新西兰的英文ppt.ppt

NewZealandNationalFlagofAustraliaNationalFlagofNewZealand:theUnionJackandthestarsoftheSouthernCross南南十字星座十字星座IntroductionOfficialnameNewZealandCapitalWellington惠灵顿惠灵顿Area270,534sqkm(ThesizeofthecountryissimilartoBritainorJapan.)Population4,173,460(July2008est.)structureGeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernmentandPoliticsGeographyTheGeographicalFeatures:NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean,halfwaybetweentheequatorandtheSouthPole.ItislocatedwithintheRingofFire,aregionencirclingthePacificOceanwherethemovementoftectonic地质构造的plates板块板块leadstovolcanicandseismic5saIzmIk地震地震activity.Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.MountCookMtCook库克山:thehighestpeak,3,754metershighLakeTaupoLakeTaupo陶波湖陶波湖sitsincentralNorthIsland.Itcovers606sqkm;itis40kmlongand27kmwide.Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysers喷泉喷泉andhotsprings.TheClutha克鲁萨克鲁萨:thelargestriver,336kmlongintheSouthIsland.PlantsandAnimalsManyofNewZealandsnativefloweringplantsareunique.Arichvarietyoftrees,treeferns,groundferns,mossesandotherplantsmakeup“thebush”,asNewZealanderscalltheirforests.Besides,NewZealandhas250speciesofbirdsincludingthekiwi,aNewZealandbirdwithalongbeakandhair-likefeathers,whichcannotfly.ItisthenationalsymbolofNewZealandandNewZealandersrefertothemselvesasKiwis.TreeFern:NewZealandsimpressivetreeferncangrowtoatoweringheightof15meters.Withmorethan150fernspeciesgrowinginNewZealand,theplanthasbecomeanationalsymbol.KiwiFruit奇异果奇异果Thebrownkiwi几维（一种新西兰产的几维（一种新西兰产的无翼鸟）；无翼鸟）；,relatedtoemu,isasmall,flightlessbirdfoundonlyintheforestandscrubareasofNewZealand.Itisnamedforitscall,whichsoundslikekee-wee.Itfeedsprimarilyoninsects,spiders,worms,seeds,andfruits.structureGeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernmentandPoliticsHistory1.Maoricamebetween1,000and3,000yearsago.ThefirstpeopletosettleNewZealandweretheancestorsoftheMaori毛利人毛利人whoarethoughttohavecalledtheislandsAotearoa(“LandoftheLongWhiteCloud”).长白云之乡2.Europeanscameinthe17thcenturyAbelTasman:aDutchnavigator,thefirstEuropeantovisitNewZealandin1642CaptainJamesCook:thefirstEnglishmantovisitNewZealandin17693.TheTreatyofWaitangi1840TheTreatyofWaitangiwassignedon6thFebruary,1840byGovernorWilliamHobsonand50Maorichiefs.BythetermsoftheTreaty,GreatBritainformallyproclaimedsovereigntyovertheislandandagreedtorespectthelandownershiprightsoftheMaori,whoplacedthemselvesundertheprotectionoftheBritishgovernment.February6thisnowcelebratedasNewZealandsNationalDayWaitangiDay威坦哲日威坦哲日,怀唐伊日怀唐伊日。4.After1840SettlementofNewZealandfromtheBritishIslesandAustraliabeganinearnestafterthesigningoftheTreatyofWaitangi.TheEuropeanpopulationofNewZealandgrewfromabout1,000inthe1830stonearly60,000in1858,andthenrocketedto500,000bytheearly1880s.structureGeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernmentandPoliticscultureNewZealandscultureisrichanddiverseduetotheblendingofPolynesianandEuropeancultures.TheinfluenceofMaori,PacificIsland,EuropeanandAsianculturesmakesNewZealandacolourfulandvibrantplacewithmanydifferentcustomsandfoodtoenjoy.FirstpartMAORICULTURETheMaoriaretheindigenouspeopleofNewZealand,theyarePolynesianandcompriseabout14percentofthecountryspopulation.TereoMaoriisthenativelanguagewhichisrelatedtoTahitianandHawaiianMaoritanga毛利人文化和风俗习惯毛利人文化和风俗习惯Threestagesofculturaldevelopment:TheearliestculturaltraditioninNewZealandwasthatoftheMaori,whodevelopedarichanddiversePolynesiancultureingeographicisolationfromtheotherculturesofPolynesia.Europeansettlersbroughtwiththemtheirowntraditions,whicheventuallydominatedthecountrysculturallife.Sincethe1950stheculturalfabricofNewZealandhasbecomeincreasinglydiversewiththeimmigrationofpeoplesfromthePacificIslandsandAsia.MaoritangameansMaoriculture,theMaoriwayoflifeandviewoftheworld.TraditionalMaoricultureisexpressedinsong,dance,oratory,woodcarving,weaving,andarchitecture.Inthe1980stheyinitiatedarevivaloftheirlanguageandothertraditions.BythattimemanyMaorihadassimilatedintothepredominantEuropeanculture.ThemajorityofMaorihadbecomeurbandwellers,andmostyoungerMaorididnotknowtheMaorilanguage.TodayMaoriculturethrivesinbothtraditionalandreinventedtraditions.NewZealandHouses:TheredandwhitehouseshownhereisprobablyownedbyaMaorifamily.TeHauKiTuranga,Wellington:TheNationalMuseum,inWellingtonhousesawidearrayoftraditionalMaoripieces,includingtheTeHauKiTuranga,anelaboratelycarved,mid-19thcenturyMaorimeetinghouse.MaoriWoodcarving:WoodcarvingisatraditionalartformoftheMaoripeople.Maorihousesandcommunalbuildingsoftenincorporateornate装饰的装饰的woodcarvings.MaoriWoodcarvingMaoriHakaDance:TheatricalperformancesareacelebratedpartoftheMaoricultureinNewZealandtoday.HereaMaoristorytellerdressedinatraditionalcostumeperformsthehakadance.Thedance,whichMaorimenonceperformedbeforegoingintobattle,ischaracterizedbyheavystomping,跺脚跺脚loudchanting,andaggressivebodymovements.MaoriprotestmarchinWellingtonMaoriprotestmarchinWellingtonMaoriCarvingfoodNewZealandFoodissimilartoAustralianfood:boththeirrootsareinBritishandIrishfoods.Therearedifferences,however.Maoris(indigenousNewZealanders)andimmigrantsfromotherPacificIslandsmakeupasignificantproportionofthepopulation.Consequently,thereisastrongPolynesianinfluenceinNewZealandcuisine.Ancientstapleslike“Kumara”(asweetpotato),playalargeroleintheKiwiRecently,otherinternationalflavors,especiallyfromSouthEastAsia,havebeenfusedwithmoretraditionalNewZealandrecipes.Lemon&Paeroa-NewZealandsWorldFamousDrinkstructureGeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernmentandPoliticsSecondparteconomicTheeconomyofNewZealandisamarketeconomywhichisgreatlydependentoninternationaltrade,mainlywithAustralia,theEuropeanUnion,theUnitedStates,ChinaandJapan.Ithasonlysmallmanufacturingandhigh-techsectors,beingstronglyfocusedontourismandprimaryindustrieslikeagriculture(thoughbothsectorsarehighlyprofitable).Economicfree-marketreformsofthelastdecadeshaveremovedmanybarrierstoforeigninvestment,andtheWorldBankin2005praisedNewZealandasbeingthemostbusiness-friendlycountryintheworld,beforeSingapore.PrimaryproductsAgricultureandhorticulture,forestry,fisheries,energyandmineralsaretheprimarynaturalresourcesofNewZealand.Themostvaluableoftheseproductgroups,providingahighproportionofNewZealandsexportearningsisagricultureandhorticulturewhichincorporatestheproductionofsheepmeat,beef,wool,dairyproduceandhides,deer,goatsandcerealproducts.Infact,agriculturalproductstotalmorethan50%ofallNewZealandexports.EconomyTheeconomyofNewZealandlargelyreliesonoverseastradebecauseitlacksmanymineralresourcesandhasonlydiscoveredsmallreservesofoil.Itneedstoimportmineralstokeepitseconomyrunning.Otherimportsincludemanufacturedgoods,heavymachinery,petroleum,chemicals,ironandsteel,plasticmaterialsandtextiles.InrecentyearsNewZealandhasdevelopeditsagricultureandmanufacturingindustriestosuittheneedsoftheinternationalmarkets.Itisoneoftheworldslargestexportersofmeat,dairyproductsandwool.Industriessuchasforestry,horticulture园艺园艺,fishing,manufacturing,andtourismhavealsobecomeincreasinglysignificant.Gross GDP 2008,millions of US dollars 130,693(ranking 53)281,776(Ireland 31)GNI Per Capita 2008(US dollars)27,940(ranking 41)49,590(Ireland 11)GDPTheNewZealandGDPpercapitaisforinstancelessthanthatofSpainandabout60%thatoftheUnitedStates.Incomeinequalityhasincreasedgreatly,implyingthatsignificantportionsofthepopulationhavequitemodestincomes.Further,NewZealandhasaverylargecurrentaccountdeficitof8-9%ofGDtourismTourismisafundamentalcontributortoNewZealandseconomyandwayoflife.Tourismcontributescloseto10%ofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)aswellasdirectlyandindirectlyemployingnearlyoneintenNewZealanders.Importantly,anddespitemorechallengingtimesinthepast12months,tourismremainsoneofNewZealandslargestforeignexchangeearners.Thegraphbelowshowshowtourismanditscontributionisfeltatnational,regionalandlocallevelsthroughouttheNewZealandeconomy.MtTaranakiQueenstownLakeRotoruastructureGeographyHistoryCultureEconomicGovernmentandPoliticsForm of governmentParliamentary democracyHead of stateGovernor-general,representing the British monarchHead of governmentPrime ministerLegislatureUnicameral legislatureHouse of Representatives:120 members(for three years)The GovernmentGovernmentandPoliticsPoliticalPartiesTwo-partysystem:theNationalPartyandtheLaborPartyFirst-levelpoliticaldivisions12regionsand4unitaryauthoritiesConstitutionNowrittenconstitution;politicalsystemcloselymodeledonthatoftheUnitedKingdom.Beehive蜂窝蜂窝,Wellington:TheBeehive,namedforitsappearance,ispartoftheparliamentarycomplexinWellington,thecapitalofNewZealand.Thebuildinghousestheofficesoftheprimeministerandthecabinet.In1893NewZealandbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoextendthevotetowomen.TheNewZealandwomenshownhereparticipatinginanelectioninWellingtonNorthwereexercisingtheirrighttovoteforthefirsttime.HelenClarkIn1999HelenClark,leaderoftheLaborParty,becamethefirstfemaleprimeministerinNewZealand.ShewonherthirdelectioninSeptember,2005(threeyearsforoneterm).VotedforChange:JohnKeycelebratesNationalPartysvictoryduringNewZealandGeneralelectioninAuckland,Nov.8,2008.JohnKeyThirdpartNewZealandandChinacelebrated38yearsofdiplomaticrelationson22December2010.ThebilateralrelationshiphasgrowntobecomeoneofNewZealandsmostvaluableandimportant.Asaglobalandregionalpower,NewZealandssecond-largesttradingpartner,andamajorsourceofmigrants,studentsandtourists,ChinaisimportanttoNewZealandasabilateral,regionalandmultilateralpartner.TheChina-NewZealandrelationshipischaracterisedbyregularhigh-levelcontacts,anexpandingrangeofofficialdialogues-bothformalandinformal,healthyanddiversifyingtradeandeconomicflowsinbothdirections,andstrengtheningpeople-to-peoplecontacts.Relationshipwithchinathispictureischinasvicechairmanmeetswithnewzealandprimeminister.