2015中考英语语法精讲-动词的时态和语态课件.ppt

第9讲 动词的时态和语态2015中考英语语法精讲一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.I think high school students should_ (give)pocket money.be givengoes2.The earth _(go)around the sun.3.Black tea_(invent)in China more than600 years ago.was inventedwill be4.There _(be)more than 50 schools in our city nextyear.isnt allowedhave had5.Parking _(not allow)here.6.I _(have)this bike for more than two years.基础练习基础练习 二、单句改错not allowis not allowed1.I buy a new shirt yesterday._2.When we reach there,they work for a long time._3.The child not allow to play computer games beforefinishing homework._4.Jane go to school by bus._gogoes5.The meeting holds next week._buyboughtworkhave workedholdswill be held时态用法构成时间状语例句一般现在时表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等；表示客观真理。主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式；其他情况用动词原形。sometimes,often,usually,always,never,everymorning/afternoon/evening,every day,onSunday(s)等。I leave homefor school at 7everymorning.我每天早晨 7 点从家出发去学校。Shanghai lies in the eastof China.上海位于中国的东部。动词的时态常考的各种时态的用法及构成直击考点直击考点考点考点1一般过去时表示过去曾经发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的过去式yesterday,lastnight/Monday/week/month/year,in 2010,three monthsago,just now等。When I was achild,I oftenplayedfootball in thestreet.当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。shall/will动词原形；begoing to动词原形tomorrow,next year,intwo years,from now on,in the future等。They aregoing to havea sportsmeeting in aweek.他们一周后要举行一场运动会。时态用法构成时间状语例句现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。is/am/are动词的现在分词(v.-ing)now,at themoment,atpresent,these days等。We are havingan Englishclass now.我们现在正在上英语课。过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。was/were动词的现在分词at this timeyesterday,at9 last night,from 7 to 9yesterdaymorningThey werewatching TVat 7 last night.昨晚 7 点他们正在看电视。续表 注意：come,go,leave,arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：Im leaving tomorrow.我明天动身。动词的第三人称单数1一般情况直接加-s。如：stopstopslooklooks readreads2以 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的动词加-es。如：watchwatchesmissmisseswashwashesfixfixesdodoes3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如：hurryhurries crycries carrycarries4be 动词的三种形式：am,is,are5特殊：havehas考点考点2动词的过去式和过去分词1规则动词：(1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：rainrained cleancleanedwatchwatched(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：livelivedlikeliked movemoved(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：dropdropped stopstopped planplanned(4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。如：carrycarried studystudied crycried2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强，只能分别记忆。考点考点3动词的现在分词1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：listenlistening dodoingstudystudying2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makemaking3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing。如：runrunninggetgettingbeginbeginning4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：diedyinglielying考点考点4 现在完成时中的一些重要用法1短暂性动词和延续性动词短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。如：borrowkeepbuyhavediebe deadjoinbe a member of/be in考点考点5begin/startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe away(from)becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to,have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人还未回来。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：Have you been to our town before?你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间连用。如：He has been in Guangzhou since 1989.他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作，与现在无关。如：He has studied English for five years.他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学)He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在学不学就不知道了)(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。被动语态动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的构成1一般现在时的被动语态肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词其他否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去分词其他？考点考点12一般过去时的被动语态肯定句：主语was/were过去分词其他否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词其他一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词其他？3一般将来时的被动语态肯定句：主语will/shallbe过去分词其他否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词其他一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他？4一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词其他否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词其他？被动语态的用法1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：He was seen to go to the church.他被看到去了教堂。This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥于 1981 年竣工。考点考点22需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：She is liked by everyone.她被每个人所喜爱。The novel was translated,read and filmed by people.这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”句型。这类句型有：It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.大家相信5为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.苹果对健康有益，几乎所有人都喜欢。When he was five,he was taught how to swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物动词(短语)happen/take place,appear,disappear,come true,come out 等无被动语态。主动语态表示被动意义1 系动词 look,sound,smell,taste,seem,turn,get,become等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。考点考点32动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作业要做。She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。3need doing(need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This shirt needs washing.This shirt needs to be washed.这衬衫需要清洗了。()1.Hot water_ in the studentsflats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.A.suppliesC.suppliedB.is suppliedD.was suppliedB water 与 supply 之间是动宾关系，故排除 A、C 两项；且由 now 可知描述的是一般情况，故选 B。()2.Our English teacher is very nice.We_ friends since three years ago.AwereChave beenBbecameDhave madeC 由 since(自从)可以判断该句用现在完成时。become,make 是短暂性动词，不能和表示延续的时间连用；单独的 be动词不能表达动词的连续性。故选 C。()3.Jenny _ in the kitchen whenyou called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cookingBwas cookingCcooksDCookedB 题意：当你今天下午 5 点打电话给 Jenny 时，她正在厨房里做饭。表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作用过去进行时。()4.Ive got the final Harry Potterbook.You will love it.I _ it twice already.A.am readingB.have readC.was readingD.will readB 题意：“我买到最后一部哈里波特了。”“你会喜欢的，我已经看了两遍了。”根据 already 可知应用现在完成时。()5.The cleaners _ the streetand it is quite clean now.Aare sweepingBwill sweepChave sweptC题意：清洁工人已经扫过这条街，现在它很干净。根据题意，动作应发生在过去且对现在造成了某种影响，故应用现在完成时。()6.Yang Liwei,a famous astronaut_ to Foshan in March,2012.AcomesBcameCwas comingB 根据时间状语可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。()7.Air must _ fresh all thetime.Its good for our health.AkeepBis keptCbe keptCmust 必须，是情态动词，故后面跟动词原形；空气是“被保持干净”，故选 C。()8.Heyuan develops so fast.Thats true.Great changes _ in Heyuan in the lastfew years.Ahave been taken placeBtook placeCtake placeDhave taken placeD in the last few years 在过去的几年里，是现在完成时的标志词；take place 发生，无被动语态。故选 D。()9.In the old days,they _ inthe factory from morning to night.Awere made to workBasked to workCmade to workDwere asked for workA 题意：在过去，他们被迫从早到晚在工厂工作。他们是“被迫”，故用被动语态；ask for 要求，请求。故选 A。()10.Where is your father?He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for twoweeks.Ahas been to;has been inChas been in;has been toBhas gone to;has been inDhas gone to;has been toB 题意：“你的父亲在哪里？”“他去了澳大利亚，并且已经在悉尼待了两周了。”have been to 表示过去曾经去过某地，说话时已经从该地回来了；have gone to 表示在去某地的路上或在某地，说话时还未回来；have been in 表示已在某地待了多久。故选 B。()11.This is No.9 Middle School.Itsdoor _every day after school.Awas closedBis closedCcloseB题意：这是第 9 中学，每天下午放学后它的门都是关着的。be closed 关着的，表示状态；因为是每天都发生，故应该用一般现在时。选 B。()12.Have you seen Mike?He _ football on the sports field.AplaysBis playingCwill playB题意：“你看见麦克了吗？”“他正在运动场踢足球。”表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。()13.Its said a pianist will performat Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang?Yes,it _ him.He _ for a week.Amust be;has arrived hereCmust be;has been hereBmaybe;has been hereDmaybe;has arrived hereC 题意：“据说一个钢琴家周五晚上将要在保利剧院表演。是郎朗吗？”“是的，一定是他。他已经到这儿一个星期了。”根据题意可知是表示有把握的肯定推测，故应用 must be；又 arrive 为短暂性动词，与一段时间连用时应改为 has been。故选 C。()14.What will you do _the summer holiday?I think I shall watch London OlympicGames.It will _ in August.Aduring;be heldCduring;holdBat;holdDat;be holdA表示“在一段时间内”用 during；奥运会是“被举行”，应用被动语态。故选 A。()15._ you _ yourhomework?Not yet.ADo;finishCDid;finishBHave;finishedDAre;finishedB 答语中有 yet，是完成时的标志词，故选 B。()16.Have all the students knownthat our class will visit Mountain Tai this afternoon?Yes.Every student _ about it.A.toldBwas toldChas told学生们得知这个消息是因为“被告知”，故应用被动B语态。()17.Alan,its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.A.waitedBhave waitedCam waitingDwas waitingC 由题意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示现在，故用现在进行时。()18.People who drink wine _ todrive after May Day.A.dont allowBisnt allowedCmustnt allowDmustnt be allowedD 题意：五一节之后喝了酒的人不(被)允许开车。由题意可知应用被动语态，B 项主谓不一致，故选 D。()19.Our math teacher _ in ourschool for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 yearsold.A.has taught;has comeC.taught;cameB.taught;comesD.has taught;cameD 题意：我们数学老师在我们学校教书 20 年了，当他 23岁的时候他就来到了这里。由 for 20 years 可知，动作从 20 年前持续到现在，故第一空要用现在完成时；由时间状语从句“when he was 23 years old”可知，动作发生在 23 岁时，故第二空要用一般过去时。()20.Yesterday evening,I _along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.A.walkB.walkedC.was walkingD.am walkingC题意：昨天晚上我正沿着街道散步，突然遇到我的数学老师。“散步”这个动作是遇到老师时正在进行的，故用过去进行时。()21.The Chinese Culture Day_ in New York City on April 20th,2011.A.celebratedB.is celebratedC.was celebratedC“on April 20th,2011”表示的是过去时间，celebrate 与the Chinese Culture Day 是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。()22.Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring,from March to May.A.happenB.HappensC.is happeningA由时间状语“in spring,from March to May”可知时态是一般现在时，且主语为复数，故选 A。()23.The Guangzhou Tower _thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.A.attractsB.AttractedC.has attractedC由时间状语“since it was open to the public”可知应用现在完成时。()24.When should I hand in mypaper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _.A.hand in;ringsB.hand in;will ringC.be handed in;will ringD.be handed in;ringsD hand in 与 paper 之间是动宾关系，故第一空用被动语态；as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来。故选 D。()25.The boss made him work 14hours a day.That means,he _ work 14 hours a day.A.was madeCwas makingBmadeDwas made toD由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 个小时”，且前一句的谓语动词 made 是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。make sb.do sth.的被动语态要加上省略的 to，即 be made todo sth.。故选 D。()26.Your classroom is very clean.Yes,it _ every day.A.is cleanedB.cleansC.is cleaningA由时间状语 every day 可知要用一般现在时，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 这一动作的承受者，故用一般现在时的被动语态，选 A。()27.You are too late.The film_ since half an hour ago.A.has begunB.has been onC.beganB 由时间状语 since half an hour ago 可知用现在完成时，且 begin 为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用 be on。选B。()28.Echo _ for half amonth.Shell come back in two months.A.leftB.leaveC.has leftD.has been awayD时间状语 for half a month 为一段时间，故谓语动词要用延续性动词；且由后一句“她将两个月后回来”说明已经离开，应用现在完成时态。故选 D。()29.Robert with his two kids _ tothe beach for vacation every year.A.goB.goesC.wentD.are goingB 由时间状语 every year 可知用一般现在时；主语中带有with 短语时，谓语动词应与 with 短语前面的主语保持一致。故选 B。()30.Do you know her well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.wereC.have beenB.have madeD.have becomeC根据后面的 since ten years ago 可知用现在完成时，且make 和 become 均为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用have been。()31.The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November,2010.A.holdsB.will holdC.was heldD.will be heldD 由时间状语“in November,2010”可知要用将来时态，且Asian Games 是 hold 这一动作的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。)32.Have you ever _(Australia?Yes,I have.Its really interesting _withkangaroos.A.been to;to playCbeen to;playBgone to;playedDgone to;playingA题意：“你曾经去过澳大利亚吗？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣。”由题意可知表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it isadj.to do sth.意为“做某事怎么样”。()33.May I speak to John?Sorry,he _ Japan.But he _ in two days.A.has been to;will come backB.has gone to;will be backC.has been in;would come backD.has gone to;wont come backB 由答语可知“去日本了还没回来”，故第一空要用 hasgone to；由时间状语 in two days 及题意可知第二空要用一般将来时的肯定式。故选 B。()34.According to the library rules,books _ for two weeks at most.A.can be borrowedB.can keepC.can be keptC borrow 是短暂性动词，不能与 for two weeks 连用，故要用延续性动词 keep;keep 与 books 是动宾关系，故用被动语态。选 C。()35.Excuse me,whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.A.usesC.is usingB.is usedD.UsedB use 与 it(指 cleaner)之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。()36.I heard that Mr.Brown diedlast year.Yes,he has _ for a year,but we still miss him.A.been deadB.deathC.diedD.dyingA 由 for a year 可知要用延续性动词，故用 been dead;death为名词，dying 为现在分词，均不符合。()37.I _ my work today.Letsgo for a coffee.A.finishB.will finishC.have finishedC由后一句“我们去喝杯咖啡吧”可知“我已经完成了工作”，故用现在完成时。()38.Experts _ to makesuggestions to help the city develop.A.will inviteB.are invitedC.have invitedB invite 与 experts 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。祝同学们学习进步！