2022年八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题.docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动词 一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面依据动词的特点进行归类,并供应一些辨别方法,以便于懂得和把握；1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词）,表示 动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必需加宾语, 意义才完整, 不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语；eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 连系动词本身有肯定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必需与表语一起构成谓语,常见的连系动词有： be, look, sound, get, become 等；eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必需和主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式；常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等；eg: Do you have a brother. Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary. I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态, 情态动词没有人称和数的变化, 情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等；eg: Can you sing the English song. Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 动词的时态：（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情形）发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态, 就是通过特别的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词 be, have（has）等,用来表示动作或大事发生的不同时间和方面；eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. （二）一般现在时：1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外 be 和 have 有特别的人称形式；在加词尾 -s 时要留意：情形 加法 例词_精品资料_ 一般情形加-s reads, writes, says 第 1 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载以 ch, sh, s, x, 或 o 收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再加 -es try tries carrycarries 读音：情形 读法 例词在ptkf 等清辅音后s helps, hates, asks, laughs 在sz t d3 等音后 iz faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges 在其他情形下z plans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示：（1）常常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特点、性格、才能等；eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词 do,does 的方式构成；第三 人称单数加 does ,其他加 do,这时动词一概用原形；动词 be 只需与主语位置对调就行了；eg: Do you like English. Do they have story books. What does she do every evening. Is she at home. Are you good at English. 4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not （dont）或 does not （doesnt）动词原形来构成的, be 动词做谓语动词只需在be 后加 not 构成否定；eg: I don t like oranges at all. She doesn t work in the TV station. They aren t students. m not busy every weekend. I 三. 现在进行时：1. 动词变化：现在进行时由 如下：“ am /is /are动词现在分词 ”构成；加 -ing 的规章（1）一般在动词原形末尾加 -ing ；如：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - staystaying 学习必备欢迎下载dodoing listen listening suffer suffering workworking spend spending looklooking 如：（2）以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加 -ing；如：make making taketaking givegiving ride riding please pleasing refuse refusing close closing operate operating （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母, 再加 -ing；putputting sitsitting runrunning winwinning begin beginning 2. 现在进行时的用法（1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和 now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用；有时用一个动词,如look（看）, listen （听）；eg: What are you reading now. Listen. Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作；eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按方案或支配要进行的动作；现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作,即可以用来 代替将来时；eg: When are you leaving. Are you going to Tibet tomorrow. 3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简洁；否定句在 加 not；疑问句把 be 动词移到主语前；eg: I am not working. What are you reading now. How are you feeling today. The train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般过去时：be（am, is, are ）后面1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语动词 的过去式来表达；构成规章 原形 过去式 一般在动词末尾加 -ed work plant play worked planted _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载played 结尾是 e 的动词在末尾加 -d like live change liked lived changed 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,划）stop drop planned stopped dropped 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加 -ed plan（计以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,先变 y 为 i 再加 -ed carry study cry carried studied cried 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简洁回答I did not work. Did I work. Did I not work. Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work. Did you not work. Yes, I did. No, I didn t. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work. Did he / she / it not work. Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not work. Did we work. Did we not work. Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work. Did you not work. Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did not work. Did they work. Did you they not work. Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般过去时的基本用法：（1）带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时；just now, two days ago, in the old days 等）eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. （eg: yesterday, last year, What did you have for breakfast this morning. （2）表示过去某一段时间内常常或反复发生的动作,这常常和表示频度的状语连用；eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般将来_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. 用法：表示现在准备在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人依据已有的迹 象认为很有可能要发生的事情,be 随着人称的变化变成（ am, is, are ）eg: We are going to have a new subject this year. It s going to rain this afternoon. I m going to be a pilot when I grow up. 2. be going to 的否定句在 be 动词后加上 not；be going to 的疑问句把 be 动 词移到主语前；eg: He isn t going to see his brother tomorrow. I m not going to tell you about it. Whos going to use it. Is your sister going to bring your lunch. What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70 分钟）一. 改错：例 1：The rose dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. The rose is dark red. 3. We haven t a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day. 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair. 12. Does he his homework. 13. A: Do you like your class. B: Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no brother and sister. 二. 连词组句：1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to 4. computer, got, new, you, a, have. 5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on. 6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds 7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do. 8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do. 10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, arent, lot, there, of, are, t三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空：1. There （be）_some glasses on it. 2. He （go）_to the park every day. 3. My uncle （live）_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily （like ）_China. 5. Li Lei （not like ）_ to drink orange soda. 6. The girl （go）_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate （speak ）_ French. Yes, she does. 8. Jim （not ride ）_his bike often. 9. If he （be）_ free tomorrow, he （go）_ with us. 10. As soon as they （get）_ there next month, he （call）_me. 11. _Li Mings father （have ）_ his lunch at home. 12. Tom （not do ）_the morning exercises often. 13. I （be）_ hungry and my sister 14. The baby （have ）_ curly hair. （be）_ thirsty. 15. Everybody （have ）_ a chance to win. 16. I （clean ）_ my room once a week. 17. Nobody （tell）_ them anything. 18. There （be）_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li （teach ）_ the second grade. 20. The boy （watch ）_ TV every evening. 21. Mary （play）_the violin quite well. 22. David （study ）_Chinese and I 23. The game （be）_ interesting. （study ）_ English. 24. Many children （be）_ on the playground. 25. He （have ）_ a good time at your party. 26. I （have ）_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所给词的适当形式填空：1. Tom and his father _（swim ）now. 2. Look. They _ （run）along the street. 3. We _ （practice ）hard these days because we will have a big match next month. 4. What _he _（do）at nine oclock last night. 5. They _ （listen ）to the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_（read ）the text. 7. We _ （watch ）TV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _ （make ）the paper flowers the whole night. 9. A: _ you _ B: Yes, I am. （studying ）English. _精品资料_ 10. Lets go out. It _（not rain ）now. 第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载11. Hurry up. Everybody _（wait）for you. 12. A: _ （you / listen ）to the radio. B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _ （watch ）TV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _ （you / look ）for. B: I _ （look）for my wallet. There is something important in it. 15. Look. It _ （rain）hard. We 五. 选词填空：（一）选词填空：ll get wet if we go out. 1. I _ （am, is, was, were ）busy last week. 2. Tom and I _ （am, are, was, were ）late for school yesterday. 3. I _ （walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day. 4. Rose _（does not, didnt, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last （month ）5. There _ （is, was, are, were ）a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _ （am, is, was, were ）ill in bed last night. 7. It _ （rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year. （二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1. My uncle in London _（send ）a birthday present to me yesterday. 2. When _ （be）you born. 3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he _（phone ）me. 4. When I _ （knock ）at his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _（go）out. 6. He said he _ （not like ）maths at all. （三）用括当的词完成以下句子；1. _you make this cake last night. Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at five yesterday. No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store. I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday. Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish. I _ it in the river near my house. 六. 完成以下句子：1. 你长大了想当什么？我准备当个电脑程序员；What _ you _ _ _ when you _ _. I m _ to _ a _ _. 2. 你哥哥长大了准备当什么？他准备当个专业的篮球运动员；What _ your brother _ _ _ when he _ _. Hes _ to _ a _ _ player. 3. 你准备怎么做？我准备学运算机学；_ are you _ _ _ that. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - I 学习必备欢迎下载m _ _ _ computer _. 4. 你哥哥准备怎么做？他准备每天练篮球；_ is your brother _ _ _. Hes _ _ _ basketball every day. 5. 她准备下学期上一些表演课吗？是的；_ she _ _ _ some _ lessons. Yes, she _. 【试题答案】1. He likes swimming. 2. He can help you. 3. We don t have a good time. 4. What do you do after school every day. 5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish doesnt smell good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left. 8. There are many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses are broken. 10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand. 11. If he doesnt feel well h e will go to visit the History Museum. 12. What colour is her hair. 13. Does he do his homework. 14. A: Do you like your class. B: Yes. I do. 15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening. 16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday. 二. 1. I often listen to the radio in the morning. 2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital. 3. He never goes to the cinema during the weekdays. 4. Have you got a new computer. 5. Does he have a rest on weekends. 6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds. 7. How often do you visit the science museum. 8. Is there any food in the kitchen. 9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day. _精品资料_ 10. There are a lot of vegetables but there arent many apples there. 第 8 页,共 9 页Or: There a re a lot of apples but there arent many vegetables there. 三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn t like6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn t ride9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have 12. doesn t do 13. am, is 14. has15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 19. teaches 20. watches 学习必备欢迎下载21. plays 22. studies, study 23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have 四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing 4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading 7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying 10. isnt raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking 15. is raining 五. （一） 1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not 5. went 5. were 6. was 7. rained 4. knocked （二） 1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 6. didnt liket 3. did, buy 4. was（三） 1. Did, made 2. come, didn5. caught 六. 1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer 2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball. 3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science 4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play 5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页