新编研究生英语综合教程(上册)完形填空clos.ppt

Thetwomostimportantethicalconceptsinthepeerreviewprocessareconfidentialityandprotectionofintellectualproperty.Reviewersshouldnotknowtheauthor(orauthors)theyare1,andtheauthor(orauthors)shouldnotbetoldthenamesofthereviewers.Onlyby2strictconfidentialityguidelinescanthepeerreviewprocessbetrulyopenandbeneficial.3,nopersoninvolvedinthepeerreviewprocess4theeditor,reviewers,orotherjournalstaffcanpublicly5theinformationinthearticleorusetheinformationinasubmittedarticleforpersonalgain.unit 11.A.examiningB.reviewingC.censoringD.inspecting1.A.maintainingB.remainingC.reservingD.preserving1.3.A.Likewise B.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Nevertheless4.A.neitherB.norC.bothD.either5.A.uncoverB.revealC.discloseD.exposePeerreviewers,inadditiontomaintaining6,canbeneitherconflictednorpoliticalintheirreview.Conflictsmaytakethe7offinancialconflictswiththeresults,conflictsiftheresearchistoosimilartotheirownresearch8,andconflictsduetopersonalrelationshipswiththeauthor(orauthors).Politicalmotivationsthatmight9withthepeerreviewprocessincludecompetitiontopublish10otherscientistsandinaccuratereviewsdesignedto“punish”acompetingcolleagueorjournal.III Cloze6.A.confidentialitB.intimacyC.familiarityD.intelligibility7.A.shapeB.silhouetteC.formD.metamorphosis8.A.intentsB.purposesC.endeavorsD.desires9.A.interfereB.interveneC.disturbD.interrupt10.A.forB.byC.withD.inEditorsmayfinditdifficulttoguaranteeaconflict-freepeerreview11,becausereviewersmustbeexpertswithknowledgeuniquetothefield12whichthearticlepertains.Therefore,manyreviewersmayfindthemselvesfacedwithan13concerningresearchthatisverysimilartotheirown.Peerreviewersshoulddiscloseallconflictsofinterestthatmayundulyinfluencetheirreviewtothejournaleditorand14themselveswhenappropriate.11.A.processB.courseC.experienceD.result11.12.A.withB.ofC.toD.on13.A.analysis11.B.articleC.anecdoteD.anthology14.A.recommend11.B.applaudC.disqualifyD.discreditEditorsofjournalsshouldmaintainanopenandethicalpeerreviewprocess,andallsubmittingauthorsandreadersshouldbefully15ofajournalsprocessofpeerreview.Editorsdoretainflexibilityinassigningthenumberofpeerreviewersandwhattodowiththepeerreviewinformationoncecompleted.15.A.awareB.criticalC.fondD.proudOnemethodisforaneditorto16twoorthreereviewersandthenaskanauthor(orauthors)tochangethearticletosatisfyallthereviews.Ontheotherhand,aneditormay17allthereviewsandconsolidatetheadvicetohelpguidetheauthor(orauthors)whenmakingchanges,clarifications,andcorrections.Editorsmustnotrelinquishtoomanyoftheirownresponsibilitiestopeerreviewers.16.A.touchB.approachC.contactD.connect17.A.rejectB.takeC.refuseD.receiveThepeerreviewprocessrepresentsone18inthepublishingprocessandeditorsneedtotakefullresponsibilityfortheirdecisionto19anarticleintheirjournal.Thismeansthateditorsmustreviewthecontentandcharacterofasubmittedarticle,usingallthecriterialistedforreviewersabove,andshouldrelyonthereviewersprimarilytocatcherrorsthatlie20theeditorsareaofexpertiseandtechnicalunderstanding.18.A.stepB.moveC.partD.act19.A.excludeB.involveC.includeD.remove20.A.insideB.withinC.outsideD.besideExercise IV.ClozeAmericansbelievethatcompetitionbringsoutthebestinanyindividual.They1thatitchallengesorforceseachpersontoproducetheverybest2ishumanlypossible.3,theforeignvisitorwillseecompetition4fosteredintheAmericanhomeandintheAmericanclassroom,even5theyoungestagelevel.unit 31.A.assetB.assumeC.assemble1.D.assess2.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what1.3.A.ControversiallyB.ContinuallyC.Consequently 1.D.Conspicuously4.A.beingB.is1.C.beD.tobe5.A.B.toC.in1.D.onVeryyoungchildren,forinstance,areencouragedtoanswerquestions6whichtheirclassmatesdonotknowtheanswer.Youmayfindthecompetitivevalue7,especiallyifyoucomefromasocietythat8cooperation9competition.ButmanyU.S.PeaceCorpsvolunteersteachinginThirdWorldcountriesfoundthelackofcompetitivenessinaclassroomsituationequally10.III Cloze6.A.forB.ofC.toD.at7.A.accessibleB.distrustfulC.acceptableD.disagreeable8.A.promotesB.enhancesC.increasesD.raisesA.otherthanB.ratherthanC.betterthanD.morethan10.A.distressedB.distortingC.distressingD.distortedTheysoonlearnedthat11theythoughttobeoneofthe12humancharacteristics13onlyapeculiarlyAmerican(orWestern)value.Americans,14competition,havedevisedaneconomicsystemto15itfreeenterprise.III Cloze11.A.whatB./C.whichD.all12.A.unblemishedB.ultimateC.universalD.unique13.A.reprovedB.repressedC.reproachedD.represented14.A.valueB.valuingC.valuesD.valued15.A.gowithB.goforC.goagainstD.goalongAmericansfeelstronglythata16competitiveeconomywill17thebestinitspeopleand,ultimately,thatthesocietythatfosterscompetitionwillprogress18rapidly.Ifyoulookforit,youwillsee19inallareaseveninfieldsas20asmedicine,thearts,education,andsportsthatfreeenterpriseistheapproachmostoftenpreferredinAmerica.III Cloze16.A.mostlyB.greatlyC.largelyD.highly17.A.bringupB.bringoffC.capacityD.bringthrough18.A.themostB.mostC.themoreD.amost19.A.evidenceB.witnessC.testimonialD.verification20.A.diverseB.reverseC.converseD.averseAs an organizer and activist,I think a lot about the strategies that will build momentum for our movement,and eventually push us over the tipping point of cultural and political change.Typically,we use_(1)_strategies like the base-building that Invisible Children did,to generate linear growth:_(2)_each intern could bring two more people on board,that would build a small army of activists ready to_(3)_.But this kind of growth can never provide the lift or political power that,_(4)_example,Invisible Children needed,to put Joseph Kony on the top of the agenda in Washington DC.That took a timely film,calibrated to a growing base,and a lot of (5)_.Lets call it 40%planning and 60%chance.unit41.A.organizing B.organized C.to organize D.being organized2.A.that B.which1.C.if D.how3.A.to mobilize B.for mobilizing2.C.to be mobilized 1.D.with mobilizing2.4.A.as B.for C.with D.without5.A.choices 1.B.opportunities C.possibilites D.chanceIn the case of the Caines Arcade filmmaker,(6)_proportion of planning to chance was even less:maybe 5%planning and 95%chance.He was prepared to_(7)_ any opportunity that came his way_(8)_he had the filmmaking skills,the storytelling lens and enough humility to wait for a good story to land.But there_(9)_have been no way to predict who he would meet when_ _(10)_ a car repair shop or how viral the piece would become.III Cloze6.A.a B.the C.this D.that 7.A.take advantage of B.make advantage of C.use advantage of D.put advantage of8.A.that B.in which C.where D.because9.A.can B.must C.may D.could10.A.is looking for B.looking for C.are looking for D.am looking for So what is the role of the(11)_,the moment,the story that is impossible to foreshadow?Like Invisible Children,we build infrastructures and bureaucracies to(12)_the unknown;we run regression analyses on risk_(13)_measure tracking errors on the stock market;we plan political campaigns around weather events;we look to religion for_(14)_.Its striking that with both the Invisible Children founders and the filmmaker I met at the party,preparation was key,but when the critical moment came,the plans(15)_the window.How well do we understand the limits to planning and strategizing?III ClozeIII Cloze11.A.known B.knowing C.unknown D.knowledge12.A.deal in B.deal with 11.C.deal at D.deal for13.A.and B.but C.to11.D.at14.A.explanation B.response C.encouragement D.motivation15.A.came out B.took out11.C.put out12.D.went out III ClozeIII ClozeTheresclearlyanopportunitycostofdoingnothingsittingaroundwaitingforastorytofallonyour_(16)_doesntseemlikeaneffectivewayofmakingchangeintheworld,oraparticularlygooduseofmoneyandtime.Attheotherendofthespectrum,(17)_weinvestmillionstobuildabaseandpersuadeotherstojoinoureffort,sendouthundredsofemailsandgeneratecampaignaftercampaign,bootstrappingourway_(18)_realpoliticalmomentum,we16.A.knee B.nose C.head D.lap17.A.where B.when C.which D.how18.A.into B.for C.towards D.throughoften forget the role that chance plays.But(19)_ the best-planned campaigns and organizing efforts cant provide the necessary lift fast enough without quickly taking advantage of new stories that fall on our laps.We need to build new kinds of social(20)_ and tell new kinds of stories that dont resist the unknown,but embrace it as part of our work.Or maybe we just need to get in the car and go look for a new door handle.III Cloze III Cloze19.A.for B.to C.even D.with20.A.issues B.infrastructure C.problem D.developIII.ClozeWhenwedecidedtodoanarticleabouthospicecarefortheJuly issue,we learned so muchmost notably howempowering it can be for patients navigating their finaldays.”Ihadseveralfriendswhohadusedhospicewhenalovedonewas1,”saysJulieBain,LHJshealthdirector.“Theyalltoldmeitwasoneofthebestdecisionstheydevermadeandprovidedsomuchcomfortandpeaceatan2difficulttime.”Thats3wedecidedtocreateaphotoessayshowingwhatitsliketobeahospicenurse,caringforpatientswhowanttodieascomfortablyaspossibleintheir own homes.(Thats nurse Jill Campbell,above,ofGilchristHospiceCareinBaltimore,whichrecentlywonanawardfromtheAmericanHospitalAssociation4itsinnovativecare.)COSTS ARE COVEREDWhenhospicecarestartedtobecome5intheUnitedStates in the 1970s,it was mostly for end-stage cancerpatients.UNIT6 III Cloze1.A.dead B.dying C.die D.diedA.credible B.credibly C.incredible D.incredibly3.A.why 1.B.when C.where D.how4.A.in B.to C.for D.on5.A.believableB.describable C.touchableD.availableWhilecancerdiagnosesstillaccount6athirdofhospiceadmissions,peoplewithotherterminaldiseasessuchasheartdiseaseanddementianowmakeupthe7,accordingtotheNationalHospiceandPalliativeCareOrganization.Weweresurprisedtolearnthateveryones8toend-of-lifecare,whetheryouhavetheabilitytopayornot.Thecostsareusuallycoveredby9plans,MedicareorMedicaid.BUT MANY PATIENTS WAIT UNTIL ITS TOO LATETheuseofhospiceservicesisonthe10,butsomepeoplestillthinkofitasgivingup.Asaresult,morethanathirdofhospicepatientsdontstartpalliativecareuntiltheyhavejustdayslefttolive.“Peoplearesoafraidtomakethedecision.6.A.for B.to C.with D.as7.A.minority B.majority C.major D.minor8.A.attached B.restrained C.entitled D.confined9.A.assurance B.endurance C.ensurance D.insurance10.A.raise B.rise C.rose D.rateButwhenyoudecidetogetallthehospicesupportsearlieron,likeLindaSchuberth(oneofthepatientsinourstory)did,youcanmakethatlimitedtimesomuchbetter,”saysDianaK.Sugg,thePulitzerPrize-winningwriterwetappedtofollowCampbellforourstory.SuggworkedcloselywithPulitzer-winningphotographerMonicaLopossaytocapturethe11andpoignantimages.ITHELPSTHEFAMILYTOPREPAREANDACCEPTThiswasaspecialstorytoourstaffers12havepersonalexperiencewithhospicecare.AssistanteditorAmeliaHarnishwasonly15yearsoldwhenherdadwas13withhepatitisC.Fouryears14,herfamilychosehospicewhenothertreatmentsfailed.“Thescariestpartwasthenightthathedied,”she15.III ClozeIII Cloze11.A.heartwarm B.warmheart C.heartwarming D.warmhearting12.A.who B.whom C.which D.as13.A.diagnose B.diagnosing C.diagnosed D.to diagnose14.A.after B.earlier C.before D.later15.A.recalls B.forgets C.regrets D.reminds III ClozeIII Cloze“Youre never prepared for something like that,and at thetime,Iwasbarely20yearsold.Thehospicenursewastheretoexplaintouswhatwashappening,andto16hewasntinpain.Withoutthatsenseofcomfort,Idontknowhowmyfamilycouldhavehandledit.”IT KEEPS PATIENTS COMFORTABLE AND PAIN-FREEFor senior editor and digital director Amanda Wolfe,thedecisiontoplacehermotherinhospicecareattheendofherbattlewithovariancancerwasdifficult,but17it.“Ireallybelievethathospiceisagifttoboththedyingpersonandtheirfamily:Mymotherpassedawayinherhome,18byherdaughters,andintheleastamountofpain.Hospicemadeitpossibleforhertodieinpeace,”Wolfesays.Ourstoryhastoucheda19,andmanypeoplehavesharedit on Facebook and written thoughts about their ownexperienceswithhospice.Wehopeyoullreadourstory“ItDoesntHaveToBeSad,”thinkaboutitanddiscussyourownwisheswithyourlovedones.Andpleaseleavea20ifyouhaveanythoughtsyoudliketosharewithothers.16.A.make up B.make sure C.make right D.make time17.A.worthy B.worthless C.worth D.unworthy18.A.surround B.surrounds C.surrounding D.surrounded19.A.tear B.nerve C.tone D.string20.A.comment B.contact C.message D.tipIfsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenas1tothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredrentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuys2materialsorequipment.Thelackofimportance3tohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporation4.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offatthe5ofthecorporatehierarchy.unit71.A.centralB.centerC.concentrated 1.D.centimeter2.A.newB.rawC.saw D.caw1.3.A.reached B.linkedC.attached1.D.latch4.A.hierarchyB.title 1.C.managementD.leadership5.A.lineB.ropeC.end 1.D.edgeTheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayof6,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportant7,aftertheCEO,inthefirmshierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamounts8ontrainingtheirworkforces,infactthey9lessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighly10onprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.III Cloze6.A.comparisonB.observationC.contrastD.competition7.A.executionB.exerciseC.eliminationD.executive8.A.spentB.costC.takenD.focusedA.betB.investC.purchaseD.invent10.A.limitedB.spentC.concentratedD.spurAndthe11investmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmore12focusedonthe13skillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibleto14technologies.Asaresult,problems15whennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongerto16howtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo,theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.III Cloze11.A.limitedB.littleC.infiniteD.boundless12.A.broadlyB.openlyC.narrowlyD.widely13.A.specialB.speciesC.sparrowD.specific14.A.adaptB.absorbC.adhereD.admit15.A.emergeB.submergeC.mergeD.emergencyIfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongerto16howtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo,theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningat17,andtheneedforextensiveretraining18costandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Intheend,theskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulation19thewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcanteffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswill20.III Cloze16.A.investigateB.realizeC.awareD.learn17.A.abilityB.mobilityC.capacityD.capability18.A.generatorB.generatesC.generousD.gentle19.A.affectB.effectC.inspectD.impact20.A.disappearB.disillusionC.disownD.dissatisfyIvealwaysbeenan_1_andIsupposethatis_2_inmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmake