高考英语 Unit3《A healthy life》知识与要点课件 新人教选修6.ppt

2021/8/11 星期三1话题A healthy life(健康生活)功能1.Prohibition(禁止)2.Warning(警告)3.Permission(允许)语法The use of“it”(1)it的用法(1)重点单词stress，adolescent，ban，addicted，accustomed，automatic，automatically，mental，mentally，quit，unfit，strengthen，disappointed，risk，awkward2021/8/11 星期三2重点短语due to，be addicted to，be accustomed to，decide on，in spite of，feel like(doing)，take risks(a risk)，at risk，get into，stand for重点句型1.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.2It is no good crying over spilt milk.3Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.4It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.2021/8/11 星期三31stress n重压，逼迫，压力；重音；重点重压，逼迫，压力；重音；重点vt.施加压力于；使紧张；重读施加压力于；使紧张；重读归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)time of stress 危难之际，非常时期危难之际，非常时期under stress 压力之下压力之下under the stress of.在在压力下，为压力下，为所迫所迫2021/8/11 星期三4(3)stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的压力重的；紧张的a stressful job/situation/lifestyle繁繁重重的的工工作作/艰艰难难的的处处境境/紧张的生活方式紧张的生活方式She laid great stress on proper behavior.她很她很强强调调行行为为端正。端正。In the word“mother”，the stress is on the first syllable.在在“mother”这这一一单词单词里，重音在第一个音里，重音在第一个音节节上。上。The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.英英语语老老师师强强调调了大声朗了大声朗读读的重要性。的重要性。2021/8/11 星期三5【链接训练链接训练】Things can easily go wrong when people are under _.Astress Bweight Cload Dstrength【解解析析】句句意意为为：人人们们在在有有压压力力的的情情况况下下，做做事事容容易易出出差差错错。stress“压压力力”；weight“重重量量”；load“负负担担”；strength“力量力量”。under stress“压力之下压力之下”。【答案答案】A2021/8/11 星期三62accustomed adj.通常的，惯常的；习惯的通常的，惯常的；习惯的归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)be accustomed to习惯于习惯于(表示状态表示状态)become/get accustomed to 变得习惯于变得习惯于(不延续的动作不延续的动作)(2)accustom vt.使使(人人)习惯于，养成习惯习惯于，养成习惯accustom sb./oneself to(doing)sth.使使某某人人/自自己己习习惯惯于于某事某事2021/8/11 星期三7Im not accustomed to talking at meals.我不习惯吃饭时说话。我不习惯吃饭时说话。You will soon get accustomed to the new way of life.你很快就会习惯这种新的生活方式。你很快就会习惯这种新的生活方式。It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea.他过了一段时间后才习惯了这个想法。他过了一段时间后才习惯了这个想法。He took his accustomed seat by the fire.他在火炉旁经常坐的座位上坐了下来。他在火炉旁经常坐的座位上坐了下来。诱导展望诱导展望在在 be/become/get accustomed to 短短语语中中to为为介介词词，其其后后的宾语应为名词、代词或动名词。的宾语应为名词、代词或动名词。2021/8/11 星期三8【链接训练链接训练】Im not_up so early yet，but I have to_ myself to it.Yeah.Just as the saying goes，“An early bird catches the worm”Aused to getting；adoptBaccustomed to getting；accustomCused to get；adaptDaccustomed to get；accustom2021/8/11 星期三9【解解析析】空空一一考考查查be accustomed to doing和和be used to doing的的用用法法，意意为为“习习惯惯于于做做”，故故排排除除C、D两两项项；空空二二考考查查accustom oneself to sth.“使使自自己己习习惯惯于于某某事事”，若若A项项中中的的adopt改改为为adapt也也为为正正确确答答案案，adapt oneself to“使使某某人人自己适应某事自己适应某事”，而，而adopt是是“采纳，采取采纳，采取”之意。之意。【答案答案】B2021/8/11 星期三103effect nC，U结果，效果结果，效果(力力)；影响，作用；影响，作用归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)cause and effect因果因果be of no effect无效的；无用的无效的；无用的come/go into effect生效；实行生效；实行have an/some/little/no effect on对对有有/有有一一些些/几几乎乎没没有有/没有影响没有影响take effect生效；起作用生效；起作用in effect实际上；事实上实际上；事实上(2)effective adj.有效的；显著的，惹人注目的有效的；显著的，惹人注目的2021/8/11 星期三11Scientists are studying the chemicals effect on the environment.科学家正在研究该化学物质对环境的影响。科学家正在研究该化学物质对环境的影响。Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。The new tax rates come into effect from April.新的税率从四月起生效。新的税率从四月起生效。The new laws take effect from tomorrow.新法令明日生效。新法令明日生效。2021/8/11 星期三12【链接训练链接训练】It is said that your reading environment can have a great_your understanding，so give some thought_you can create or choose the right reading environment.Aeffects on；on how Beffect on；on howCeffects upon；to what Deffect on；to what【解解析析】空空一一考考查查固固定定短短语语have an effect on“对对有有影影响响”，故故排排除除A、C两两项项；又又根根据据句句意意可可知知是是“如如何何创创造造或或选择合适的阅读环境的一些想法选择合适的阅读环境的一些想法”，故正确答案为，故正确答案为B。【答案答案】B2021/8/11 星期三134desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的；不顾一切的绝望的，拼命的；不顾一切的归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)make desperate efforts to do拼命地要做拼命地要做be desperate to do.急切地想要做急切地想要做be desperate for sth.渴望得到渴望得到in desperate need极其需要极其需要(2)desperately adv.绝望地，不顾一切地；非常地绝望地，不顾一切地；非常地desperation n不顾一切，拼命，绝望不顾一切，拼命，绝望in desperation拼命地拼命地drive sb.to desperation把把(某人某人)逼到绝境，逼上梁山逼到绝境，逼上梁山2021/8/11 星期三14We had no food left at all and were getting desperate.我们一点儿食物都没了，开始感到绝望了。我们一点儿食物都没了，开始感到绝望了。By then I was desperate for a holiday.到那时候，我已特别渴望休假了。到那时候，我已特别渴望休假了。He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.他很渴望通过入学考试。他很渴望通过入学考试。In desperation he jumped out of the window when he saw that stairs were on fire.当他看到楼梯着火，便不顾一切从窗口跳了出去。当他看到楼梯着火，便不顾一切从窗口跳了出去。2021/8/11 星期三15【链接训练链接训练】他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。(翻译句子翻译句子)_【答答案案】He was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.2021/8/11 星期三165ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的感到惭愧或羞耻的(为表语形容词为表语形容词)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)be ashamed of(doing)sth.因因(做了做了)某事而感到羞愧某事而感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth.耻耻于于做做某某事事；因因难难为为情情而而不不愿愿做做某某事事feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧替某人感到羞愧be ashamed that.对对感到内疚感到内疚(2)shame n羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事shameful adj.不体面的不体面的shameless adj.不知羞耻的不知羞耻的2021/8/11 星期三17She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.她因考她因考试试不及格而感到羞愧。不及格而感到羞愧。She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.她羞于告她羞于告诉诉任何人自己任何人自己爱爱上了他。上了他。I feel ashamed that I havent written for so long.我很久未曾写信，甚我很久未曾写信，甚为惭为惭愧。愧。It is a shame that you cant stay with us.你不能留下来和我你不能留下来和我们们在一起，真是太在一起，真是太遗遗憾了。憾了。2021/8/11 星期三18诱导展望诱导展望对对于于同同源源词词汇汇 ashamed,shameful和和shameless的的辨辨析析易易成成为高考考查的知识点，必须加以特别注意：为高考考查的知识点，必须加以特别注意：ashamed指某人因某事而感到羞耻、惭愧；通常作表语。指某人因某事而感到羞耻、惭愧；通常作表语。shameful指指事事情情或或行行为为本本身身可可耻耻、不不道道德德。既既可可作作表表语语，也可作定语，主语或中心词是使人感到丢脸的人或事。也可作定语，主语或中心词是使人感到丢脸的人或事。shameless意意为为“无无耻耻的的，不不知知羞羞耻耻的的”，既既可可作作表表语语，也也可可作作定定语语，用用于于形形容容人人或或事事物物本本身身“恬恬不不知知耻耻的的”，“无无耻耻的的”。He is ashamed of his shameful conduct.他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。He is a shameless cheat.他是个无耻的骗子。他是个无耻的骗子。2021/8/11 星期三19【链接训练链接训练】He was _ of having asked such a silly question.Aashamed BshamesCsorry Dregret【解解析析】句句意意为为：他他因因问问了了个个这这么么傻傻的的问问题题而而感感到到羞羞愧。愧。be ashamed of 意思是意思是“因因而惭愧而惭愧”。【答案答案】A2021/8/11 星期三20Its really _ the way some people treat their pets.Aashamed that Bashamed forCshameful Dshameful in【解解析析】it 指指代代后后句句中中的的the way。shameful 意意为为“可可耻耻的的”。句意为：某些人对待他们宠物的方式真可耻。句意为：某些人对待他们宠物的方式真可耻。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三216risk 归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)risk可用作名词，意为可用作名词，意为“危险，风险；冒险对象危险，风险；冒险对象”。at all risks/at any risk无论冒什么风险；无论如何无论冒什么风险；无论如何at the risk of冒冒危险；拿危险；拿冒险冒险take/run a risk/risks 冒冒的危险；冒险的危险；冒险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒冒的危险做某事的危险做某事at risk(of)处于危险之中处于危险之中(in danger)(2)risk也也可可作作及及物物动动词词，意意为为“冒冒的的危危险险；使使遭遭受受危危险险；拿拿冒冒险险”，后后面面接接名名词词、代代词词或或动动名名词词作作宾宾语。语。2021/8/11 星期三22risk sth.以以作为赌注作为赌注risk doing sth.冒险做某事冒险做某事risk ones life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事冒着生命危险做某事The future of the company is at risk.公司的发展前景不妙。公司的发展前景不妙。He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。他冒着生命危险救了我的性命。I wouldnt run the risk of being late for work.我不会冒上班迟到的危险。我不会冒上班迟到的危险。She risked walking home alone at night.她冒险在夜里独自走回家。她冒险在夜里独自走回家。2021/8/11 星期三23【链接训练链接训练】To find the lost sheep，he even risked _ caught in a storm，which is dangerous.Ato get Bgetting Cto be got Dto getting【解解析析】考考查查 risk 接接动动词词ing形形式式作作宾宾语语的的用用法法。句句意意为为：为为了了找找到到丢丢失失的的羊羊，他他甚甚至至甘甘冒冒遭遭遇遇风风暴暴之之险险，那那真真的很危险。的很危险。【答案答案】B2021/8/11 星期三24The disease is spreading and all young children are _.Aat the riskBriskedCat riskDtaken a risk【解解析析】at riskin danger 意意为为“处处于于危危险险之之中中”。句句意为：这种疾病正在传播，所有的小孩都处于危险之中。意为：这种疾病正在传播，所有的小孩都处于危险之中。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三252021/8/11 星期三26They are due to start school in September.他他们们九月份就开始上学了。九月份就开始上学了。Have they been paid the money that is due to them?他他们应们应得的得的钱钱付付给给他他们们了了吗吗？Im due for a pay rise soon.不久就不久就该给该给我加工我加工资资了。了。诱导展望诱导展望due为为形形容容词词，使使用用时时其其前前常常加加 be 动动词词。而而在在书书面面表表达达中，考生易将其当作动词使用。中，考生易将其当作动词使用。2021/8/11 星期三27【链接训练链接训练】Finally，the judge said the accident _ the heavy snow，so the money _ be paid by the driver.Awas due to；should not Bdue to；shouldCdue to；should not Dis due to；was due to【解解析析】考考查查 due to 的的用用法法。due to 为为介介词词短短语语，主主要要有有“由由于于”和和“约约定定的的”两两个个意意思思，前前面面加加系系动动词词才才能能作作谓谓语，故排除语，故排除B、C两项；再由句中两项；再由句中 said 知应用过去时，故选知应用过去时，故选A。【答案答案】A2021/8/11 星期三282get into(一般不用于被一般不用于被动语态动语态)(1)使使(某人某人)陷入困境陷入困境/遇到困遇到困难难等；等；处处于，达到于，达到get into debt负债负债get into trouble/a temper惹上麻惹上麻烦烦/发发脾气脾气(2)养成做某事的养成做某事的(习惯习惯)，习惯习惯于于get into the way/habit/routine of doing sth.学学做做某某事事的的方方法法/养成做某事的养成做某事的习惯习惯/学做某事之常学做某事之常规规(3)开始开始对对感感兴兴趣；熟悉，学会趣；熟悉，学会2021/8/11 星期三29归纳拓展归纳拓展get的相关短语：的相关短语：get(sth.)across(to sb.)(使某事为人使某事为人)理解理解get along/on with事情进展；相处事情进展；相处get around/about四处走动；活动四处走动；活动get away(from)逃脱；离开逃脱；离开get through 通过；拨通通过；拨通(电话电话)；经历；经历get over 克服困难；康复；爬过，越过克服困难；康复；爬过，越过2021/8/11 星期三30The business went worse and worse soon he got into debt.生意越来越糟，很快他生意越来越糟，很快他负债负债累累。累累。He got into trouble with the police while he was still at school.他他还还在上学在上学时时就与警方就与警方产产生生过纠纷过纠纷。He got into the habit of walking home through the park by 10 years old.他十他十岁岁之前就养成了穿之前就养成了穿过过公园步行回家的公园步行回家的习惯习惯。Lots of my friends are getting into Green politics.我的我的许许多朋友多朋友对绿对绿色政治感色政治感兴兴趣。趣。2021/8/11 星期三31【链接训练链接训练】When I was very young，I was terribly frightened of school，but I soon _ it _.Agot；off Bgot；acrossCgot；away Dgot；over【解解析析】get over意意为为“熬熬过过，克克服服”，符符合合句句意意。get across“理解理解”；get away“逃离逃离”；get off下车。下车。【答案答案】D2021/8/11 星期三323in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管虽然；不顾；尽管同类辨析同类辨析in spite of，despite与与although/though(1)in spite of与与despite同同义义，常常可可换换用用。表表让让步步关关系系，后后接接名名词词或或名名词词短短语语。in spite of为为普普通通用用语语，despite多多用用于于书书面语言，面语言，despite 不与不与 of 连用。连用。in spite of n.despite(prep)n.(2)although/though也也是是“尽尽管管；不不管管；虽虽然然”的的意意思思，但但用用作作从从属属连连词词，后后面面接接让让步步状状语语从从句句。in spite of the fact that.(同位语从句同位语从句)although从句。从句。2021/8/11 星期三33We went out despite/in spite of the rain.尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。We went out although/though it was raining.尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。尽管在下雨，我们还是出去了。Kelly loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.尽管她丈夫酗酒，尽管她丈夫酗酒，凯凯莉仍然莉仍然爱爱着他。着他。2021/8/11 星期三34【链接训练链接训练】He always did well at school _ having to do parttime jobs every now and then.Ain case of Bin spite ofCregardless of Don account of【解解析析】句句意意为为：尽尽管管他他不不时时要要去去做做一一些些兼兼职职工工作作，他他的的功功课课仍仍然然很很好好。in case of 意意为为“假假如如，如如果果发发生生”；in spite of 意意为为“尽尽管管”；regardless of 意意为为“不不顾顾，不不考考虑虑”；on account of 意为意为“由于由于的原因的原因”。【答案答案】B2021/8/11 星期三35_the inborn advantages，Alex works hard because he loves being an actor.AIn place of BIn common withCIn spite of DIn time of【解析解析】in spite of是介词短语，表示让步。是介词短语，表示让步。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三364Would/Do you mind if I.?归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)Would you mind.？后后面面接接名名词词、动动名名词词以以及及if引引导导的的从从句句。if从从句句中中要要用用一一般般过过去去时时表表示示虚虚拟拟语语气气。但但Do you mind后的后的if从句不用过去时态。从句不用过去时态。(2)回回答答Would you mind或或Do you mind.？问问句句时时，一一定定要特别注意前后文的一致性。要特别注意前后文的一致性。常常见见的的表表“不不介介意意”的的答答语语有有：Certainly not；Not at all；Not a bit；No，go ahead。表表“介介意意”的的答答语语有有：Im sorry，but I do；Yes，I do mind；Im sorry，but youd better not。2021/8/11 星期三37Would you mind my smoking？我抽烟你不介意吧？我抽烟你不介意吧？Would you mind if I open the window?我打开窗子你介意吗？我打开窗子你介意吗？I cant hear the news clearly.Would you mind if I turned up the radio?我听不清新闻，你介意我把收音机音量调大点吗？我听不清新闻，你介意我把收音机音量调大点吗？2021/8/11 星期三38【链接训练链接训练】Would you mind_over one seat？My wife and I can sit together._；Id like to help you.Amove；Yes Bmoving；Of course notCto move；Of course Dmoving；Certainly【解解析析】would you mind.？后后接接名名词词、动动名名词词或或if引引导导的的从从句句，故故排排除除A、C项项；回回答答Would you mind.？问问句句时时，表表“不不介介意意”的的答答语语有有certainly not，of course not等等。故故正正确确答案为答案为B。【答案答案】B2021/8/11 星期三39it 的用法的用法()1it的基本用法的基本用法(1)it 代替前文已提到代替前文已提到过过的一件事物。的一件事物。The vase is valuable.Its more than 200 years old.那个花瓶很珍那个花瓶很珍贵贵，它有，它有200多年的多年的历历史。史。(2)当当说说话话者者不不清清楚楚或或没没必必要要知知道道说说话话对对象象的的性性别别时时，也也可用可用 it 来表示，起指示代来表示，起指示代词词的作用。的作用。2021/8/11 星期三40Who is making such a noise?是是谁发谁发出出这样这样的吵的吵闹闹声？声？It must be the children.一定是孩子一定是孩子们们。(3)it 无无指指代代性性，常常用用作作没没有有具具体体意意义义的的主主语语，出出现现于于表表示示天天气气、气气候候、季季节节、温温度度、时时间间、地地点点、距距离离、环环境境情情况况等意等意义义的句子中。的句子中。It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.这这里离最近的医院有六英里。里离最近的医院有六英里。It was very cold.It snowed and grew dark.天很冷；下着雪，天天很冷；下着雪，天变变黑了。黑了。It was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.此刻非常吵此刻非常吵闹闹/安静。安静。2021/8/11 星期三41(4)it 也常用来表示一般的，也常用来表示一般的，笼统笼统的情况。的情况。Its awfulIve got so much work but I dont know where to start.糟透了糟透了我有我有这这么多工作要做，却不知从何开始。么多工作要做，却不知从何开始。(5)it 还还可可在在介介词词后后占占有有宾宾语语的的位位置置，然然后后通通过过 that 引引出出一个介一个介词宾语词宾语从句。从句。You may depend on it that they will support you.你放心好了，他你放心好了，他们们会支持你的。会支持你的。2021/8/11 星期三42(6)it可可用用在在主主语语的的位位置置，代代替替不不定定式式、动动名名词词或或从从句句作作形式主形式主语语，使句子保持平衡，避免，使句子保持平衡，避免头头重脚重脚轻轻。Its important for us to master the computer skills.对对我我们们来来说说，掌握，掌握计计算机技能十分重要。算机技能十分重要。Its no use trying to lose weight without keeping your diet.想减肥却不想减肥却不节节制制饮饮食是没用的。食是没用的。It is said that the meeting will not be held.据据说说会会议议不开了。不开了。(7)it也也可可用用在在宾宾语语的的位位置置，代代替替不不定定式式、动动名名词词或或从从句句作形式作形式宾语宾语，使句子，使句子结结构更加构更加紧紧凑。凑。2021/8/11 星期三43I found it quite pleasant to work with him.我我发现发现和他在一起工作很愉快。和他在一起工作很愉快。I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble.我我认为认为不不值值得得费这费这么大的么大的劲劲。We took it for granted that they would like the idea.我我们们想当然地想当然地认为认为他他们们会喜会喜欢这欢这个主意。个主意。(8)用在某些用在某些词组词组中，没有特殊意中，没有特殊意义义。Thats it.那正是我想知道的。那正是我想知道的。At last weve made it.我我们终们终于成功了。于成功了。2021/8/11 星期三442it 引起的几个常用句式引起的几个常用句式(1)It is/has been/wassome timesince 从从句句。此此句句型型可可译为译为“自从自从以来已以来已经经有多有多长时间长时间了了”。It is fifteen years since she left Shanghai.自从她离开上海已自从她离开上海已经经有有15年了。年了。It is fifteen years since she lived in Shanghai.她不住在上海已她不住在上海已经经有有15年了。年了。It is fifteen years since she came to Shanghai.自从她来上海已自从她来上海已经经有有15年了。年了。注注意意：终终止止性性动动词词表表示示从从动动作作发发生生时时算算起起；如如果果是是状状态态动词动词或持或持续续性性动词动词，则则从从动动作或状作或状态结态结束束时时算起。算起。2021/8/11 星期三45Itbe具具体体时时间间when.。此此句句型型可可译译为为“当当某某事事发发生生时时，时间时间是在是在”。It was the next morning when we finished our work.那是到了第二天早晨我那是到了第二天早晨我们们才完成了工作。才完成了工作。(2)It was(not)some timebefore 从从句句。此此句句型型可可译译为为“过过了了(没没过过)多多长时间长时间才才(就就)”。It will(not)besome timebefore从从句句。此此句句型型可可译译为为“要要过过(用不了用不了)多多长时间长时间才才(就就)”。It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.没没过过多久她就多久她就记记熟熟这这些些诗诗了。了。It was long before the police arrived.过过了很了很长时间长时间警察才赶到。警察才赶到。It will be hours before he makes a decision.他需要好几个小他需要好几个小时时才能作出决定。才能作出决定。2021/8/11 星期三462021/8/11 星期三47【链接训练链接训练】With so many people communicating in English every day，_ will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.Ait Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【解解析析】在在这这个个句句子子中中it是是形形式式主主语语，to do sth.是是真真正正的主语。的主语。【答案答案】A2021/8/11 星期三48His sudden look of fear made _ clear that he had something to do with the matter.Ahim Bthis Cit Dthat【解解析析】it是是形形式式宾宾语语，代代替替后后面面的的宾宾语语从从句句that he had something to do with the matter。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三49_is very hard for those who havent been to small villages to describe their beauty.AThat BAs CIt DThis【解解析析】It isadj.for sb.to do sth.为为固固定定结结构构。句句意意为为：对对于于没没有有去去过过那那些些小小村村庄庄的的人人来来说说描描述述它它们们的的美美丽丽是是很难的。很难的。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三50_ the people have become masters of their country _ science can really serve the people.AIt is only then；that BIt was that；whenCIt is only when；that DIt was when；then【解解析析】考考查查强强调调句句型型的的用用法法。被被强强调调部部分分是是一一个个状状语语从从句句，第第二二个个空空用用that。句句意意为为：只只有有当当人人民民当当家家作作主主时时，科学才能真正为人民服务。科学才能真正为人民服务。【答案答案】C2021/8/11 星期三512021/8/11 星期三52