Module 5 词汇短语 讲义--2021-2022学年外研版高中英语选修七.docx

Module 5词苗吾讲义1. minority n.少数民族，少数群体;少数，少数派，少数人The school is 95 percent minority.这所学校里95%的学生来自少数族裔。For a minority, the decision was a disappointment.这个决定令少数人失望。辨析：比拟 minority 和 majority两者互为反义词，minority意思是"少数人;少数民族”，而majority意思是"大 多数，大局部”。On the last point, he realized, he was a minority of one.在上一点上，他意识到自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。The majority of people interviewed prefer computer to TV.大多数接受采访的人都喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。2. native adj.出生地的，儿时居住地的;土生土长的，本地的，当地的n.出生于某国（或某地）的人;本地人，当地人It is a long time since he visited his native Poland.他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。These fish are native to North America.这些鱼原产于北美。After all, Carlo is a native of Nevada, and he knows his way around.毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他对那一带很熟悉。You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。3. run v.控制，管理，经营;跑，奔跑；（使）运转，运行;操作Stop trying to run my life for me.别老想操纵我的生活。He has no idea how to run a business.他丝毫不懂企业管理。Our van runs on diesel.我们的货车用的是柴油。Could you run the engine for a moment?你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？(1) run across sb/sth 偶然遇见/看到(某人/某物)run after 追求;追逐，追赶(2) run away (from sb/sth)突然离开，逃离run out用完，耗尽;过期，失效4. custom n.风俗，传统，习俗;个人习惯，习性，惯常行为It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。As was his custom, he knocked three times.他敲了三下，这是他的习惯。辨析：比拟 custom, habit 和 tradition三者都有“习惯”的意思，其中custom指一个国家、民族、社会的行为方式 或风俗习惯;habit那么侧重于自然养成的、不易改掉的个人习惯;而tradition侧重 世代相传的理论、行为规范和生活方式。Social customs are greatly different from country to country.国与国之间的社会风俗大不相同。You need to change your eating habits.你得改建你的饮食习惯。They broke with tradition and got married quietly.他们打破传统，毫不声张地结了婚。customer n. 顾客，主顾，客户customs n.（政府部门）海关;关税，进口税5. foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的;出丑;显得尴尬You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。Hes afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.他怕在朋友面前出丑。fool n.蠢人，傻瓜v.欺骗，愚弄;说蠢话，干傻事（常为逗乐）foolishly adv.愚蠢地，傻地foolishness n.愚蠢6. firm adj.牢固的，稳固的;坚固的，坚硬的，结实的;坚定的，确定的，坚决的;严格的adv.坚信，坚持v.使强壮，使坚固，使坚实n.商行，商号，公司Stand the fish tank on a firm base.把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。These peaches are still firm.这些桃子还很硬。We have no firm evidence to support the case.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个案件。She held firm to her principles.她坚持自己的原那么。This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.这个产品据称能在六周内使你身体强壮。She works for an electronics firm.她在一家电子公司工作。7. fasten v.(使两局部)系牢，缚紧，扎牢，结牢，扣紧; (使)关紧，盖好fasten (sth) (up) 把系牢/扣紧Fasten your seat belts, please.请系好平安带。He fastened up his coat and hurried out.他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。(1) fasten Ato B 把 A 和 B 系在一起There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box. 没有如何把背带系在箱子上的说明。(2) fasten ones attention on sth 集中注意力于某事上fasten one's eyes on sb/sth 注视着(盯着)某人/某物8. fold v.折叠，对折(纸、织物等)浙小，叠平泡，裹n.褶，褶层，折叠局部;褶痕;褶缝搭配：fold sth up (back/down/over.) 把折叠/对折起来He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了 口袋。The blankets had been folded down.毛毯已折叠起来。(1) fold sb in ones arms 拥抱/搂住某人fold ones arms 双臂交叉在胸前(2) fold ones hands 十指交叉;双手合拢9. adjust v.适应，使适应，习惯;调整，调节搭配：(1) adjust to sth/doing sth 适应某事/做某事It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。(2) adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应某事You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.你将很快适应学生生活。(3) adjust sth (to sth) 调整;调节Adjust your language to the age of your audience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。adjustment n.调整，调节；(思想等)调整，适应adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的10. in use 在使用From 1900, electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the USA.从1900年以来，欧洲和美国都在使用放电灯。The conference room is already in use.会议室已在使用中。use n.用，使用，得到利用;用途，功能，用法(1) be of use 有用的(2) make use of sth 利用某物(3) put sth to use 把某物投入使用(4) be no use doing sth 做某事没有用(5) out of use 不再被使用use v. 使用，利用，运用(6) be/get used to sth/doing sth 习惯了某事/做某事(7) be used to do sth 被用来做某事(8) used to be 过去的样子或状态(9) used to do sth 谩去常常做某事11. in the distance 在远处The noise of the car died away in the distance.汽车的声音消失在远方。Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.他们黯然地看着英国的海岸在远处消失。(1) at a distance 稍远一点;离一段距离(2) at a distance of 以星巨离12. set off出发，动身，启程set off =set out,都意为"出发，动身,启程"。We set off for London just after ten.刚过十点，我们就动身去伦敦了。He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey. 他辞别了妻子便启程了。(1) set about sth/doing sth 开始做/着手做某事(2) set aside 留出，拨出;不顾，不理会(3) set down 记下，写下，登记(4) set up 竖立，建造;建立，创立