阅读理解之说明文-冲刺2022年中考英语名校好题集锦（广东）（解析版）.docx

2022届名校最新素材各地模拟试题好题集锦（广东专用） 04阅读理解之说明文（2022广东深圳市高级中学二模）Three Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship returned to the Earth after completing their six-month mission. One of their major goals was to prepare the station for future groups of taikonauts （中国航天员）who will complete theassemblyof the space station.Thanks to a new quick return procedure carried out for the first time, Shenzhou-13 return trip lasted about nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip fbr Shenzhou-12, with the return capsule only circling the Earth five times before entering its final return orbit instead of 11 times as in past missions.The Shenzhou-13 crew was responsible for taking out some of the science instruments to be used for experiments on the station. They also performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different science experiments in addition to delivering two live educational lectures.Taikonaut Wang Yaping, who gave the first public class from the Tiangong-1 space station, gave two such classes on this trip to Tiangong-2, which were viewed by millions of school children in China.In addition, the taikonauts were sent questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S. states by American school children. The pre-recorded questions and responses were shared with students, parents and teachers at a “My Questions to Taikonauts event on April 9 sponsored by the Chinese Embassy in Washington, D. C.This was the first six-month mission, which will give those on the ground the opportunity to study the effects of the longer duration mission on the taikonauts, especially on the ageing process. The six-month stay will be common for astronauts in the future.Visiting the Wenchang Space Launch Center on April 15, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the facility serves China's new-generation, heavy-lift carrier （运载）rockets and plays a significant role in the country's deep-space exploration. The Chinese President called fbr efforts to achieve "world-leading standards, fbr China's spacecraft launch facilities.1. What does the underlined word “assembly“ probably mean?A. Building.B. Discovery. C. Invention.D. Imagination.2. What is the improvement of Shenzhou-13*s return trip before entering its final return orbit?A. It lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven timesB. It lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven times.C. It lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth five times.D. It lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth five times.3. Shenzhou-13 astronauts did the following except.A. delivered two live educational lecturesB. studied the effects of ageing processC. answered questions from American childrenD. conducted many different science experiments4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Taiyuan Space Launch Center.B. China's spacecraft launch facilities have become fcfcworld-leading standard''.C. The six-month stay will be common for astronauts in the future.D. The facility is important for the country's deep-space exploration.5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. The Online Lectures in Shenzhou-13 B. The Return of Shenzhou-13 to the EarthC. The Lives of Shenzhou-13 Astronauts in Space D. The World-leading Spacecraft: Shenzhou-13 【答案】1. A2. C3. B4. D5. B【解析】本文主要介绍了神舟13号宇宙飞船顺利返回地球，介绍了这次它的任务以及所取得的成就。1 .词义猜测题 o 根据“One of their major goals was to prepare the station fbr future groups of taikonauts （中国航天员）who will complete the assembly of the space station”可知，其中一个主要任务是为未来几组航天员完成空间站的组装建造做好准备，所以assembly与building同义，故选A。2 .细节理解题。根据"Shenzhou-13's return trip lasted about nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip for Shenzhou-12, with the return capsule only circling the Earth five times before entering its final return orbit instead of 11 times as in past missions”可知，这次的神舟13号返回舱绕地球5圈，历时约9个小时，故选Co3 .细节理解题。根据“conducted more than 20 different science experiments in addition to delivering two live educational lectures”以及"the taikonauts were sent questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S. states byAmerican school children”可知，神舟13号并没有研究老化过程的影响，故选B。4 .推理芈U断题。根据"the facility serves China's new-generation, heavy-lift carrier（运载）rockets and plays a significant role in the country's deep-space exploration”可知，该设施对中国的深空探测很重要，故选Do5 .最佳标题。本文围绕“神舟13号顺利返回地球”为线索,介绍了它的意义,所以B选项“神舟十三 号返回地球”符合本文标题，故选B。（2022广东深圳市高级中学二模）A sea turtle swims through the water and spots a white object floating near the surface. fc4Yum! it thinks.44A jellyfish!?, Chasing after its dinner, the turtle swallows the item. But the floating object isn't a jellyfishit's a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick. This sea creature isn't alone: Over 700 species of marine animals have been reported to have eaten or been trapped in plastic. Scientists think that the amount of plastic in the ocean might triple （三倍）by 2050. But by understanding the issue and taking action, you can help stop that from happening.WHAT'S THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC?First, let's get real: Not all plastic is bad. Bike helmets, car airbags, and many medical supplies made with plastic save lives. Plastic water bottles can bring clean drinking water to people who don't have it, and plastic straws can help people with disabilities drink. The problem is that most of us use and then throw away more plastic than we need: things like grocery bags, drink bottles, straws, food wrappers, and plastic packaging around toys. This kind of plastic that's used only once before being thrown away is called single-use plastic, and it makes up more than 40 percent of all plastic trash.WHERE DOES THE PLASTIC GO?There is a lot of trash. Scientists think that 8.8 million tons of plastic winds up in the ocean every year. How does it get into the sea? Plastic left on the ground as litter often blows into creeks and rivers, eventually ending up in the ocean. And because plastic trash is different from other types of waste一it doesn't decompose（分解）back into nature like an apple core or a banana peel-it stays in the ocean forever. That means fishing nets thrown into the sea can trap animals and harmful straws can be mistaken as food.WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT?You can do so much to help keep Earth clean! Ybu can look at how much single-use plastic your family uses by filling out a plastic journal for a weekthen talking about what you can do to use less. By working together, our choices can help save animals and the ocean they live in.6. What can we know from Paragraph 1?A. The sea turtle has eaten a jellyfish as its dinner. B. Sea creatures like eating the floating object.C. The sea turtle is not alone to eat the jellyfish. D. More and more plastic will appear in the sea.7. What is the problem of plastic according to Paragraph 2?A. Plastic can save people's lives.B. Plastic can be used only once.C. Plastic can help the disabled to drink.D. Plastic can produce a lot of rubbish.8. What does the underlined word "it" refer to?A. Plastic trash. B. A banana peel. C. Fishing net. D. An apple core.9. What's the author's writing purpose according to the passage?A. To tell us a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick.B. To call for our action against plastic pollution.C. To show a fact that not all plastic is bad.D. To help save animals and keep the Earth clean.10. What is the best title of this passage?A. How to Use Plastic B. A Story of A Sea TurtleC. Plastic Pollution D. Plastic Saves Lives【答案】6. D7. D8. A9. B10. C【解析】本文主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋生物的危害以及我们可以做什么阻止塑料污染。6 .细节理解题。根据“Scientists think that the amount of plastic in the ocean might triple （三倍）by 2050” 可知塑料污染在未来会越来越严重。故选D。7 .细节理解题。根据“The problem is that most of us use and then throw away more plastic than we need:things like grocery bags”可知虽然塑料有很多用处，但是问题是很多人用完塑料之后就扔了，就会 造成很多垃圾。故选D。8 .推理判断题。根据“And because plastic trash is different from other types of waste一it doesn't decompose （分解）back into nature like an apple core or a banana peelit stays in the ocean fbrever.“可 知塑料垃圾不能分解，所以它会永远留在海洋中，故此处it指代“塑料垃圾故选A。9 .主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋生物的危害，号召我们采取行动来阻止塑料污染。 故选B。10 .最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋生物的危害以及我们可以做什么阻止塑料污染， 故以选项C“塑料污染”为标题更合适。故选C。（2022广东汕头一模）During the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the panda-themed mascot （吉祥物），Bing Dwen Dwen, becomes a superstar. People of all ages and from different countries love it. But do you know since when a mascot has become an important part in the Olympic games?The first mascot in the Olympics games was a cartoon character at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Olympics, although it was not an official mascot. This character was designed （设计）by Frenchman Aline Lafargue. The name of the mascot was Schuss. It was designed only over a single night before the Olympic Games were about to start. The character was like a little man on a ski （滑雪）board painted in the colors of France: blue, red, and white.However, the first official mascot was made public in the 1972 Munich Olympics. It was designed by Elena Winschermann. It was called Waldi the Dachshund （Weiner Dog）. Waldi's idea first took shape three years before the games at a Christmas party where the designers were given color pens and were asked to doodle anything that they think can represent （代表）the games and the country as well.The success of these first mascots helped the mascots become an official symbol of the games and they became necessary for every edition which took place from 1980. The mascots are designed to show the excitement around the country and are filled with bright colors to give it a look of a festival.11. Why is Bing Dwen Dwen mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To show its beauty.B. To prove the importance of mascots.C. To lead in the topic of the passage.D. To tell something about Winter Olympics.12. What does the first mascot look like?13. What does the underlined word “doodle" mean in Paragraph 3?D. to coverA. to buildB. to drawC. to change14. Which of the following isA. It was designed over one night.C. It was a panda-themed mascot.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Some designers of Olympics mascots.C. How to design an Olympics mascot.【答案】11. C12. A13. B14. B15. BTRUE about the first official mascotof the Olympic Games?B. It was designed at a Christmas party.D. Its color was blue, red and white.B. The history of Olympics mascots.D. Why Olympics mascots are important.【解析】本文介绍了奥运会吉祥物的发明历史。11 .推理判断题。根据"But do you know since when a mascot has become an important part in the Olympic games?”及后面介绍奥运会吉祥物的发明历史可知，第一段提到冰墩墩是为了引出文章的主题。故选Co12 .细节理解题。根据第二段"The character was like a little man on a ski （滑雪）board painted in the colors of France: blue, red, and white.”可知，第一个吉祥物就像一个站在滑雪板上的小人，涂上了法国 的蓝、红、白三种颜色。故选A。13 .词义猜测题。根据“where the designers were given color pens and were asked to doodle anything that they think can represent （代表）the games and the country as well.”可知，当时设计师们拿到 了 彩笔， 并被要求在他们认为可以代表奥运会和国家的任何东西上涂鸦。设计师们拿彩笔，所以应该是用彩 笔画画。故选B。14 .推理判断题。根据“Waldi's idea first took shape three years before the games at a Christmas party where.可知，瓦尔迪对于奥运会第一个官方吉祥物的想法最初是在奥运会开幕三年前的一次圣诞派 对上形成的，选项B表述正确。故选B。15 .主旨大意题。根据“Bui do you know since when a mascot has become an important part in the Olympic games?”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了奥运会吉祥物的发明历史。故选B。（2022广东汕头一模）A record 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, "We're making a difference." So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees. But as the weather is getting warm, the program is expected to end soon.Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That's one reason why they're sometimes called “sea cows”. Since 1967, Florida's manatees have been on the US government's list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Manatees are curious （好奇的）and fairly slow. That has led to thousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae （藻）on the ocean's surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Long term, Florida will work to help restore （恢复）sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.16 . Why are manatees sometimes called “sea cows”?A. They are as big as cows.B. They can swim like cows.C. They have tails like cows.D. They feed on plants like cows.17 . How has the number of manatees changed over years?B.1967C.18 . Which shows the correct order of the causes of manatees5 death?A. sea pollution > growth of algae > death of see grass t death of manatees B. growth of algae sea pollution death of see grass death of manatees C. sea pollution death of see grass growth of algae death of manatees D. growth of algae death of see grass> sea pollution death of manatees 19. What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”?A. to be hit by boatsC. to die from hunger20. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Manatees Feeding ProgramC. Sea Grass Bed Restored for ManateesB. to eat up sea grassD. to lose swimming abilityB. Money Given to Save ManateesD. Reasons for Manatees' Death Still Unclear【答案】16. D17. B18. A19. C20. A【解析】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题以及政府的保护措施。16 .细节理解题。根据“Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. Thafs one reason why they're sometimes called “sea cows”可知，因为它们像牛一样以植物为 食，故选D。17 .细节理解题。根据"Since 1967, Florida's manatees have been on the US government's list of endangered animals,4*With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合 “However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again”可知，现在乂 因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合，故选B。18 .细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae （藻）on the ocean's surface”可知，海水的污染造成了海藻的生长，所以先是sea pollution,再是growth of algae, A选项符合，故选A。19 .词义猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter”及前文 描述可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以starve 与 to die from hunger 同义，故选 Co20 .最