教材第 13 页）although 连词；意为“ 虽然,尽管”；but 意为“ 但是”；英语中, although 与 but 不能同时使用；Eg：Although it rained ,the boys still played outside. = It rained,but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了,但男孩们仍在外面玩耍；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 1. My cousin knows a lot about geography ,he is only four years old. A. because B. so C. although 7. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 通过上网或看嬉戏类节目是很好的放松方式；（教材第13 页）句中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语；此句型结构为：Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意为 “ （对某人来说）做某事是 的”；Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上课仔细听讲很重要；Its easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很简单；Its very hard for him to study English. _ -I often have hamburgers for unch. -Youd better not. It s bad for you C.eating too much junk food. A.eat B.to eat D. ate 8.Exercise such as playing sports is fun,and you can spend time with your friends and family asyou play together. 比如进行体育活动这方面的锤炼就是好玩的,当你们一起运动的时候你可以和伴侣、家人一起度过时间；（教材第 13 页）such as 意为“ 比如,例如”；Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有很多爱好,比如读书和唱歌；spend 意为“ 度过”或“ 花费（时间、金钱） ” ；Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 来和我们一起度过周末吧；重点： spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间；I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney （ in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花费太多时间看电视；He always spend his time playing football. _ Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I can t too much time that. A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to do 9. However,she has some bad habits,too. 然而她也有一些坏习惯； （教材第 15 页）_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - however 意为“ 然而,不过”；可以位于句首、句中、句末；但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开；Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 辨析： but 和 however她病了,然而她依旧去上班；but 并列连词“ 然而,但是”； 可直接连接前后两个句子,表转折关系；However 副词“ 然而,但是”； 不能直接连接句子,必需用逗号与句子隔开；Eg:1.It began to rain, ,we went out to look for the boy. 天开头下雨了, 但我们仍是出去查找那个男孩了；2. It a sunny morning ,very cold. 这是个晴朗的早晨,但是却很冷；10.She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day. 她通常每天看两个多小时的电视；（教材第 15 页）more than 相当于 over；意为“ 超过,余外”；There are more than 2022 books. _ 11. She says she is afraid. 她说她可怕； （教材第 15 页）afraid 意为“ 担忧的,可怕的”；.be afraid to do sth. 可怕做某事 Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我可怕乘飞机旅行；.be afraid of sb. sth. 可怕某人 某物be afraid of doing sth. 可怕做某事 Eg：She is afraid of the dog. 她可怕那只狗；Dont be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕问问题；be afraid to do sth.= 可怕做某事12. Less than six. 少于 6 小时；（教材第 16 页）Less than 意为“ 不到,少于”；其反义词为more than over “ 余外,超过”第 7 页,共 8 页Eg：She sleeps less than seven hours every night. 他每晚的睡眠时间不到7 小时；We know Tom for 20 years. 我们熟悉 Tom 超过 20 年了13. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率；回答用：once,twice, three times 等词语；How often do you play sports. Three times a week. how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长；How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here. How long is the ruler. how for 多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近；How far is it from here to the park. Its about 2 kilometers. 14.stay up late 指“ 熬夜到很晚,迟睡”； Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“ 熬夜,不睡觉”； He stayed up all night to write his story. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 15.find + 宾语 +名词 , 发觉： We have found him to be a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词 , 发觉：He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词 , 发觉： I found her standing at the door. find +it +形容词 +to do sth. I found it difficult to work out this math proble. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页