英语核心词汇详解all, both辨析.docx
英语核心词汇详解all, both辨析(-)all, both,做代词时,表示"都","全部"。both作代词时,意为“两个,两个都“,表示两个人或物。定用法有bothand. & both of ;做主语时,谓语动词用复数形I have two sisters. Both of them live in London/They both live in London.我有两个姐妹。她俩都住在伦敦。The movie also won both national and international prizes.这部电影获得了国内和国际奖项。all作代词时,意为“全体,一切”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。做主语,代替复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;代替不可数名词时, 动词用单数形式。All of us should work ha rd.我们都应努力工作。All of my classmates have passed the English test.我所有的同学都 通过了英语考试。二、all和both做同位语主语时,一般位于实义动词前,系动词、助 动词或情态动词之后。They both/all like sports.他们两个/他们都喜欢运动。I hope we can all work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games.我希望我们能共同努力,阻止学生花太多时间玩电脑游戏。few和a few修饰和指代的是可数名词的复数few意为“几乎没有“,表示否定意义,而a few意为“有几个,一 些“,表示肯定意义。Many year ago, there were few trees in this village彳艮多年以前,这 个村庄继续没有树木。He has a few friends , but he has few good friends.他有一些月月友, 但是他几乎没有好朋友。little和a little修饰和指代的是不可数名词 little表示“很少,几乎没有“,表示否定意义;而a little表示“有一点”,表示肯定意义。Jack has little time for his favourite sport.杰克几乎没有时间做他最 喜欢的运动。I have a little water in the bottle.我瓶子里有一点水。There's still a little meat at home , but there's little bread.家里 还有点肉,但是几乎没面包了。一、price意为价格”,指物品的定价或成交价等;The price of vegetables rises so quickly these days.这些天蔬菜的价格 涨得太快了。I'm only buying it if it's the right price (= a price that I think is reasonable).只有价钱合理我才会买这东西。意为“代价"时,指为了得到某物而必须做出的牺牲。You can get anything you want as long as you want to pay the price.只要你愿意付出代价,你就能得到你想要的任何东西。二、cost意为“费用;成本”,指购买或制作物品所需的一切费用Cheap living always starts with keeping the big cost small.勤俭度日总是先从紧缩开支做起。The total cost of the project would be more than $240 million.该项目的总成本会超过2.4亿美元。cost 与 price这两个词都有“价格”的意思,有时可以互换。如:What's the cost/price of this pen?(这支笔多少钱?)两者的区别是:cost侧重原价;成本的意思,而price指的是商品的销售价格,尤 指卖方对商品所要求的价格,所以一般情况下,物品的price总比它的 cost高些。三、value意为“价值”,表示抽象意义,指某物值多少钱,或某物的用 途和积极作用。This book will be of great value to him in his study.(这本书将对他的研究有很大价值。)、wealth意为“财富,指某个人或某个国家的经济能力I have a lot of wealth, but I am not happy and I 'm always worried about losing my money.我有很多财富,但是我不快乐,总是担心失去我的金钱。名词的所有格(the possessive case of Nouss)名词所有格表示所有关系。比如说Tom's book汤姆的书包。这里通过S指出书包归谁所有。名词所有格有三种形式,分别为'S所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。's所有格一、S所有格的构成名词所有格主要用来表示有生命名词的所属关系。所以它通常用在 姓名、人称、不定代词、集体名词等名词的后面。二“'S”所有格的构成1、单数名词的所有格,一般直接在词尾加the boy's bag那个男孩的书包today's news今天的新闻2、以s结尾的专有名词的所有格,一般加或加Dickens'(Dickens's) books 狄更斯的书Engels' (Engels's) works 恩格斯的著作3、不以s或es结尾的特殊变化的复数名词,在词尾加's the Children's Day 儿童节 women's wear 女装4、词尾是以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加构成所有格。Her friends7 money他朋友们的钱5、复合名词的所有格,在最后一个词的结尾加构成My father-in-law's company 我岳父/公公的公司Everyone else's viewpoints 其他人的看法6、并列名词由and连接的并列名词,当表示共有的情况下,只需再最后一个名 词的词尾加若表示各自所有,则需要在每个名词的词尾加“sJohn and his wife's bank savings约翰和他妻子的共有的存款John's and his wife's bank savings约翰和他妻子各自的存款Clint and John's bedroom 克林特和约翰共有的房间Clints and John's bedroom克林特和约翰各自的房间。7、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、自然现象等无生命的名词的所有关系,也可以用's所有格形式。如:today's newspaper 今天的报纸a ton's steel 一吨钢材My school is about an hour's walk from here.我的学校离这儿步行大约 一个小时。My birthday is in two weeks' time.我的生日是在两周之后。