2019小升初英语必考知识点易错题总结.docx

2019小升初英语必考知识点易错题总结-:学生易错词汇1. a, an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an ,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择:单数用is ,复数用are. I用am , you用are.3. have , has的选择:表示某人有某物。单数用has ,复数用have. I, you用have .4. there is, there are的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is ,复数用there are.5. some, any的选择肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what （什么）who （谁）where （哪里）whose （谁的）why （为什么）when（什么 时候）which （哪一个）how old （多大）how many （多少）how much （多少钱）二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么+动词be (am , is , are ) +形容词比较级+ than (tb ) +什么,如:r m taller and heavier than you.(我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger.一只大象比只老虎更大。)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:一般的直接在词尾加 er ,如 tall - taller, strong - stronger,以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine - finer,以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier双写最后的字母再加 er,如 big - bigger, thin - thinner ,hot - hotter注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:My hair is longer than yours.或 My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习:、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big How is the Yellow River? How is Mr Green? He' s 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It' s 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) I' m 12 years old. You' re 14.1' m than you.(2) A rabbit' s tail is than a monkey' s tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.(1)我比我的弟弟大三岁.r m than my brother. 这棵树要比那棵树高.This tree than that one.(3)你比他矮四厘米.You are than he.(4)谁比你重? than you ?四、根据答句写出问句(6) r m 160 cm.(7) r m 12 years old.(4) Amy' s hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed :如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e结尾的动词直接加d :如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study - studied carry - carried worry - worried (注意play, stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing - sang , eat - ate, see - saw, have - had , do - did , go - went, take - took, buy - bought, get - got, read - read ,fly - flew, am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left, swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew, come - came, lose - lost, find - found , drink - drank, hurt - hurt, feel - felt四:动词现在分词详解,动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上 ing »如 doing , going , working , singing , eating以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人称和数人称代词物主代词 主格宾格第一人称单数I （我）me my （我的）复数we （我们）us our （我们的）第二人称单数you （你）you your （你的）复数you （你们）you your （你们的）第三人称单数he （他）him his （他的）she （她）her her （她的）it （它）it its （它的）复数they （他们/她们/它们）them their （他们的/她们的/它们的）六:句型专项归类1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I' m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I' mnota student. She is not(isnJ t) a doctor.He does not (doesn' t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren' t) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won' t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn* t) watch TV yesterday evening.注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not”。有动词be的句子则“no加在be后面»可缩写成“isn' t, aren',但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的 句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do , does , did ),然后在它后面加上“not”， 你也可以把它们缩写在起如“don，t,doesn，t,didn，t )0这三个助动词要根据人称和时态 来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去 时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, V m not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn' t.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn' t.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren' t.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren' t.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won' t).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren' t.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn' t.注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do , does , did ）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回 原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的 情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did”。一般疑问句有个 重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词（助动词）和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词（what, where, who , which , when , whose , why, how 等）开 头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yesno”来回答。如:What is this? If s a computer.What does he do? He' s a doctor.Where are you going? I' m going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? If sAmy' s.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.How are you? I' m fine. / V m happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many （多少（数 量）， how much （多少（钱）,how tall （多高）,how long （多长）,how big （多大）,how heavy （多重）例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结:how many用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many +名词复数+ do you have?你有多少？How many +名词复数+ can you see?你能看见多少？How many + 名词复数 + are there-?有多少？七:完全、缩略形式:r m=I am he' s=he is she' s=she is they' re=they are you' re=you are there' s=there is they' re=they are can' t=can not don' t=do not doesn' t=does not isn' t=is not aren' t=are not let' s=let us won' t=will notI' 11=1 will wasn' t=was not总结 通常情况下,'m 即 am ,'s 即 is（但 let' s=let us ）,'re 即 are ,n't 即 not （但 can' t=can not）:与字母相关的题型（注:五个元音字母是Aa Ee li Oo Uu ）一 .将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq li二.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。1.( )Hh( )2.( )Bb( )3.( )LI( )4.( )Rr( )5.( ) Qq ( )6.( ) Ww ()三.用小写字母抄写下列单词。l.ROOM() 2.UNDER() 3.PLEASE() 4.PICTURE() 5.WHERE() 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( )8.H0W() 9.CAKE( ) 1O,SMALL( )四.将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来1. a ce 2. ieo 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. ETV 7, E I 08. A U E五 .写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写), l.bee () 2.sea () 3.tea () 4.are () S,why () 6.you ()六 .字母的缩略词A.M . (a.m.)上午 P.M.(p.m.)下午 OK好,行 WC厕所 PRC中国 CAAC中国民航 UN联 合国UK联合王国(英国)TV电视BBC英语广播公司VOA美国之音ID身份证SOS国 际通用呼救信号TM商标Tel电话 MTV音乐电视CCTV中国中央电视台AD公元BC公 元前ABC基础知识POB邮政信箱cm厘米BBS电子布告栏WT世界贸易组织CPU中 央处理器IMP逬 RMB人民币 UN ESC联合国教科文组织 WH世界卫生组织SARS 非典EMS特快快递Sun.星期日 Mon.星期Tue.星期二 Wed.星期三Thu.星期四Fri. 星期五Sat.星期六Jan.一月Feb.二月Mar.三月Apr.四月May五月June六月July七 月Aug.八月Sept.九月ct.十月Nov.H-月Dec.十二月VCD影碟机Add.地址USA美国IS国际标准化组织 NBA全美篮球协会EXP出口 IT信息技术IQ智商SAR特 别行政区九:小学英语词汇不完全归类表学习用品(school things):pen钢笔pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子 book书 bag包 comic book漫画书 post card 明信片 newsp叩er 报纸 schoolbag 书包 eraser 橡皮 crayon 蜡笔 sharpener 卷笔刀story-book故事书 notebook笔记本 Chinese book语文书 English book英语书 math book 数学书 magazine 杂志 dictionary 词典人体(body):foot脚 head头face脸 hair头发 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴颜色(colours ):red 红 blue蓝 yellow 黄 green 绿 white 白 black黑 pink粉红 purple 紫。range 橙 brown 棕动物(animals ):cat 猫 dog 狗 pig 猪 duck 鸭 rabbit 兔 horse 马 elephant 大象 ant 蚂蚁 fish 鱼 bird 鸟 eagle 鹰 beaver 海狸 snake 蛇 mouse 老鼠 squirrel 松鼠 kangaroo 袋鼠 monkey猴 panda熊猫 bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox狐狸 zebra斑马 deer鹿 giraffe长颈鹿 goose鹅 hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊 sheep绵羊 goat山羊 cow 奶牛 donkey 驴 squid 就鱼 lobster 龙虾 shark 鲨鱼 seal 海豹 sperm whale 抹香鲸 killer whale虎鲸人物(people ): friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩 mother母亲 father父亲 sister姐妹 brother兄弟 uncle 叔叔;舅舅 man男人 woman女人 Mr.先生 Miss小姐lady女士;小姐 mom妈妈 dad 爸爸 parents 父母 grandparents 祖父母 grandma/grandmother （外）祖母gra nd pa/g randfather （）祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂（表）兄弟;堂（表）姐妹son丿子 daughter女儿 baby婴儿 kid小孩 classmate同学 queen女王 visitor参观者 neighbour 令B居 principal 校长 university student 大学生 pen pal 笔友 tourist 旅行者 people人物robot机器人职业（jobs）:teacher 教师 student 学生 doctor 医生 nurse 护士 driver 司机 farmer 农民 singer 歌 唱家 writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家 TV reporter电视台记者 engineer工程师 accountant 会计 policeman（男）警察 salesperson 销售员 cleaner清洁 baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员 police警察食品、饮料（food & drink ）:rice米饭 bread面包 beef牛肉 milk牛奶 water水 egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐 cake蛋 糕 hot dog 热狗 hamburger 汉堡包 French fries 炸薯条 cookie 曲奇 biscuit 饼干 jam 果酱 noodles面条 meat肉chicken鸡肉 pork猪肉 mutton羊肉 vegetable蔬菜 salad沙拉 soup汤ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋 Coke可乐juice果汁tea茶 coffee咖啡 breakfast 早餐 lunch 午餐 dinner/supper B免餐 meal一餐水果、蔬菜（fruit & vegetables）:apple 苹果 banana 香蕉 pear 梨 orange 橙 watermelon 西瓜 grape 葡萄 eggplant 茄 子 green beans 青豆 tomato西红柿 potato±s peach 桃 strawberry 草莓 cucumber黄瓜 onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜衣服(clothes ):jacket夹克衫 shirt衬衫 T-shirt 丁恤衫 skirt短裙子 dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤 pants 长裤 socks袜子 shoes鞋子 sweater毛衣 coat上衣raincoat雨衣 shorts短裤 sneakers网球鞋 slippers拖鞋 sandals凉鞋 boots靴子 hat(有沿的)帽子 c叩便帽 sunglasses 太阳镜 tie 领带 scarf 围巾 gloves 手套 trousers 裤子 cloth 布交通工具(vehicles):b汰e自行车 bus公共汽车train火车 boat小船 ship轮船 yacht快艇 car小汽车taxi 出租车jeep吉普车 van小货车;面包车 plane/airplane飞机 subway/underground地铁 motor cycle 摩托车杂物(other things ):window窗户 door门 desk课桌 chair椅子 bed床 computer计算机 board写字板 fan 风扇 light 灯 teacher* s desk 讲台 picture 图画;照片 wall 墙壁 floor 地板 curtain 窗帘 trash bin 垃圾箱 closet 壁橱 mirror 镜子 end table 床头柜 football/soccer 足球 present礼物 Walkman随身听lamp台灯 phone电话 sofa沙发 shelf书架fridge冰箱 table桌子 TV电视 air-conditioner空调 key钥匙 lock锁 photo照片 chart图表 plate 盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子 pot锅 gift礼物toy玩具 doll洋 娃娃 ball球 balloon气球 kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏 box盒子 umbrella伞 zipper拉链 violin小提琴 yo-yo溜溜球 nest鸟窝 hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷 menu菜单 e-card电子卡片 e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯 money钱 medicine药地点(locations ):home 家 room 房间 bedroom 卧室 bathroom 卫生间 living room 起居室 kitchen 厨房 classroom 教室 school 学校 park公园 library 图书馆 post office 邮局 police office 警察 局 hospital医院 cinema电影院 bookstore书店farm农场 zoo动物园 garden花园 study 书房 playground 操场 canteen 食堂 teacher' s office 教师办公室 library 图书馆 gym体育馆 washroom卫生间 art room绘画教室 computer room计算机教室 music room音乐教室 TV room电视机房flat公寓 company公司factory厂fruit stand水果 摊 pet shop宠物商店 nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum科学 博物馆 the Great Wall 长城 supermarket 超市 bank 银行 country 国家 village 乡村 city城市 hometown家乡 bus stop公交车站课程(classes ):sports体育运动 science科学 Moral Education 思想品德课 Social Studies社会课 Chinese 语文math数学PE体育课English英语课国家、城市(countries & cities ):China/PRC中国 America/USA美国 UK联合王国 England英国 Canada/CAN加拿大 Australia澳大利亚 New York纽约 London伦敦 Sydney悉尼 Moscow莫斯科 Cairo开 罗气象(weather ):cold寒冷的 warm温暖的cool凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎热的rainy下 雨的 windy有风的 cloudy多云的 weather report天气预报景物(nature ): river河流lake湖泊 stream河溪 forest森林 path小道road公路 house房子 bridge 桥 building 建筑物 rain 雨 cloud 云 sun 太阳 mountain ill sky 天空 rainbow 彩虹 wind Jxl air 空气 moon 月亮植物(plants ):flower 花 grass 草 tree 树 seed 种子 sprout 苗 plant 植物 rose 玫瑰 leaf 叶子星期(week):Monday星期一Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五 Saturday星期六Sunday星期天 weekend周末月份(months):Jan. (January)一月 Feb. ( February )二月 Mar.(March)三月 April 四月 May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 Aug.(August) I月 Sept.(September)九月 ct.( ctober)十月 Nov.(November)H月 Dec.(December)十二月季节(seasons ):spring # summer S fall/autumn 秋 winter 冬方位(directions ):south 南 north 北 east 东 west 西 left 左边 right 右边患病(illness ): have a fever 发烧 hurt 疼痛 have a cold 感冒 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 have a sore throat喉咙疼数词(numbers ):one two three H four 四 five 5 six 六 seven -fa eight A nine 九 ten + eleven - twelve thirteen fourteen 十四 fifteen -j-fi sixteen 十六 seventeen -|t eighteen -|-A nineteen 十九 twenty -f- thirty 三十 forty E3+ fifty 五十 sixty 六十 seventy 七十 eighty A+ ninety 九十 forty-two 四十二 hundred 百 one/a hundred and thirty-six -SH+A first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 fourth 第四 fifth 第五 eighth 第八 ninth 第九 twelfth 第十二 twentieth 第二十 thirtieth 第三十 fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 eightieth第八十 ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六形容词(adj.):big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的;矮的young年轻的old旧的;老的 strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的 strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tasty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour 酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的clean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry 生气的h叩py高兴的bored无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger 更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长 的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的 good好的fine好的 great很好的 heavy重的 new 新的fat胖的h叩py快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的 lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的 expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpful有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的higher更高的介词(prep.):in在里 on在上在时候 under在下面 near在的旁边 behind在后边 next to与相邻 over在上面in front of在前面代词(pron.):I我we我们you你;你们he他she她it它they他(她,它)们my我的our我们的your你的;你们的his他的her她的动词(v.):play (.ed )玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump 跳walk 走run(ran)跑climb 爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate)吃sleep(slept)睡觉 like像,喜欢 have(had)有;吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take(took)买;带live居住teach (taught)教go(went 法study(studied)学习learn学习sing(sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做do homework 做作业do housework 做家务watch TV看电视read(read) books 读书cook the meals 做饭water the flowers 浇花sweep(swept) the floor 扫地 clean the bedroom 打扫卧室 make(made) the bed 铺床 set(set) the table 摆饭桌wash the clothes 洗衣服do the dishes 洗碗碟use a computer使用计算机do morning exercises 晨练;做广播操eat breakfast 吃早饭eat dinner 吃B免饭go to school 上学have English class 上英语课play sports逬行体育运动get ( got) up 起床climb mountains 爬山go shopping 买东西play the piano 弹钢琴visit grandparents看望()祖父母go h汰ing去远足fly kites放风筝make a snowman 堆雪人plant trees 种树draw(drew) pictures 画画cook dinner 做饭read a book 看书answer the phone 接电话listen to music 听音乐clean the room 打扫房间write(wrote) a letter 写信 write an e-mail写电子邮件 drink(drank) water 喝水 take pictures 照相 watch insects观察昆虫 pick up leaves采摘树叶 do an experiment 做实验 catch butterflies 捉蝴蝶 count insects 数昆虫 collect insects 收集昆虫 collect leaves 收集树叶 write a report写扌艮告 play chess 下棋 have a picnic举行野餐 get to到达ride(rode) a bike 骑自行车 play the violin 拉小提琴 make kites制作风筝 collect stamps 集邮 meet(met)见面 welcome 欢迎 thank谢谢 love 爱work工作 drink(drank)喝taste 尝smell 闻feed(fed)喂养shear 剪milk挤奶look 看guess 猜help帮助pass传递show展示use使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(told)告诉kick 踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait 等find(found)寻找至 drive(drove)驾驶fold 折send(sent)寄wash 洗shine照耀become变成fee I (felt)感觉至think(thought)思考meet(met)遇见fall(fell)落下leave(left)离开wake(woke) up 醒来put on穿上take off 脱掉hang up挂起wear(wore)穿go home回家go to bed上床睡觉play computer games 玩电脑游戏play chess 下棋empty the trash 倒垃圾put away the clothes 收拾衣服get off下车take a trip去旅行read a magazine 读杂志go to the cinema 去看电影go straight向前直走十:小学三至六年级英语单词、句子汇总四年级上册Unit 4 :home room school classroom door chair bed desk windowUnit 5 :bread egg milk water rice beef chicken fishUnit 6 :sister brother father mother farmer driver nurse doctor四年级下册Unit 1 :computer board fans light teacher( s desk picture floor wallThis is my computer.That is your computer.Is this a teacher, s desk?Yes, it is.Unit 2 :one two three four five six seven eight nine tenEnglish RE. music math ChineseWhat time is it?It' s two o' clock.It' s 9:45.It' s time for math class.Unit 3 :red blue yellow g