英语重点语法解析 thatwhich.docx

英语重点语法解析that whichDo you sometimes wonder whether to use that or which in a sentence? In many cases, in British English, both words are equally correct.你是不是经常想要弄明白that和which在句中有什么区别?在英式英 语中的一些使用场景中，这两个词都是正确的。/She held out the hand which was hurt./She held out the hand that was hurt她伸出那只受伤的手。In these sentences, that and which are introducing what' s known as a restrictive relative clause. This is a clause containing essential information about the noun that comes before it. If you leave out this type of clause, the meaning of the sentence is affected -indeed, it will probably not make much sense at alL Restrictive relative clauses can be introduced by that, which, whose, who, or whom.在上面两个句子中"hat和which用于连接限定性定语从句。限定性 定语从句用于修饰主句中的某个名词性成分。如果去掉限定性定语从句, 那么句子的含义将受到影响(如：句子将失去原有的意义)。限定性定 语从句可由that, which , who , whom连接。The other type of relative clause is known as a non-restrictive relative clause. This kind of clause contains extra information that could be left out of the sentence without affecting the meaning or structure. Non-restrictive clauses can be introduced by which, whose, who, or whom, but you should never use that to introduce them. For example:另外一种定语从句是非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句包含附加的 信息，去掉从句部分对主句的含义和结构不构成影响。非限定性定语从 句的关系词可以为which , whose , who和whomo但不可以使用 that来连接非限定性定语从句，例如：A list of contents would have made it easier to steer through the book, which also lacks a map.一个目录列表使得概览这本书更容易，但这本书仍然缺少一个示意图。She held out her hand, which Rob shook.她伸出了手，这只手之前被罗伯摇动过。Note that a non-restrictive clause is preceded by a comma (so as to set off the extra information), whereas no comma should precede a restrictive clause （indicating that the information is essential, not extra）:注意,非限定性定语从句之前有一个逗号（从而引出附加的信息）,而限制 性从句前没有逗号（说明从句信息是重要的，且不可以省略）：I bought a new dress, which I will be wearing to Jo's party, non-restrictive我买了一条新裙子，我将穿着它参加乔的派对。非限定性定语从句I was wearing the dress that I bought to wear to Jo's party, restrictive我买了一条新裙子并将穿着它参加乔的派对。限定性定语从句Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I can't hear a word!7 I said angrily."Ifs none of your business, ' the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!7Notes on the text 课文注释1 go to the theatre ,去看戏。2 got angry ,生气。3 turn round ,转身,也可用 turn aroundopay attention ,注意。4 I could not bear it .我无法忍受。其中的it是指上文中的那对男女 大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。5 none of your business ,不关你的事。参考译文：上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青 年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为 我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理 会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说："我一个字也听 不见了 !”不关你的事那男的毫不客气地说，”这是私人间的谈话！"