2021小升初英语总复习第二讲形容词、副词知识点讲解+练习.docx

第二讲:形容词、副词、【考点解读】小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词,开始学习形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)的用法及区别, 特别是比较等级的表达方式。小朋友要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别,比较级最高级表达及运用,并且能够在句子中 熟练运用它们。二、【知识讲解】知识点1形容词形容词定义是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小,形状,颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状 态。主要修饰名词和代词。1、形容词的句法作用(1)形容词+名词,作定语:a good girl (good作girl的定语)(形容词排列顺序参见第一讲:名词)(2)系动词+形容词,作表语:It is good. / It sounds great, (good/ great 表明 it 的状态和性质)部分表语形容词,只能位于系动词后面作表语,不能作定语eg ： alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill(3)动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语:(make/keep/find.adj.)Robots can make humans lazy, (humans 是宾语,lazy 作宾补)What he said kept me calmer and calmer.All of us find English difficult.(4)形容词或词组,+句子/句子,+形容词或词组,做状语He arrived home, hungry and cold.(5)数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词(形容词后置)eg ： two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.(6) the+形容词,表示一类人,：the old老人 the young年轻人the rich富人the poor 穷人以上的这些词组表示的是复数,所以谓语动词用原形。eg : The rich often enjoy their life in America.(7)形似副词的形容词lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly, early,ugly.E.g. She is very lovely and friendly.My grandmother lives alone, but she's never lonely.(8)以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物,以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人eg ： exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed特殊的:pleasant令人愉快的人或物,pleased人感到满意愉快的(9) 些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式be sorry / sad to do sth.eg ： be glad / happy to do sth.be ready / able to do sth.(10)只能作定语的形容词be easy / difficult to do sth.eg ： little, only, wooden, woolen, eldera little girl the wooden table the woolen gloves2、形容词的常见句式(1) It's 同 of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事.”用法:这句型中,用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词 常见的有:nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong(2) It's ladjl for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说.”常用的形容词有:difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interestingE.g. It's difficult to finish this task by myself.It's dangerous for you to swim alone here.知识点2副词一 .副词的定义副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。它表示行为状况或性质特征,如时间、 地点、方式、程度、范围等。二 .副词的构成(1)本身就是副词,例如:now(现在),there(那里),always(总是)。(2)形容词变成副词adj.+-ly构成adv.变化形式示例一般直接在adj.词尾加一lyslow-slowly, strong-strongly, careful-carefullyadj.以-le结尾,去e加-ygentle-gently, possible-possibly以e结尾,直接加一ly。complete-completely,safe-safely 例:irue-truly以y结尾,y变为i,再加一lyheavy-heavily, angry-angrily(3)形容词和畐词同形的词如1表:adjadvadjadvadjadvfastfastearlyearlylatelatehardhardfarfaralonealonedailydailymonthlymonthlyyearlyyearlyenoughenoughhighhighwellwell三、8词的种类序名称例:1时间副词yesterday,today, tomorrow, now,.ago,later,recently,lately,before,since.2频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes,once,twice,seldom,every.3方式副词slowly, quickly, clearly, early,4地点副词ahead, back, down, up, here, there, out,upstairs,downstairs,every where5程度副词enough,too,quiet, very,rather,extremely,terribly,pretty6连续副词so （如此），then （那么），yet （到现在），too （也）7疑问副词when(ever),where (ever), why,how(ever)疑问副词的具体用法疑问副词提问部分例句where地点The boy is in the classroom.Where is the boy?when时间I get up at six every morning.When do you get up?why原因I am late because I got ud late.Why are you late?how方式I go to school by bus.How do you go to school?how often频率I go to the park once a month.How often do you go to the park?how soon多久后I will leave in wo weeks.How soon will you leave?how many数量They have five peaches.How many peaches do they have?how much价格The pencil is three yuan.How mucn is the pencil?how long多久I spent five hours doing it.How long did you spend doing it?how tall高度The tree is 5 metres tall.How tall is the tree?how deep深度The hole is 6 centimetres deep.How deep is the hole?how old年龄They were 21 years old .How old are they?how far距离It is five minutes' walk from A to B. How far is it from A to B?四、副词的句法作用adv.在句中作状语示例V.+ adv.The time passed quickly (副词 quickly 修饰动词 passed)adv. + adj.It's quite warm here.(副词 quite 修饰形容词 warm)adv. + adv.He was driving ralher fast.（rather修饰畐词fast; fast修饰动词drive）adv. +句子Luckily, he went across the exam.（修饰整个句子）知识点3形容词和副词的比较等级-形容词/副词比较等级的构成1）规则变化比较级和最高级构成规则示例原形比较级最高级单音一般在词尾加er/-esttalltallertallest以不发音的字母e结尾+-r/-stlatelaterlatest重读闭音节:一元+一辅 双写辅音字母+er/estfatfatterfattestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母+结尾, y变为i,再加一er/-esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest多音节及部分双音节前加 more/mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulseriousmore seriousmost seriousoftenmore oftenmost oftenbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful以y/er/le/-ow结尾的形容词 有两种构成方式:力-er/est,或力。 more/mostclevercleverercleverestmore clevermost cleversimplesimplersimplestmore simplemost simple分词作形容词, 在其前加more/mostboringmore boringmost boringinterestingmoreinterestingmost interestingtiredmore tiredmost tired2）不规则变化原形比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest注意区别:farther只表示距离上“更远的”further引申义,指程度上“更进步的”。elder指“年长的”,常修饰人,用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例 :The elder sister gave her little sister an apple.older 指“年纪较大的,较老的,较旧的”,修饰人或物都行。既可作定语,也可作表语,可用于than引导的比较状语从句。例如:The older man in the photo is my grandfather.We work in an older building.Your bag is older than mine.二、形容词/副词各等级的用法:（-）原级用法1）有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, enoush, q副te等修饰时.用其原级 如:The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.2）表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。肯定句中的结构:“A+ as +形容词/副词原级+as + B”。如:English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.,否定句中的结构:“A+notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as + B 如:Lesson One isn't as （so） difficult as Lesson Two.否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。如:Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.3）表示A是B的倍时,A.+倍数+as +形容词原级+as+BOur school is three times/twice as big as theirs.The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.（二）比较级用法1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级,其结构为“A+比较级+than + B二如:I am taller than you. He did better than me.注意:在比较时,要注意比较的对象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours.（不用you）2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时,用形容词/副词的比较级。如:Ifs much warmer today.This bottle is a little bigger than that one.3）在两者之间进行选择,“哪个更”,用句型“Which/Whois+形容词/副词比较级,AorB?”如:Who is taller, Mike or Ted?Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?4）表示“两者之间”最的个" （of the two）”时,常用“the +比较级”结构。如:Bob is the taller of the two boys.Being is the bigger of the two.5）表示“越来越”时,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+ and +比较级”,句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用“ more and more +原级”结构。如:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.6）表示“越就越”时，用“the +比较级,the +比较级”结构。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. （三）最髙级用法1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接个in/of短语来表示范围。如:Whafs the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys. 形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不能再用定冠词the。如:Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Whoisthe+最髙级,A,Bor C?C如 : Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?3）表示“最的之一”时,用“。ne of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。如:Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.4）形容词最高级前可加序数词,表示“第几最”。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。如:Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.6）表示倍数的三个结构:Cl）be + 倍数 + as .as : The house is three times as big as that one .J be + 倍数 + 比较级 +than : The house is three times bigger than that one l be + 倍数 + the + 名词（尺寸,长度）+of : The pencil is twice the lengt h of that one .Xso+形容词/副词,§uch+a+形容词+可数名词单数,such+形容词+可数名词复数表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物 如:Lily ran as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢）They picked as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果和农民一样多）表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+ as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+. 如:Lily did not run as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢） They didn't pick as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果不如农民多）三、【典例探究】【例题1】（）1. Which do you like , the city or the country?A. wellB. betterC. bestD. good答案:B （解析:两者之间进行比较,要用比较级,所以选择B） （）2. Tom plays football Simon.A. as good as B. as well as C. well than D. as better as答案:B （解析:as.as结构中间要用原级,所以可以排除D项,than前面要用比较级,所 以可以排除C项。本句中是足球踢的好要用副词来修饰,所以只能选择B。但是学生在这 里面需要掌握些特殊形容词的比较级和最高级。比如good/wellbetter-best； bad/badly/illworseworst ;其中well既可以做形容词,又可以作副词,作形容词的时候只能形容身体好,小升初经常考查和good的区别用法。）（）3. you speak English, you spoken English can be.A. More; betterB. The more; the betterC. The more; betterD. More; the better答案:B （解析:本题考查“the+比较级，the+比较级.”的用法,含义是“越.越.”直接 可以确定答案B。）（）4. An underground train can run than a ship.A. much faster B. more faster C. much fast D. more fast答案:A （解析:本题主要考查学生“ much后面加比较级,more后面加多音节形容词的原级”的用法,学生只要牢记这个用法,就一定可以选出正确的答案。） 四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1I.写出下列形容词的反义词。1. little _ 2. full3. few4. near5. fat 6. long7, dry8. old9. quick _ 10, smooth11. happy 12. early13. new _ 14. hungry15. wrong 16. same17. dark18. left19.poor20. hard21. easy 一 22. free23. dirty24. large25. tall _26. white 27.cheap 28. light【答案】1. big/much; 2. hungry/empty; 3. little; 4. far; 5. thin; 6. short; 7. wet;8. new/young 9. slow;10. rough;11 .unhappy/sad; 12. late;13. old;14. full;15.right 16.difterent17. bright;18. right;19. rich;20.easy/soft;21 .difficult/hard; 22. busy;23. clean;24. small;25. short;26. black;27. dear/expensive;28.heavy;IL Choose the best answer.选择正确答案。()1. Don't cross the road, it's.A. niceB. earlyC. dangerousD. late()2. What colour is the panda? It's.A. redB. blackC. whiteD. black and white()3. The apple tree is very.A. tallB. longC. highD. strong()4. The cheese in the bottle smells.A. niceB. softC. whiteD. hard()5. Jenny's bell is too.A. quiteB. quietC. strongD. tired()6. The car is, but it is very nice.A. newB. bigC. oldD. cheap()7. Is your grandma?-Yes, she is.A. prettyB. longC. handsomeD.young()8. The baby is sleeping. Please keep.A. quietB. quiteC. noiseD. Noisy()9. There are pictures on the wall.A. two new pinkB. two pink and newC. two pink newD. two new and pink()10. Don't leave now. I have to tell you.A. nothing importantB. important anythingC. something importantD. important something【答案】I.C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.CIII. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms用所给单词的适当形式填 空。1. You're too(noise)! Be quiet!2. How is Jane today?-He is very.It's really news, (good)3. Mike is an boy. (America)4. Spring is a season, (beauty)5. Be careful! The knife is. (danger)6. English is my subject. I like it best, (favour)7. Take an umbrella. It is a day. (rain)【答案】!. noisy; 2. well; good; 3. American; 4. beautiful; 5. dangerous; 6. favourite; 7. rainy 【练习2】I. Change the following adjectives into adverbs.(写出下列形容词的副词形式)1. unhappy5. fast_ 2. early6. careful_3. hard7. beautiful4. excited8. usual9. sure13. busy17. late【答案】1. unhappily;10. safe14. cheap18. possible2. early;3. hard;_11. good15. different12.important16. polite4. excitedly;5. fast; 6. carefully; 7. beautifully; 8. usually;9. surely;10. safely; 11, well; 12. importantly; 13. busily; 14. che叩ly;15. differently; 16. politely; 17. late; 18. possibly;IL Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.(根据答句,填入特殊疑问词)1 . A:is the boy in blue?B: He's Mike.2. A:wallet is it?8: It's mine.3. A:is the diary?8: It's under the chair.4. A:is the Christmas Day?8: It's on the 25th of December.5. A:are the earphones?8: They are 25 Yuan.6. A:is the hairdryer?B: It's blue.7. A:is it today?B: It's Sunday.8. A:was it yesterday?8: It was the 13th of October.9. A:is it from here?B: It's about two kilometers away.10. A:is your cousin?8: He's 15 years old.H . A:do you have dinner?9: At 6 o'clock.12. A:does your brother swim?8: Twice a week.13. A:is the bag?8: It's 2 kilograms.14. A:is the desk?8: It's 3 meters.15. A:did you stay in America?8: For two years.16. A:will you come back.B: In five minutes.【答案】! .Who; 2.Whose; 3.Where;4.When; 5.How much; 6, What color; 7,What day;8. What date; 9.How far; 10. How old; 1 LWhat time; 12.How often;13. How heavy; 14. How long; 15 How long; 16 How soonIII. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）1. -；times did you play basketball a week?Three times!A. How manyB. How oftenC. How longD. How far2. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city.A. so a beautifulB. very a beautifulC. such beautifulD. such a beautiful3. Mr. Smith said to Billy, “Your idea sounds.”A. clearlyB. fluentlyC. goodD. loud4. Jack got very with me for not having written back to him in time.A. angryB. angrilyC. worseD. worst5.1 study very, but he studies on Sunday.A. hardly; hardlyB. hardly; hard C. hard; hardD. hard; hardly【答案】1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.DIV. Fill in the blanks with the words so, such or such a.（在下列空格中填入 so, such 或 sucha）1. It's difficult for him to understand because his teacher speaks quickly.2.1 like John and Mary. They're nice people.3. It was a great holiday. We had good time.4. It was surprised that he looked well after his recent illness.5. Everything is expensive these days, isn't it?6. The weather is lovely, isn't it? I didn't expect it to be nice day.6.1 have to go. I didn't realize it was late.8. He always looks good. He wears nice clothes.9. They've gotmuch money that they don't know what to do with it.答案l.so; 2. such; 3. such a; 4. so; 5. so; 6. such a; 7. so; 8. such; 9. so【巩固】【练习!l.在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空,使句子完整、正确。（1）wrong short difficult fat wet far dry empty sharp lazy1. My elder brother is, he can't run fast.2. Look, the glass is. There isn't any water in it.3. The sun can make the wet sweater.4. I am not a child. I often help my mother with her housework.5. It is in spring in Shanghai. It often rains.6. These problems are not for me. I can deal with（处理）them.7. We must be careful with knives because they are.8. My uncle lives from us. We go to see him by underground.9. It's nine now. But my watch is nine five. It is.10. Linda looks like a boy. She has very hair.【答案】!.fat; 2. empty; 3