2017考研英语基础班讲义.docx

考研英将基砒班稀基础词汇主编:Ada司内部讲义翻版必究考研英语基础词汇内部讲义本次课程基本情况介绍:1、授课时间:2、授课目标:1）掌握考研真题中常考高频词汇和短语2）熟悉基础阶段词汇备考方向3、授课特点:1）直击重点,把握核心词汇考点,提高综合应试能力。2）笔记较多,互动性强。4、授课思路：以真题为中心进行核心词汇全面透彻剖析第一章:单词记忆方法“三分”原则分频一:认知词汇二：高频词汇分题一：写作词汇二：阅读词汇阅读词汇分类 一:专业词汇二：熟词生义三:固定搭配四:构词方法一.熟词生义1) 80%可猜测例 1. women are particularly likely to develop depression and anxiety disorder in response to stress compared to men.例2. Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over threedecades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.例3.The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks tojelieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2) 20%特殊含义例 1.1 dig your sister.You got a beef with me?You cannot pick one me just because i got a pretty face.例2. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.译文:义愤填膺似乎并非只是人类所特有的。例3During the same period,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.例4. “There's no career counseling implicit in all of this." Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.The expression "tip service" (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.A advisory.B compensation.C interaction.D reminder.例 5. Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother: "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck,(line6.para.5)shows that.A. Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B. Alvarez's salary barely covered her household expenses.C. Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D. Alvarez paid practically everything by check.二.构词猜词法例 1. Contemporary/contemptuous /contemptible /contemplativePresident/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidyPerish/persevere/perplex/perceive例2. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him."Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is.A influential B modestC respectable D talented例3. In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means.A. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing三.总结写作词汇写作技巧ObviousGoodBadAdvantageDisadvantage遣词造句:some folks argue that.has some merits,which can be listed as follows. Initially,. additionally,. accordingly,.It is apparent that the cartoonist endeavors to put a spotlight on, which is one of the most essential qualities in the MiddleKingdom.四.常见猜词方法1.重述猜词法例 1. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.例 2. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.例 3. We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.20.The word tpervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might meanA widespreadB overwhelmingC piercingD fashionable例 4. In this intensely and fiercely competitive society, collaboration is on no account an option but a must if he or she has an urge to attain success. Stated in another way, one will accomplish nothing if he or she lacks this quality.2.逻辑猜词法(连接词猜词法)例 1. Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal例 2. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.29.The sentence "This is no flashin the pan” (line 5, paragraph 3) means that.A the low inflation rate willlast for some timeB the inflation rate will soonriseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD there is no inflation at present例3. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties - he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.例 4. Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only列 5. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.20. A provided B since C although D supposing 例 6. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore3.实词/虚词猜词法例 1. As the economy picks up, opportunities for aspiring leaders will abound.例 2. Americans machine-tool industry was on the rope.例 3. clouds may come,but clouds must go,and they all have a silver lining. For behind each cloud, the sun, or moon is shining.例 4.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either.31. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet" (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means.A Spero can hardly maintain her business.B Spero is too much engaged in her work.C Spero has grown out of her bad habit.DI Spero is not in a desperate situation.4.通过感情色彩猜词例 1 .“Benefits" have been weighed 20 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.20. A above B upon C against D with例 2. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign childhood obesity even admitting that it represents our greatest national security threat.A for B against C with D without例 3. his argument is that the unusual history of these people has 45 them to unique evolutionary pressure that haveresulted in this state of affairs.43. A. limited B.subjected C.converted D.directed五.近义辨析近形辨析区分义项近义辨析:名词:例 l.By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million of thesenations looked hopefully to the futureA natives B inhabitants C peoples DI individuals.例 2.When homeless individuals manage to find a that will givethem three meals a day and a place to sleep at night.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse例 3.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners.10 .A case B means Cmethod Dway例 4.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send jj_ to the brain.11 . Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses动词:例 ! 48enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins.48. (A) Supplying (B) Getting (C) Providing (D) Furnishing 例 2.Too often, careless use of words 3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 4unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.3.A encourages B prevents C destroy DI offers例 3.When working on radio, for example, they had become 2 to seeing on behalf of the listener.Alexperienced Bl determined C established DI accustomed例 4.Changes in the social structure may directly juvenile crimerates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. (2004)A.affect B.reduce C.check D. reflect形容词:例 l.A variety of small clubs can provide (30) opportunities for leadership.30. A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple列 2. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.14. Aineffective Bincompetent CinefficientDinsufficient15. Aintroduce Blsummon Ctrigger DJcreate近形辨析例 1. Economic /economical; economy; economizecontemptuous ； contemptible; contemplative; contemporary Intellect; intellectual; intelligence; intelligent;例 2.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, LordIrvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 44.Aillogical B illegal C improbable D improper例 3.A man respires, aspires,perspires,inspires,and finally expires.第二章核心词根,词缀时间前缀1.之前:fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-Fore-1) foremost最前面的,最重要的,一流的2) foresee预见3) forefather先父Pre-/pri4) predict预言,预告,预测5) precede先于,优于6) preface前言,开端7) premium保险;奖金8) prehistoric史前的9) preschool学龄前的,幼儿园10) prime最初,最好的,一流的11) primitive原始的12) privilege给予特权13) prior优先的,在前的14) priority 优先权Pro-15) professor 教授Confess:坦诚,坦白;忏悔Frank:坦白的;坦率的16) prospect 前景17) propel推进;驱使2.之后:post1) postmodern2) postwar3) 同时:co-/com-/con-/cor-/col-/cor-Co-1) cooperate 合作2) coordinate 协调,调整Col-4) colleague 同事,同僚5) collaborate 合作,通敌6) collocation 排歹!);搭配Com-7)combine 结合8) compact合同;协定9) compensate 赔偿10) compe! 迫使11) compassion 同情;怜悯Passion:激情Cor-12) correspondent 通讯员; 记者媒体类常用术语:Con-13) contact碰;接触;联系14) contract合同;契约15) conflict 冲突16) confess坦白;忏悔17) condemn 谴责18) confine局限;限制19) contaminate 汚染;20) contemplate 沉思;凝视4.再次:re-1) reconstruct 重建,改造2) redefine 重新定义3) remold 改造,重塑4) reevaluate 再评估5) recycle再循环6) reclassify重新分类名词后缀1 .表示“人或职业者”意义的名词后缀:-ist/-er/-or/-ee/-eer/-ant/-an/-ian/-ent/-ist1) Typist2) psychologist3) linguist4) geneticist5) therapist6) activist积极行动者;活跃分子Activity:积极性;活跃度;行动,活动7) nationalist-er/-or8) drawer9) bachelor10) carrier11) conductor12) ancestor-eer13) sightseer14) volunteer15) pioneer-ee16) employee17) refugee18) examinee19) trainee20) payee-ant21) immigrant22) descendant23) consultant25) assistant-an26) Italian27) politician28) librarian29) physician30) historianIndianCivilian-ent31) correspondent32) client33) president34) agent2.抽象名词:-hood身份,性质,时代/-ship状态;性质 /-dom/-ance/-ence 性质;状态/-tion/-sion/-cion 动作;状态/-sim 主义/-ment/-ness/-ery/-age 状态;集合;/-al/-ing/-ity/-ics/-ty-hood1) Livelihood生活;生计;营生2) neighbourhood居住区;周边地区;接近3)likelihood可能;可能性4) adulthood成年;成年期-ship5) Scholarship奖学金;学术；学识6) ownership所有权;所有制;物主身份7) hardship困苦;苦难8) leadership领导;带路;指引;领导能力-dom9) freedom 自由10) kingdom界;领域;王国-ance/-encell)AHowance允许;津贴;补贴12)performance 表现； 表演13)appliance器具；机械;家用电器14)insurance 保险-cion/-tion/-sion15)Consumption消费;肺病;耗尽16)depression洼地;盆地;抑郁;抑郁症;不景气;低气压17)invasion入侵;侵略；侵犯;侵袭18)assimilation 同化；19)modernization 现代化21 Notification通知;通告;告示22)desperation 绝望;孤注掷-ism22)Consumerism 消费主义;23)racism种族主义24)journalism 新闻业25)optimism乐观;乐观主义26)feminism女权运动；女权主义；-ment27)requirement 要求28)payment报答;报应;付款29)treatment治疗；疗法；处理；对待30)argument争吵;论证；论据31)appointment约会;任命；职务-ness32)consciousness 思识33)casualness 随便34)illness 疾病-cy35)efficiency 效率36)emergency紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻37)tendency趋势;倾向;癖好38)literacy读写能力;精通文学-age39)luggage行李;皮箱40)storage存储;仓库;贮藏所41)lineage 血统;42)passage段落;经过;通路43)shortage缺乏;缺少;不足44)shrinkage 收缩;减轻45)usage使用;用法；惯例-al46)professional专业的;职业的;专业人员47)individual个人的;个体的;个人;个体48)approval批准;认可；赞成49)arrival到来;到达;降临50)removal移除;移动;搬迁；免职-ity5 l)similarity 相似性52)personality个性;品质；名人53)uniformity 一致；同样；均匀性54)curiosity好奇；珍品;古董；古玩-ics55)ethics伦理学;道德标准56)economics经济学；国家的经济状况;57)electronics 电子字58)mechanics机械学;力学专业前缀L生命,生物:bio-1) biology 生物学2) biologica! 生物学的3) biologist 生物学家4) biotic生物的5) biomass生物数量6) biomedical 生物医学的7) ) bioethics生物伦理学8) biography 传记9) biographica! 传记的10) biographer 传记作者2.人:anthro-Zdemo-1) anthropology 人类学2) democracy 民主3) democratic 民主的4) democratizing 民主化的5) demographics 人口统计学3.自己,自动:self-Zauto-1) self-confident 自信的2) self-restrained 自我克制的3) automatic 自动的,机械的4) automobile 汽车5) autonomous 自治的6) auto-pilot 自动驾驶7) 基因,天生1) gene基因2) genetics遗传学3) genius天赋,天才4) gender性别5) 神经:neuro-1) neurology 申经学2) neurologist 神经学者,神经科专6 .精神、心理:ment- / psych-1) menta! 精神的,心理的2) psychology 心理学3) psychological 心理的4) psychologist 心理学家5) psychiatry 精神病学7 .生态、环境:eco-1) ecology 生态学2) eco-system 生态系统8 .地球:geo-1)geology 地质学2) geography 地理学3) geometry几何学4) geophysics地球物理学9 .社会:soci-1) society社会,社团2) social 社会的3) sociology 社会学4) econometric计量经济学的5) socioeconomic社会经济学的10 .经济:econo-1) economy 经济2) economic 经济的3) economics 经济学4) econometric计量经济学的5) socioeconomic社会经济学的11.远:tele-1) television电视2) telephone电话3) telescope 望远镜4) telegraph 电报5) telecommunications 长途通讯,电信,6) teleconference 远程会议态度前缀1 .反对:anti-/counter-/contra-/para-/opAnti:1) anti-smoking反对吸烟的2) anti-patent 反专利3) anti-consumerism 反消费主义4) anti-intellectualism 反唯智论5) antibacteria! 抗菌的Counter:6) counter-culture 反传统文化7) counterpart 对立的人或物8) counteract抵消,中和,阻碍9) counterbalance 平衡Contra-10) contrary相反的11) contrast对比,对照,差异12) contradict反驳,同相矛盾13) controversial 有争议的op-14)Opponent15)Optimistic16)optimism17)opposePara-18)Parade19)paralyze20) parallel21)paradise2.支持:pro-22) Pro-slavery23) pro-American否负前缀In-1) inequality 不平等2) incompetent不合格的,不胜任的3) inconclusive非决定的,尚无定论的4) insensitive 不敏感的im-5)immense无限的6) impair削弱111-7) impoverished 穷困的8) illogical不合逻辑的9) illiquid非流动资金的Ir-10) iiTegular 不规则的,无规律的11) irrelevant不相关的,不切题的2.un-1) uncover揭开;揭露2) unanswered未被回答的3) unexpected 想不到的,意外的4) unemployment 失业5) unparalleled无比的,空前的6) unsurpassed未被超越的,非常卓越的7) unprecedented 空前的8) unsustainable不可持续性的9) unfavorable令人不快的,不顺10) undo取消;解开;松开11) unveil揭开面纱;揭露3.non-1) nonstop不停的2) nonsense胡说,