（全国湖北专）《金新学案》高三英语一轮 高一 Units1316语法课件.ppt

语法专项提升动词时态和语态 2021/8/11 星期三1时时 态态2021/8/11 星期三2一般现在时(1)可表示客观真理、科学事实。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。(2)可用在由if，unless引导的条件状语从句，由even/if/though引导的让步状语从句，由when，before，until/till，as soon as，the moment引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever，whoever等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。2021/8/11 星期三3Ill go with you as soon as I finish it.我一做完，就与你一同去。Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。2021/8/11 星期三4一般过去时表示“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.再重述一下你的电话号码好吗？我没记下来。Its 9568686.是9568686。2021/8/11 星期三5一般将来时(1)“will动词原形”表示事物的固有属性与必然趋势。Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。(2)“be going to动词原形”可表示根据迹象对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看那乌云，要下雨了。2021/8/11 星期三6(3)“be about to动词原形”表示立即的将来，很少与时间状语连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。(4)位移动词如come，go，arrive等，其一般现在时表按时间表将要发生的事，现在进行时可表计划、安排要做的事。I arrive in Beijing at 300 pm.tomorrow.明天下午三点我会到达北京。He is coming.他将要来。They are leaving for Tibet.他们将要去西藏。2021/8/11 星期三7(5)be to 动词原形表示计划，安排。When are you to leave for New York?你计划什么时候去纽约？表示指令，相当于should。You are to report it to the police.你应该把这事报告给警察。表示“打算，想要”。If we are to be there before ten，well have to go now.若我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。2021/8/11 星期三8现在/过去进行时(1)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。I first met Lisa three years ago；she was working at a shop then.我第一次遇见莉莎是在3年前，那时她正在一家商店工作。Hey，look where you are going!嘿，看看你往哪儿走！Oh，Im terribly sorry.I wasnt noticing.噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。2021/8/11 星期三9(2)表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情感，常与always，continually，constantly连用。He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)他总是先为别人着想。He is always making the same mistake.(表厌烦)他总是犯同样的错误。2021/8/11 星期三10(3)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。(暂时性)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。(“变化”尚未完成)2021/8/11 星期三11(4)表示按计划、安排要做的事。Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划)(5)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。Is this raincoat yours?这是你的雨衣吗？No，mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着呢。2021/8/11 星期三12现在完成时(1)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你的。Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车未停，请不要下车。2021/8/11 星期三13(2)It/This is/will be the first(last，second，third.)time that.和It/This is the best(worst，most interesting)n.that.结构的从句要求用现在完成时。This is the first time that Ive heard her sing.这是我第一次听她唱歌。Its the best film Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。2021/8/11 星期三14过去完成时(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when；No sooner had.done.than.中从句用一般过去时。Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我刚到家，天就下起了倾盆大雨。No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.我们刚出发，轮胎就爆了。2021/8/11 星期三15(2)表示愿望、打算类的词，如hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。2021/8/11 星期三16现在完成进行时(1)表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come.我已等了一个小时，但她还没有来。2021/8/11 星期三17(2)表示动作刚刚结束(有时指出结果)。My clothes are wet.Ive been walking in the rain.我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。(3)表示重复(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.两个星期以来她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。2021/8/11 星期三18语态被动语态使用要点不及物动词不能用于被动语态如appear，rise，die，happen，belong to，break out，take place等。Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(正)我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。2021/8/11 星期三19表示状态的动词不用于被动语态如lack，fit，mean，hold，have，cost，contain，become，last，possess，consist of，look like等。The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。Whats become of her？她怎么了？2021/8/11 星期三20主动形式表被动的几种情况(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。2021/8/11 星期三21(2)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义，这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有sell，read，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock，run，record，begin，shut等。This type of recorder sells well.这种型号的录音机销路很好。He doesnt photograph well.他不太上相。This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。2021/8/11 星期三22(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义通常是事物(也可以是人)作want，need require等动词的主语时，表示事物(或人)客观上“需要”，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的，后面还应有相应的介词。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。The children need to be looked after.2021/8/11 星期三23(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy，difficult，light，heavy，fit，good，safe，comfortable，dangerous，pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。She is easy to approach.她平易近人。The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。2021/8/11 星期三24不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不用to，但在被动语态中要带to。I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。2021/8/11 星期三25get(got)过去分词也可构成被动语态get常同marry，beat，break，damage，tear，strike，hurt，paint，invite，repair，dress等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。John and Jane got married last month.上个月，约翰和简结婚了。They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三271.(2007年湖北卷)Last night，John was answering the letters that_(寄给他的)during the past two weeks.(arrive)【答案】had arrived for him 2.(2008年湖北卷)At present lots of food，water，tents，and medicine_(正在运往)from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquakestricken area.(transport)【答案】are being transported 2021/8/11 星期三283.(2008年湖北卷)Seldom_(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college.(play)【答案】have they played4(2009年湖北卷)During his last lecture，the scientist _(觉得)easier to explain the theory to those with some background knowledge.(find)【答案】found it(was)5(2009年湖北卷)If times_(变了)，have our ways of thinking changed too？(change)【答案】have changed2021/8/11 星期三292021/8/11 星期三301He will have learned English for eight years by the time he_ _ _ _(大学毕业)next year.(gradute)【答案】graduates from the university2So far，Hope Project_ _(阻止)thousands of students in the rural areas of western and central China from dropping out of school.(prevent)【答案】has prevented2021/8/11 星期三313No sooner_ _ _ _(我坐下来)than the phone rang.(sit)【答案】had I sat down4The lawyer_ _ _ _(与订婚)my Chinese teacher for ten years.(engage)【答案】has been engaged to 2021/8/11 星期三325Hi，Jim，I_ _ _ _ _(没想到你会来)today.John said you were ill.(think)Oh，yes.But I feel better today.【答案】didnt think(that)you would come6Three fifths of the workers in our factory_ _ _(已经受过训练)in that technical and engineering school.(train)【答案】have been trained2021/8/11 星期三337We_ _ _ _(在上网)when there was a power cut.(surf)【答案】were surfing the Internet8John couldnt stay in the house，which_ _ _(在粉刷)(paint)【答案】was being painted9Some new equipment，as well as some new technologies from Germany，_ _ _ _(正用于)the production process.(apply)【答案】is being applying to2021/8/11 星期三3410I was still sleeping_ _ _ _ _(火灾发生了)，and then it spread quickly.(break)【答案】when the(a)fire broke out2021/8/11 星期三352021/8/11 星期三36