Module 1 Small Talk 词汇短语讲义--2021-2022学年外研版高中英语选修六.docx

Module 1 Small Talk1. lack v.缺乏，缺少n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺He's good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.会员对这些变动没有多大热情。比拟：lack和shortage的区另lllack指的是“完全没有或局部缺少”，既表示具体概念，也表示抽象含义，如 缺少智力、知识、勇气等;shortage指的是'短缺”，多就量而言。lack for nothing 什么也不缺be lacking in 缺少(lacking 是形容词)for/through lack of 因缺少no lack of不缺少，足够2. advance adj.预先的，在前的No advance booking is necessary on most departures.大多数起程票无须预订。advance n.前进;进步，开展in advance 在前面;预先，事先It's cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.提前订票要廉价一些。(1) in advance of 在(时间或空间)之前People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。advance v.预付;提前，提早advanced adj.先迤的;高级的，高等的3. favor n.恩惠，照顾As a special favor, 111 let you stay up late tonight.作为对你的特殊恩惠，我允许你今晚迟睡。Do yourself a favor and wear a helmet on the bike.要照顾好你自己，骑车时要戴上头盔。do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙in favor of赞同，支持;看中，选择in ones favor 以为受益人ask a favor of sb 请某人帮助4. reply n.回答，答复，回信v.回答，答复;回应，做出反响I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.我问她叫什么名字，但她没有回答。The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.参议员回答说他不宜发表评论。in reply to作为对的答复reply to回答，答复比拟：动词reply和answer的区别reply为正式用语，多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答，常用作不 及物动词，和介词to连用;answer为一般用语，既可用作及物动词，也可用作 不及物动词，还可引申为“应答”。5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。in the absence of 缺少absence of mind 心不在焉in one's absence 某人不在期间absent adj.缺席的，不在场的be absent from 缺席absent-minded adj.心不在焉的6. interrupt v.打断，插嘴They were interrupted by a knock at the door.他们被敲门声打断了。Would you mind not interrupting all the time?请你别老是插嘴好吗？interruption n.打搅，插嘴，打岔He ignored her interruptions.他没有理会她的打岔。7. imagine v. 想象imagine + n.想象，言殳想The house was just as she had imagined it.这房子正是她所想象的。(1) imagine + that从句 胡乱猜测;认为He's always imagining were talking about him behind his back. 他总是胡乱猜测我们在背后说他的闲话。I don't imagine that theyll refuse.我认为他们不会拒绝。(2) imagine (sb) doing sth 想象(某人)做某事 Can you imagine George cooking the dinner?你能想象乔治做饭吗？imagination n.想象力，想象;幻想物;创造力imaginative adj.富于想象力的;创新的imaginable adj.想象得到的;可想象的 imaginary adj.想象中的;幻想的;虚构的 8. purpose n.目的，用途Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.我们这次活动的主要目的就是筹款。The two are not the same and don't serve the same purpose.两者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。on purpose 故意地with/for the purpose of 为了目的to the purpose 中肯的（地），合适的（地）9. apologies v.抱歉apology n.抱歉;致歉apologies for （doing） sth 为（做）某事而抱歉We apologies for the late departure of this flight.本次航班延误离境，谨致歉意。I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她抱歉。Your allegations are completely untrue, and I demand an immediate apology.你的说法完全不属实，我要求立即抱歉。10. think of想起，回忆起I can't think of her name at the moment.我一时想不起她的名字。think better of对有更高的评价think little of不重视;认为没价值think nothing of把视为平常;不把当一回事；觉得无所谓11. in addition 除此之外，另外该短语为副词性短语，作状语，在句中位置灵活。在句中和句末时，一般用 逗号隔开。There is, in addition, one further point to make.此外，还有一点要说。In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.除英语外，他还要学第二外语。与in adchtion一样都表示"除之外（还）"的其他单词或短语：besides,apart from, aside from。12. find out 了解（到）;找出（信息）We found out later that we had been at the same school.后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。比拟：find out, find 和 look for 的区别find out指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相，调查出原因或发现秘密、错误 等;find多表示偶然性地找到;look for着重表示寻找的动作。I haven't found anything out about him yet.我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。Wave found a great new restaurant near the office.我们在办公室附近发现了一家很棒的新餐馆。Where have you been? we've been looking for you.你上哪儿去了？我们一直在找你。13. leave out省去，删去漏掉I haven't altered or left out anything.我没有更改或删去任何东西。You've made a mistake-youve left out the letter T.你错了，你漏掉了字母T。leave alone 不管;不理会;不打搅leave behind 忘带;留下14. （be） aware of知道;意识到;明白Were you aware of something was wrong?你有没有意识到出问题了？I don't think people are really aware of how much it costs.我认为人们并不真正明白它得花多少钱。as far as I am aware 就我所知make sb aware of sth 让某人明 白某事15. take the lead 带头,领先If we take the lead in this, others may follow.如果我们在这方面带头行动，其他人就会跟着来。Tom took the lead in the third lap.汤姆在跑第三圈时领先。be in the lead 领先follow the lead of sb以某人为典范，效仿某人give sb a lead给某人做出典范;提示某人16. show off 炫耀She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。show (sb) around/round(领某人)参观show up如约赶到;出现;露面show ones face 露面;公开见人