名校版高考高中英语语法详解 介词和副词的behind的用法及考点.docx

名校版高考高中英语语法详解介词和副词的behind的用法及考点单词behind可以用作介词和副词，我们都知道它可以做 ”在后面讲，除此之外，它还有其他的意思。l.behind用作介词，一般由下面四个意思，它后面可以跟名 词或代词。1) behind表示"在/向后面"。比方：They were parked behind the truck.他们停在了卡车后面。Who's the girl standing behind Jan? 站在简身后的女孩是谁？ Stay close behind me.紧跟在我 后面。a small street behind the station 车站后面的小彳昔。 She glanced behind her,她扭头朝背后扫了一眼。The sun disappeared behind the clouds.太阳消失在云层里。2) behind指"落后于,劣于，低于。比方：He's behind the rest of the class in reading. 他的阅读能力 不及班上其他人。We're behind schedule.我们的工作进度 graduates, give yourself a pat on the back and treat yourself with a getaway!亲爱的毕业生童鞋们，来一场毕业 旅行犒劳自己吧！back除了构成短语外，它还有很多我们常用到的复合名词, 比方：backache 背痛；backbone 骨干，支柱；backbone network中枢网络，计骨干网；backbone system主干系统; backbone teacher骨干教师。backbiter造谣中伤者； backbreaker工作极度辛苦的人；backdoor后门等等。落后了。The trains are running behind schedule.那几班歹ij车 已晚点了。这里的behind常与schedule搭配使用。3) behind指"支持，赞成，做后盾。比方：She knew that, whatever she decided, her family was right behind her. 她 知道，无论她做出什么决定，她的家人肯定会支持她的。We are behind you all the way!我们自始至终支持你！4) behind指对来说成为过去；抛到的脑后。比方:She put the nightmare behind her.她已将噩梦抛诸脑后。He will attempt to put behind him the misery of failing to win a medal in his individual event.他会尽力忘掉自己没能在个 人工程上夺牌的痛苦。The accident is behind you now, so try to forget it. 这次意 外已经过去了，把它忘掉吧。She has ten years' useful experience behind her.她有十年的经验，能派上用场。2.behind用作副词，有三个常见的意思。1) behind指"在后面,向后。比方:She rode off down the road with the dog running behind. 她骑车沿路而去，狗跟在后面奔跑着。The others are a long way behind.其余的人远远地落在后面。This is a house with a garden behind 一座后面带有花园的房子。2) behind指"留在后面,留在原地",比方：I was told to stay behind after school.我被告知放学后留下。 They went for a walk but I stayed behind to look after the baby.他们去散步，我却留下照看婴儿。3) behind表示"迟，慢，拖欠，积压”，常与with或in连用。 比方：She's fallen behind with the payments.她已经拖欠付款了。 He was terribly behind in his work.他积压了大量工作。I'm a month behind with the rent.我的房租已拖欠了一个月。3考点 behind用作介词时，常同from 一起使用，构成from behind(从后面)，这个结构经常在完形填空中出现。比方：The sun peeped out from behind the clouds.太阳从云层里 露了一下脸。She peeked at the audience from behind the curtain.她从帷幕后面窥视了一下观众。A ragged man emerged from behind the tree.一个衣衫褴褛的男人从树后 面走出来。短语 because of、due tox owing to 和 thanks to 都表示 因为，由于，但在使用上有些区别。l.because of表示因为，由于，比拟口语化，它可以引 导短语作状语，但一般不作表语或定语，多居于句子的末尾。 比方：I fell in love with him because of his kind nature.我爱上 他，是因为他秉性善良。I did not go because of the rain. 因为下雨，我没去。2.due to表示由于，因为时,其前面经常用在动词be 之后。比方：His absence is due to the storm.由于暴风雨， 他没能来。His success is due to hard work.他的成功时努 力工作的结果。3.owing to 由于，它多引导副词短语，这时可以跟 because of通用，多位于句首用逗号和主句隔开，有时也位 于句末。而because of那么常常修饰句子的一局部，放在句 子末尾，不用逗号。比方：Our flight was delayed owing to the bad weather.由于 坏天气，我们的航班耽误了。Owing to the war, everything was dear.因为战争一切东西都昂贵。4.thanks to意思是幸亏，由于，引导副词短语，一般 可以跟because of、owing to通用。它可以表达正面意思 或者带有挖苦口气的句子中。位于句子开头时要用逗号与句 子的主要局部隔开。比方：Thanks to your help, we were successful.由于你的帮助, 我们得以成功.Thanks to the automobile, Americans soon had a freedom of movement previously unknown.由于有了汽车,美国人很快就获得了前所未有的 行动自由。stop是英语中的基本词汇，它可以用作及物动词和不及物动 词，也可以用作名词。下面分述其用法及考点。l.Stop做及物动词时，有三个常见的意思。1 ) stop的意思是停止，中断比方：Both sides want to stop the fighting,双方都想停止战斗。Stop throwing those stones!别再扔那些石头了 ！2 )stop 表示塞住，堵塞。比方:Stop up the other end of the tube, will you?你把管子的另一头堵上好吗？ I stopped my ears but still heard her crying.我捂上耳朵, 但还能听见她的哭喊。3 ) stop 才旨阻挠，阻止。比方：He proposed a new diplomatic initiative to try to stop the war.他提出了一个 新的外交建议以试图阻止战争。I want to go and you can't stop me.我要走，你拦不住我。4 .stop做不及物动词时，有两个常见的意思。1) stop 指停止。比方：We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息。The system overheated and filming had to stop.系统过热，拍摄工作只好停了下来。2 ) stop 指逗留,歇宿 o 比方：We' II stop at a hotel tonight.我们今晚将在旅店里过夜。If you travel all the way to Australia you should stop in Sydney.如果不远万 里去了澳大利亚，就应在悉尼稍作停留。I'm not stopping. I just came to give you this message. 我不待了。我就是来告诉你这件事。3 . stop用作名词，可以表示停车站；停止，终止两个 意思。比方：I get off at the next stop.我在下一站下车。Work on the project has come to a stop.该项工程的施工已经停下来了。4 .考点) stop表示阻止某人做某事时，后面常跟介词fromo 比方:You can't stop people from saying what they think.人们怎么想就会怎么说，你阻止不了。There's nothing to stop you from accepting the offer.你尽可以 接受那个提议。1 ) stop作停止，中断讲时,它的后面常接动名词或不 定式作宾语，但要注意的是两者意义不同。stop doing sth 指停止做某事，而stop to do sth那么指停下来去做某 事。比方：You ought to stop smoking.你应当戒烟。They stop to look after the child他们停下来去照顾孩子了。试比拟：Let' s stop talking我们别谈话了。Let s stop to talk.让我们停下来谈谈吧。2 ）canz t stop doing sth.表示禁不住。比方：She can't stop laughing.她禁不住大笑起来。3 ）需牢记的常考词组有：stop by 顺便到某处、stop off 中途停下休息、stop over the night 过夜。英语中有很多使用身体部位，比方眼睛（eye）、耳朵（ear）、 鼻子（nose）、嘴巴（mouth）,甚至心脏（heart）等来构 成短语，表达一定的意义。back作为名词的意思是背，后 背，由此构成的短语有很多，今天我们学几个跟back有关 的短语。介词短语on the back是最常见的、简单的短语，它可以指"在 背上“，比方：I can feel the warm sun on my back.我背上感 受到了阳光的温暖。Please help me to sweep the dust on my back.请帮我撑一下我后背的尘土。at one's back不是"后背旁，而是"支持某人；给某人撑腰 的意思。比方:He knows that he has the head of the Department at his back.他知道部门领导给他撑腰。He has a large number of people at his back.有彳艮多人在支持他。turn one's back on的意思"不理；背弃"，on后面一般跟人 称代词的宾格做宾语。比方：He's always been kind to me. I can't turn my back on him.他一直对我很好，我不能背弃他。 She did not turn her back on her neighbours when they needed help.当邻居需要帮助时她不会不理的。behind 0nds back不是“在某人背后的意思，而是指“背着某 人，背地里（说坏话等）比方：This decision was taken behind my back.这个决定是背着我做出的。Don't speak ill of others behind their backs.不要背地里说别人的坏话。 They criticized him behind his back.他们在背后批评他。pat on the back的意思是"鼓励；表扬"。比方：The players of the Olympic Game deserve a pat on the back.奥运会上的 运发动们值得表扬。He deserves a pat on the back for all his hard work.他工作兢兢业业，值得嘉许。Dearest