定语从句课件 新课标 人教.ppt
定语从句定语从句 关系词的意义及作用关系词的意义及作用:定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面,所以定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面,所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句,根据它与如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句,根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。句。2021/8/8 星期日1被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词”。关系词。关系词有两个作用:有两个作用:一、引导定语从句。一、引导定语从句。二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一充当一定的句子成分定的句子成分。理解和牢记这两条概念,弄清楚关系词在定语理解和牢记这两条概念,弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句的关键。从句充当什么成分,是掌握定语从句的关键。2021/8/8 星期日2关系词的选用与判断关系词的选用与判断:关系词主语宾语表语定语状语关系词主语宾语表语定语状语that人人/物人物人/物物 which物物物物 who人人 whom人人 whose 人人/物物 when where why as主要用于非限制性的定语从句和主要用于非限制性的定语从句和suchas,the sameas,asas,结构中。结构中。2021/8/8 星期日3二、关系词的选用二、关系词的选用1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing等不定代词,等不定代词,代替物时,定语从句代替物时,定语从句that用引导。用引导。注:注:something后一般用后一般用which。Is there anything that you want to explain?In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.2021/8/8 星期日42.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only,very,none,no,little,few,much等修饰时定等修饰时定语从句用语从句用that引导。引导。This is the only reason that I can say.This is the first step that can be taken.It is the best one that you may choose.2021/8/8 星期日53.way后面的定语从句,引导定语从句有后面的定语从句,引导定语从句有三种情况:三种情况:a.在比较正式的文体中用在比较正式的文体中用in which;b.一般情况下用一般情况下用that;c.In which和和that省去省去。a.I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.2021/8/8 星期日6b.Lincoin asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did.Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c.Thats the way I looked at it.The assistant who served her did not like the way she wasdressed.2021/8/8 星期日74.先行词是表示地点的名词时(先行词是表示地点的名词时(country,school,room),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,一般用当地点状语,一般用where引导定语从句。也可以引导定语从句。也可以用用介词介词which的结构。值得注意的是的结构。值得注意的是which前介前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.关系词的选用与判断(续)关系词的选用与判断(续)2021/8/8 星期日85.先行词是表示时间的名词(先行词是表示时间的名词(year,month,day,night),而关系词代替先),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语,一般用行词在定语从句中充当时间状语,一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用引导定语从句。也可以用介词介词which的结构。值得注意的是的结构。值得注意的是which前介词前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。定。在掌握第在掌握第4、第、第5条时应特别注意:介词的条时应特别注意:介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。请分析下面两个句子析下面两个句子。2021/8/8 星期日9那就是他工作的大学。那就是他工作的大学。at which he works.which he works at.That is the college where he works.that he works at.he works at.2021/8/8 星期日10它出生的那一天是它出生的那一天是1952年年8月月20日。日。on which he was born which he was born onThe day when he was born wasAug.20,1952.that he was born on he was born on2021/8/8 星期日11除了第除了第4、第、第5条中条中when,where可以用介词可以用介词关系词这种用法外。还有其他情况也可以用这种关系词这种用法外。还有其他情况也可以用这种结构。即:介词结构。即:介词which。或介词。或介词whom。请。请看下面例句:看下面例句:This is the classmate with whom Ill go to the cinema.The subject in which Im most interested is English.We can see the method by which the computer works.在这种结构中,介词与先行词组成短语,在从句在这种结构中,介词与先行词组成短语,在从句中充当句子成分,因此介词的选用时受到一定限中充当句子成分,因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的,仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。制的,仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。2021/8/8 星期日12三、关于三、关于as引导定语从句的问题引导定语从句的问题as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas,suchas,asas的结构中。的结构中。1.as与与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。He married the girl,as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是:不同的是:as引导的定语从句可以前置,而引导的定语从句可以前置,而which不行。不行。As was natural,he married the girl.2021/8/8 星期日132.在在the sameas,suchas,as as 结构中,结构中,same,such,as之后应是名词或之后应是名词或形容词名词。形容词名词。We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many wordsas a dog does.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.2021/8/8 星期日14We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.这三种结构也可以用这三种结构也可以用which改写。但要去掉改写。但要去掉这种结构,不能直接用这种结构,不能直接用which代替代替as。以上。以上三句分别可以改写成:三句分别可以改写成:Some people have no doubt that their cat understands the wordswhich a dog understands.We hope to get the tool which he is using.2021/8/8 星期日153.the sameas与与the samethat引导的引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是:前者修饰的定语从句在意义上的区别是:前者修饰的是与原物同样的;而后者修饰的就是先行是与原物同样的;而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西。是比较:词同样的东西。是比较:This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。(不是同一这和我丢失的那一只表一样。(不是同一只)只)This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。(同一只)这就是我丢失的那一只表。(同一只)2021/8/8 星期日16注意事项注意事项1.一般说来,除了用定语从句解释名词或泛一般说来,除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外,指外,先行词前应有定冠词先行词前应有定冠词the。2.在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中 which,whom,that充当宾语时,可以省略。而在非限制性定充当宾语时,可以省略。而在非限制性定语从句中语从句中 whom,who,which不能省略。不能省略。3.在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用与主句之间应该用逗号逗号隔开。隔开。2021/8/8 星期日174.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分。如是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表,则是定语从句。再果在从句中充当主、宾、表,则是定语从句。再看看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词,前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词,如:如:idea,fact,thought,news等。后面的从句等。后面的从句是说明其内容的,(这个名词在后面的从句中部是说明其内容的,(这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分),这个从句则是同位语从句。充当任何成分),这个从句则是同位语从句。He expressed the hope that he has had for many years.hope在从句中不充当句子成分,又加上后面从句在从句中不充当句子成分,又加上后面从句是说明是说明hope的内容的,因此时同位语从句。的内容的,因此时同位语从句。2021/8/8 星期日185.the reason why(=for which)是由是由why或或for which引导的定语从句。而引导的定语从句。而the reasonthat也是也是that引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。that往往省往往省略。略。This is the reason why he was late.=This is the reason(that)hewas late.2021/8/8 星期日196.当主句中有当主句中有who,which时,而定语从句中也要时,而定语从句中也要用到用到who或或which时,为了避免时,为了避免 who who,whichwhich等重叠,定语从句用等重叠,定语从句用that引导。引导。Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?7.先行词为人和物作并列成分时,定语从句用先行词为人和物作并列成分时,定语从句用that引导。引导。John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.2021/8/8 星期日208.不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引引导定语从句,而导定语从句,而that通常省掉。通常省掉。He is no longer the man that he was.9.“one of可数名词复数可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用谓语动词应用复数复数;而;而“one of可数名词复数可数名词复数”前有前有the,only或或the only修饰,定语从句中修饰,定语从句中的谓语动词用的谓语动词用单数单数。He is one of the students who study very hard at school.He is the(only/the only)one of the students who studies very hard 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27,202213、不知香积寺,数里入云峰。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。27 十一月 20222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2715、楚塞三湘接,荆门九派通。十一月 222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202216、少年十五二十时,步行夺得胡马骑。2022/11/272022/11/2727 November 202217、空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/279、杨柳散和风,青山澹吾虑。2022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November 27,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/2022 7:44:48 AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Nov-2227-Nov-2212、越是无能的人,越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November 27,202213、知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有力,自胜者强。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。27 十一月 20222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2715、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十一月 222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202216、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2022/11/272022/11/2727 November 202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉2021/8/8 星期日24