直接引语变间接引语课件1.ppt

直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化6.Exercises2.时态不变情况1.时态变化情况一、定义定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在在引号内，引号内，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话语不放在引号内被转述的话语不放在引号内，这叫做间接引语。这叫做间接引语。直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用加引直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如：Mr.Blacksaid:“Imbusy.”布莱克先生布莱克先生说：说：“我很忙。我很忙。”（直接引语）（直接引语）Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）说他很忙。（间接引语）二、转换1.陈述句陈述句用连词用连词用连词用连词thatthat引导，引导，引导，引导，thatthat在口语中常省在口语中常省在口语中常省在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,said,也也也也可用可用可用可用toldtold来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说said that,told sb.said that,told sb.thatthat，不可直接说，不可直接说，不可直接说，不可直接说told that told that“IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow,”saidhe.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句间接引语用连词间接引语用连词间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whetherwhether或或或或i if f，原主句中谓语动词，原主句中谓语动词，原主句中谓语动词，原主句中谓语动词saidsaid要改为要改为要改为要改为asked(me/him/usasked(me/him/us等等等等)，语序是，语序是，语序是，语序是陈述句陈述句陈述句陈述句的语的语的语的语序序序序 “IsshefromAmerica?”hesaidtome.He asked me if/whether she was from America.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.3.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的词，主句的词，主句的词，主句的谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词用用用用askask(sb.)(sb.)来表达，语序改为来表达，语序改为来表达，语序改为来表达，语序改为陈述句语序陈述句语序陈述句语序陈述句语序.“When will you go to Chongqing?”he said to meHe asked me when I would go to Chongqing.He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my name was.4.祈使句 原主句谓语动词say须改为ask,tell,order,等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成 ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.。例如：“Please sit down and have a rest.”she said to us.She asked us to sit down and have a rest.The teacher said:“Be careful with your pronunciation.”The teacher told us to be careful with our pronunciation.否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加前加not。例如：。例如：She told the children not to make so much noise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。“Dont make so much noise,children!”she said.三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。He said:“I will go to London by air”He said that he would go to London by air.I told him,“I dont agree with you.”I told him that I did not agree with him.“when will we go to Xian?”he said to her.He asked her when they would go to Xian.“You will come here tomorrow,”she said to me.She told me that I would go to there the next day.四、时态的变化四、时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引直接引语语一般一般现现在在时时现现在在进进行行时时现现在完成在完成时时一般一般过过去去时时过过去完成去完成时时一般将来一般将来时时cancanmaymaymustmustshallshallwillwill间间接引接引语语一般一般过过去去时时过过去去进进行行时时过过去完成去完成时时过过去完成去完成时时过过去完成去完成时时过过去将来去将来时时couldcouldmightmighthad to;musthad to;mustshouldshouldwouldwould例句：He said:“I am from America.”He said that he was from America.他说他来自美国。He said:“I am doing my homework.”He said that he was doing his homework.She said:“I can manage it myself.”She said that she could manage it herself.“I finished the work and Im tired,”he said.He said that he had finished the work and he was tired.a主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变。如 He says,“I have finished my homework.”He says that he has finished his homework.She will say,“I will do it tomorrow.”She will say that shell do it tomorrow.“Im from America and I like pop music,”says Tom.Tom says that he is from America and he likes pop music.2.时态不变的几种情况：b.有几种情况时，有几种情况时，尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词的时态也无须改变。的时态也无须改变。直接引语有直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时。如：。如：Hesaid,“IjoinedthePartyin1938.HesaidthathejoinedthePartyin1938.所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如。如：Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.他说熟能生巧。他说熟能生巧。有些情有些情态动词态动词，如，如must，oughtto,hadbetter等，无等，无过过去去时时，变间变间接引接引语时语时，可以不，可以不变变。如：。如：Hesaid,“Allmenmustdie.”Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.他说所有人都会死。他说所有人都会死。五、五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如，如 直接引直接引语语指示代指示代词词this this thesethese时时间间状状语语nownowtodaytodaythis morningthis morningtonighttonightagotomorrowtomorrowyesterdayyesterdaylast nightlast nightthe day before yesterdaythe day before yesterdaythree days agothree days agonext weeknext week地点状地点状语语herehere方向性方向性动词动词bringbringcomecome间间接引接引语语thatthatthosethosethenthenthat daythat daythat morningthat morningthat nightthat nightbeforethe next daythe next daythe day beforethe day beforethe night beforethe night beforetwo days beforetwo days beforethree days beforethree days beforethe next weekthe next weektheretheretaketakegogo例句：He said,“I saw a film yesterday and Ill see another next week.”He said that he had seen a film the day before and that he would see another the next week.他说他在前一天已经看过一场电影而且他下星期还要看另外一场电影。“I met him three days ago and he brought these books to me.”Mary said to me.Mary told me she had met him three days before and that he had taken those books to her.Mary告诉我她三天前见过他,他当时给了她这些书.六、Exercise:1.“I will go to America next year,”she said to me.2.“Have you invited her to dinner tonight?”Tom said to me.3.“How much money did you pay for the driver?”Mary said to him.4.“Please close the door,”the teacher said to the student.He told me that he would go to America the next year.Tom asked me if I had invited her to dinner that night.Mary asked me how much money I had paid for the driver.The teacher asked the student to close the door.5.“What are you looking for?”I said to her.I asked her what she was looking for.6.“Please go upstairs to bring me an umbrella,”he said to Jane.He asked Jane to go upstairs to take him an umbrella.7.“Arent you from Shanghai?“I said to her.8.“I went to see a doctor last night,”he said to me.9.”We are going to do our homework in your office,”he said to me.10.“How do you find his lecture?”He said to me.11.“This is my first time that I have come to China,“he said.12.“Come and sit here,”he said to me.I asked her whether or not she was from Shanghai.He told me that he had gone to see a doctor the night before.He told me they were going to do their homework in my office.He asked me how I found his lecture.He said that that was his first time that he had come to China He asked me to go and sit there.Assignment1.Trytoremembertherulesofdirectandindirectspeech.2.FinishtheexercisesonWB.3.Prepareforthenextclass.