高考英语专题复习课件：完形填空（一）.ppt
完形填空完形填空2021/8/11 星期三1完型填空完型填空 之能力训练目标之能力训练目标：1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力2021/8/11 星期三21.1.题材常为说明文或题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章.2.2.内容完整内容完整,逻辑性强逻辑性强,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨.3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词:名名/代代/动词动词/形容形容/副副词等词等.5.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力.6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑.完型填空特点完型填空特点:2021/8/11 星期三3完形填空总体要求完形填空总体要求完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等识等进行解题。进行解题。2021/8/11 星期三4解题方法：解题方法：总的原则总的原则:“先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读2021/8/11 星期三5三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读)the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test,there is no blank in the first sentence(首句首句).It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）2021/8/11 星期三6Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)2021/8/11 星期三7Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense(文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)2021/8/11 星期三8Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）2021/8/11 星期三9 Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理下文的衔接是否合理)2021/8/11 星期三10完形填空之完形填空之 九大解题技巧九大解题技巧2021/8/11 星期三111.利用首句来解题利用首句来解题Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“Yourenevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful2021/8/11 星期三122.根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise2021/8/11 星期三13PracticeHisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreled D.joked44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker2021/8/11 星期三14常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus,therefore,so；递进关系：递进关系：besides,whatsmore,further;转折关系：转折关系：but,while,however等。等。3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题2021/8/11 星期三15Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)_1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.1.A.disappointingB.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important_2021/8/11 星期三16andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_37_quitepleasanttaste.37.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or 4.根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题2021/8/11 星期三17Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverPractice2021/8/11 星期三18Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.AdryBdistantCdesertedDwild5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择2021/8/11 星期三19Iwentintoacafandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed22(loneliness).ABeforeBSinceCAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题2021/8/11 星期三201)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_1_.Soheshouldnthavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题2021/8/11 星期三218.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的，属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。2021/8/11 星期三22.Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe_38_smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题2021/8/11 星期三23完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练2021/8/11 星期三24 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else?We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_.The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely,witheveryone on _3_.Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_,but they didnthelp the other people.Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else?1.A.leftB.got C.droveD.enter 2.A.ideas B.suggestions C.dreamsD.words 3.A.boardB.ship C.seaD.deck 4.A.lifeB.death C.illnessD.disease 5.A.similarly B.differently C.strangely D.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams2021/8/11 星期三25 Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany.In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_.He ranoff as fast as he could,butthey followed.He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim,one to the right andthe other to the left.Whichroad ought he to _11_?6.A.aloneB.once C.stillD.even 7.A.whileB.as C.beforeD.when 8.A.floorB.earth C.soilD.ground 9.A.whichB.that C.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separate C.dividedD.crossed11.A.takeB.bring C.carryD.go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake2021/8/11 星期三26 He heard the two men_12_ him,getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear.Ittold him to go to the _13_,and he did so.He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel.He was _14_here kindly and given a room,and so he was _15_from the two men.Thatwas the dream.12.A.next to B.in front of C.besideD.behind13.A.houseB.hotel C.leftD.right14.A.accepted B.received C.refusedD.closed15.A.killed B.murdered C.savedD.robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved2021/8/11 星期三2716.A.exactly B.really C.sincerely D.actually17.A.happened B.performed C.actedD.chose18.A.forgot B.remembered C.missed D.noticed19.A.arrivedB.left C.reachedD.got20.A.agoB.before C.laterD.after Twenty years later he was_16_ in the Black Forestand as it _17_ in thedream long before,two menran out and tried to throw himdown.He ran off,and came toa place with two roads as in the dream.He_18_ thedream and took the road to the right.He soon _19_asmall hotel,was taken in,andso was safe.His dream oftwenty years _20_ had Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答案第13题答案2021/8/11 星期三282021/8/11 星期三292021/8/11 星期三30
