2022年现在完成时相关的知识点总结 .docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载第一讲 现在完成时和现在完成进行时Summary: 英语的动词时态有四种：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态；现在完成时的构成公式为：have/has+过去分词；现在完成进行时的构成公式为：have/has been +现在分词；现在完成时的基本例句 : 1 We have lived here since1995. 2 I have been to Japan twice. 3 Joan has just finished her homework 其中, 23 描述的是过去发生而与现在情形有关的事物或状态,时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情形；总之,现在完成时表现的是从过去到现在的事情；一、 现在完成时的形式A现在完成时的确定句句型：主语（ I 、we、you 第三人称复数）+have+过去分词主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词例： 1）I have been busy all the day. 2 My father has read todays paper. 3 I have just written the letter. B现在完成时的否定句句型：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词例： 1）The concert hasnt/has not started yet. 2They haven t gotten to London yet. C现在完成时的一般疑问句例： 1）Has the concert started. 2 Have you friend your homework. D现在完成时的特别疑问句,分两种情形a. 疑问句词作主语时句型：疑问句（主语）+have/has+ 过去分词 + ？例： 1）Who has/have bought these apples. （1）描述的是从过去某名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 2Who has made her so sad. B疑问词作主语以外的成分时 句型：疑问词 +have/has+ 主语 +过去分词 + ？例： 1How long have you live here. 2How many times have you been to Spain. 二、现在完成时的用法 1、概述形式用法意义连续表示从过去连续到现在的动作或状态have/has体会表示过去某一是可到现在的体会过去分词完成表示现在刚完成的动作成果表示现在是“ 做了 ” 的结果例： 1）连续 He has been sick since last week. 2 体会 I have visited Tokyo twice. Have you ever been to Hawaii. 3 完成 I have just finished my homework. Has he finished his work yet. 4 结果 My father has become a lawyer. I have lost my dictionary. 下面分别阐述其用法 2、表示连续的现在完成时例： 1）确定句： Li Ming s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years. 2 否定句： We havent seen each other all this month. 3 疑问句： How long have you know your boy friend. A基本用法 表示连续意义的现在完成时,说明过去的动作始终连续到现在,也就是说从过去某时开头 的动作、状态始终连续到现在；此时,往往用和现在有关的表示一段时间的时间状语；名师归纳总结 例： 1）I began to study English three years ago.过去试 第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2）I still study English now.学习必备欢迎下载现在式 3）I have studied English since three years ago. 图示：现在完成时Have+过去分词 过去某时 现在时牢记：表连续的动词已经学习了；have stayed; have known 已经熟悉了 have studied have worked ； have been to； have used ；have taught have wanted to; have lived B常用的时间状语 表示连续的现在完成时,常和以下时间状语连用for+ 时间 since+ 过去某时 all this week often today recently all day up to now 直到现在 so far 到目前为止lately always till/until now in the past years these days this week during the past （years 、month）3、表示体会的现在完成时 例： 1）确定句： I have seen the film three times. ve never seen the film. 2 否定句： I 3 疑问句： Have you ever been to U.K. A基本用法表示体会的现在完成时,说明从过去起到现在的体会,即从过去到现在之间曾经经受过或做过的事情；B常用的时间状语 Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many times 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C have/has been的用法学习必备欢迎下载形式意义用法Have/has been to 表示“ 曾经去过 ”体会Have/has been in 表示“ 到去过了 ”完成表示“ 曾在 ”体会表示“ 始终在 ”连续例： a. have been to I have been to the summer palace twice.体会 完成 I have been to the museum to see the exhibition. b. have been in Have you ever been in America. 体会 We have been in home for the whole day. 连续 插曲： be 动词的过去分词Be 动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数都要用 been 表示例： We have been tired these days 区分： I am happy.（一般现在时） I was happy.（一般过去时） I have been happy.（现在完成时）4表示完成,结果的现在完成时例： 1）My father has just gone out. 结果 2）I have closed the window. 完成 3）Mr.Li has gone to Australia. 结果 A表示完成的用法I ve just finished my homework. They have gone to GuiLin. B表示结果的用法例 1、1I opened the door. 2The door is open now. 3I have opened the door. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例 2、（1）John bought a dictionary. 2Now John has a new dictionary. 3John has bought a new dictionary. 牢记：表结果的现在完成经常见动词；make become go come lose grow sell buy fall C常见的时间状语（副词）already just yet句末 句中 三、现在完成时的留意事项1、just now和 just的区分 just now用在一般过去时just用在现在完成时例： 1）We had an English lesson just now. 2 We have just had an English lesson. 2、today 等时间状语的运用运用 today ,this morning ,this afternoon 况而定；等时间状语时,时态要依据说话的详细情例： 1）He didn t do his homework this afternoon.他今日下午没有做功课； He hasnt done his homework this afternoon.他今日下午仍没有做功课呢； 2）He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didn t catch the bus. 3He has been very busy today. 3、几种时态表示同一意思（截至到说话时,仍是在今日,他们很忙）例： 1He left china two years ago. 2It is two years since he left china. 3He has away from china for 2 years. 四、现在完成进行时区分：现在完成时侧重于动作的结速或完成；进行；例： 1）I have opened the can. 而现在完成进行时侧重于动作的未终止和连续 2 I have been writing the letter since then. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1、现在完成进行时的形式：1）主动语态：主语 +have/has+ 现在分词（ doing ）2）被动语态：主语 +have/has been+ 过去分词 done 例： Have you been waiting for him all the day. 2、用法a. 在强调动作仍未终止,仍要连续下去时,不能用现在完成时,而要用现在完成进行时；例： I ve been writing the composition for two hours,but I havent finished it yet. b. 动作不包含连续意思的动词,要用现在完成进行时,表示连续到现在的动作；例： The artist has been painting the painting. c. 现在完成进行时也用来表示一种在现在以前这个阶段反复发生的事；例： He has promsing me to help you.Hasnt he done it. d. 有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时；1）表状态的动词 be, have ,exist 2）表感情的动词 like,love , hate ,detest 3）表示感觉的动词 see ,hear , know,feel ,sound 例： 1）He has had a cold for a week. 2I have heard the news since last week. 3、常用的时间状语： （与表连续的现在完成时相同）for+ 时间； since; these years; recently; all the time; how long例： 1）They have been talking all the night. 2 How long has it been raining. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 学习必备欢迎下载第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -