2022年北京市海淀区中考英语一模试卷（附答案详解）.docx

2022年北京市海淀区中考英语一模试卷一、单项选择题(本大题共12小题，共6.0分)My brother is very friendly.gets along well with others.()A. HeB. SheC. ID. YouWu Dajing,a gold medalist,started to practice speed skating the age of ten.()A. onB. inC. forD. at-do you play basketball with your friends? -Once a week.()A. How oftenB. How longC. How soon D. How farOur parents help and support us a lot,we should be thankful to them.()A. butB. orC. soD. because-you lend me your dictionary,Laura?-Sorry,! can'thave just lent it to Eric.()A. CouldB. ShouldC. MustD. Need1. Many people think that English is of all the subjects. ()A. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. the most important-Nick,take out the trash,please.-Wait a minute,Mom.I an e-mail to Mr.Smith now.()A. writeB. am writing C. wroteD. will write2. The supermarket at 8： 30 a.m.and closes at 8： 30 p.m.every day.()A. is openingB. openedC. opensD. will open3. All of us great progress since we started junior high school.()A. makeB. madeC. have madeD. will make4. The kids an online lesson when their parents arrived home yesterday.()A. tookB. takeC. are takingD. were taking5. A new hospital in the village by the government last year.()A. buildsB. builtC. is builtD. was built6. -Tom,do you know?-Next Friday.()when will we hold the sports meetingA. when we will hold the sports meetingwhen did we hold the sports meetingB. when we held the sports meeting二、完形填空（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）答案和解析1 .【答案】A【解析】He他；She她；I我；You你。根据前句”我弟弟很友好。”可知，应是他和别 人相处得很好。应选：Ao我弟弟很友好。他和别人相处得很好。熟知人称代词用法，结合提干信息，给出答案。2 .【答案】D【解析】on在上，in在里面，for为，at在岁时。结合句意可知，此处是指在十岁 时。所以应用ato应选：Do金牌得主武大靖十岁开始练习速滑。通读句子，理解句意，注意介词用法，结合语境，选择正确答案。3 .【答案】A【解析】考查频度.Howfar多远，提问距离；Howsoon多久，提问时间；Howlong多 久，提问时间；How often多久一次，提问频度.根据题干Once a week.可知问的是频度. 应选：Ao你多久和你的朋友打一次棒球？一个星期一次.理解四个选项的含义，根据题干Once a week.结合选项作答.4 .【答案】C【解析】A但是；B或者；C所以；D因为；上下文是因果关系，下文是结果，所以用 连词SOo应选：Co我们父母非常地帮助和支持我们，所以我们应该感谢他们。正确辨析几个连词的汉语意思和用法，结合语境选择作答。5 .【答案】A第10页，共18页【解析】could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要；由语境可知，A项正确，这 里要注意，could在这里不是can的过去时，而是表示委婉的语气。应选：Ao你能借我你的字典吗，Laura?-抱歉，我不能。我刚把它借给了 Eric。此题考查情态动词，掌握情态动词的含义及区别，结合语境，得出正确答案。6 .【答案】D【解析】答案：D根据of all the subjects可知，此处表示比拟的范围是“所有的科目”，要用形容词的最高 级；形容词最高级的表达是：the+形容词最高级+in/of+比拟的范围，important的最高级 是 the most important,应选 D.很多人认为英语在所有学科中是最重要的.判断形容词或副词的比拟级和最高级，主要是看几者之间的比拟.两者之间用比拟级， 三者或三者以上比拟用最高级形式.此题是三者以上之间的比拟.应该是最高级.7 .【答案】B【解析】上文妈妈说“尼克，请把垃圾倒掉。结合答语”等一下，妈妈”可知动词write 动作正在进行，故句子时态为现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are+doing”。应选：Bo-尼克，请把垃圾倒掉。等一下，妈妈。我现在正在给史密斯先生写一封电子邮件。考查动词时态，结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。8 .【答案】C【解析】根据every day和closes,可知此题的时态为一般现在时态，主语The supermarket 是第三人称单数，动词open要使用第三人称单数形式openso 应选：Co这家超市每天早上8点30分开门，晚上8点30分关门。考查动词时态，结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。9 .【答案】C【解析】根据时间状语从句"since we started junior high school.”可知，句子应用现在完成 时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语"All of us ”是复数形式，故助动词应用have； make 的过去分词是made。应选：Co自从我们上初中以来，我们都取得了很大的进步。考查动词时态，结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。10 .【答案】D【解析】根据时间状语从句"when their parents arrived home yesterday."语境可知，空处表 示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，故应用过去进行时，构成形式为：wae/weredoing0 主语"The kids ”是复数形式，故助动词应用were,take的现在分词是takingo 应选：Do昨天他们的父母到家时，孩子们正在上网课。考查动词时态，结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。11 .【答案】D【解析】build建造，第三人称单数形式是builds；过去式或过去分词是built； 一般现在 时被动语态是is built； 一般过去时被动语态是was built。根据句中的last year可知时态 是一般过去时，因此可先排除A和C。“医院“和“建造”之间是被动关系，用被动语态, 因此此题正确答案是D。应选：Do去年政府在村里建了一个新医院。解答此题需首先明确句中的时态和语态，再根据所给选项的不同形式选出正确答案。12 .【答案】B【解析】根据分析可知题干包含一个宾语从句。宾语从句的语序使用陈述句语序（主谓 不倒装，不加助动词，be动词和情态动词不提到主语前），因此可先排除A和C。根 据next Friday可知时态是一般将来时，因此此题正确答案是B。应选:Bo-汤姆，你知道我们何时举行运动会吗？-下个周五。此题主要考查宾语从句使用陈述句语序（主谓不倒装，不加助动词，be动词及情态动词 等不提到主语前）的相关知识。第12页，共18页132().【答案】A、D、C、B、D、A、B、C【解析】(1)动词辨析。counted数数；finished完成；changed改变；gave给。根据”my parents checked my grades"(我父母检查了我的成绩)可知，此处是说数出了 20多个失 分的工程。句意：两周前，我的父母检查了我的成绩，数出有20多个失分的工程。故 选Ao(2)名词辨析。discussion 讨论；expression 表达；competition 竞赛；organization 组织。 根据后面”Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas： task organization and time management.0 (Mr.Merrill告诉我他的学生也有同样的问题：任务 组织和时间管理)可知，此处是说任务组织方面。句意：尽管我聪明能干，但我经常挣 扎于任务规划和拖延，尤其是在写作任务方面。应选D。(3)名词辨析。knowledge知识;stress压力;freedom 自由；advice建议。根据"1could do a million other things rather than my homework.H (我可以做一百万个其它东西而不是作 业)可知我有很多的自由。句意：自由太多了。应选C。(4)名词辨析。rules 规那么；efforts 努力；habits 习惯；experiences 经历。fall short of. 意为"没到达”，结合选项可知，此处是表达”他们的努力远没有到达期待”，句意： 我父母努力帮助，但是他们的努力远没有到达期待。应选B。(5)动名词辨析。searching搜寻；reading阅读；joking开玩笑；shouting大喊。根据"There were*late-night learning hours and fights'* (有深夜的学习小时和争吵)可知，此处是说 大喊。句意：深夜的学习也总是以争吵而结束。应选D。(6)动词辨析。reached 到达；helped 帮助；worked 工作；dropped 下落。reach out"急 切寻求，联系某人求助”，固定短语。当妈妈听说了有经验的Steve Merrill可以帮助我时， 她联系到了这位老师。应选A。(7)比拟级辨析。better更好的；fewer更少的；stronger更壮的；busier更忙的。根据 nMy work habits were becoming more regular/ (学习习惯变得越来越有规律，)可知，所 以会有更少的深夜学习和打架的时间。深夜学习和打架的时间减少了。应选B。(8)动词辨析。shared提供;forgotten忘记;completed完成；mistaken误认为。根据 前面”My grades were improving.My work habits were becoming more regular.There were-late-night learning hours and Aghts."(我的成绩在提高。我的学习习惯越来越有规 律了，深夜学习和打架的时间减少了)可知，我现在学会做规划和时间管理了，强调我 的改变，所以此处是说”提前两天就完成了大局部”。句意：我在截止日期前两天就完成 了大局部！应选C。本文讲述了作者在上学期间，经常挣扎于任务规划和拖延症，父母也无能为力，最终在 Steve Merrill老师的帮助下，帮作者成功解决了问题。首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意， 结合排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。2123.【答案】A、B、A【解析】细节理解题。（1） 根据 Starfish 中 You can place a pillow under your knees if you have lower back pain. （如果你腰痛，可以在膝盖下放个枕头。）可知，海星型睡姿会导致下腰痛。应选：Ao （2）根据 Soldier Position 中It is actually a good sleeping position,as it helps keep your spine in a straight line.（这实际上 是一个很好的睡眠姿势，因为它有助于保持脊柱在一条直线上。）可知，军人型睡姿会 帮助使你的脊柱笔直。应选：Bo（3）根据 Freefall 中Some studies suggest that generally you* re a social person if you like to sleep in this position. （一些研究说明，如果你喜欢以这种姿势睡觉，你通常是一个社交型的人。）可知，自 由下落睡姿的人是一个社交型的人。应选：Ao 本文介绍了一些有趣的睡姿。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细 核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。2426.【答案】A、B、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据It was Dad's birthday,and for once in his life,Jeremiah was cooking something complicated： （那天是爸爸的生日，Jeremiah有生以来第一次做了一道复杂的菜：）可知Jeremiah决定做点复杂的菜，因为那天是他爸爸的生日。应选A。（2）推理判断题。Ugh.It was awful!Now the sauce was sour and spicy.（糟糕透了！ 现在酱汁又酸又辣。）可推断出Jeremiah认为他做的酱汁与他预期的不同。应选B。（3）推理判断题。根据Dad turned,holding a bag of chips and a bowl of Jeremiah*s spaghetti sauce.nWe don't need pi zza! "Dad smiled."This delicious salsa （萨尔萨辣酱）is a meal in itself!”（爸爸转过身来, 手里拿着一袋薯条和一碗Jeremiah做的意大利面酱。”我们不需要披萨！”爸爸笑了。” 这美味的萨尔萨辣酱本身就是一顿饭！”）可推断出Jeremiah的父亲充满爱心和鼓励他 人。应选Do 文章主要讲述了 Jeremiah为爸爸准备生日晚餐的故事。做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。带着问题，再回到原文中去寻 找、捕获有关信息。2728.【答案】C、C第14页，共18页【解析】（1 ）细节理解题。根据第三段 Research has shown that increased motivation beyond a certain level hams an athlete*s performance.（研究说明，超过一定水平的动机会对运动 员的表现产生不好的影响。）可知超过一定水平的动机会损害运发动的表现。应选C。（2）推理判断题。根据 4、5 段 Many studies have shown increased pressure has a bad effect on athletes* performance in skill-based games.When people overthink or consciously monitor each step,the drop in performance happens.For example,one of the most famous biathletes in history,Martin Fourcade,said it was very emotional for him to compete in his home country and also much harder than competing abroad because of greater expectations.（许多研究说明， 在以技能为基础的比赛中，压力增加会对运发动的表现产生不良影响。当人们过度思考 或有意识地监控每一步时，表现就会下降。例如，历史上最著名的冬季两项运发动之一 马丁福卡德说，他在自己的祖国参加比赛是非常激动人心的，而且比以前困难得多， 因为更高的期望。）所阐述的主要是运发动们在高预期的情况下在比赛中发挥失误的例 子。其实就是在告诉我们高预期是造成运发动很大压力，发挥失常的主要原因。应选Co（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段 But the base for any solution is to realize that stress affects performance.（但任何解决方案的基础都是认识到压力会影响比赛发挥。）可知， 解决问题的关键还是需要意识到压力会影响比赛的发挥。应选Do 本文主要讲述了什么顶尖运发动在压力下会表现不好。通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细 核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。2932.【答案】D、C、B、C【解析】（1）词义猜想题。根据第一段It can result in a person,if famous,losing fans and having to face attacks online.（这可能会导 致一个人，如果知名了，会失去粉丝，不得不面对网上的攻击。）判断每个人都可能会 受到伤害，猜想划线局部与get hurt by同义。应选D。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Young kids may not understand or contribute completely to Cancel Culture,but by simply being on the Internet,they can see it firsthand,affecting their real lives.（孩子们可能并不完全理解”废弃文化、也不完全参与其中，但只要在互联网上， 他们就可以直接看到它，影响他们的现实生活。）可知，作者提及“New York Metro Parents”是为了说明废弃文化对孩子们实际生活中的影响。应选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段 anyone agreeing with the person being canceled is at risk of being left out online too.（任何同意被取消的人在网上也有被排除在外的风险。）以及第 四段"They shouldn't be publicly punished for it and not given the chance to change people's minds."（他们不应该因此而受到公开惩罚，也不应该给他们机会来改变人们的想法。） 可知，一个犯错误的人会被排除在外并受到公开的惩罚。应选B。（4）句意理解题。根据最后一段Cancel Culture doesn't have to exist.（废弃文化并不一 定存在。）可知作者认为废弃文化不应该存在，应该被取消。应选C。本文主要谈论了网络上的”废弃文化''是什么以及它所带来的影响和危害。阅读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文，在原文中找出与题目对应的内容，选 择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。33.【答案】【小题 1】A video gave her this idea.【小题 2】About four hours.【小题 3 】Becase the sleeping bags are waterproof,lightweight,and easy to carry around.【小题 4 It is made of recycled plastic bottles.【小题 5 】Becaase it can contribute to the environment and help people in need at the sametime.解析（1）细节理解题 o 根据 Oleita said the video gave her the idea of the Chip Bag Project. （奥莱塔说，这段视频让她想到了 Chip Bag Project工程。）可知一段视频给了她创造 Chip Bag Project 公益工程的想法。故填：A video gave her this idea.（2）细节理解题。根据 It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag.（缝一个睡袋大约 需要四个小时。）可知缝一个睡袋大约需要四个小时。故填：About four hours.（3）细节理解题o 根据 They are waterproof,lightweight,and easy to carry around.（它们防 水、重量轻，便于携带。）可知他们制作的睡袋防水，轻便且易于携带。故填：Because sleeping bags are waterproof,lightweight,and easy to carry around.（4）细节理解题。根据 One of her first large projects was creating a 6-foot-tall Minion character out of recycled plastic bottles.（她最初的一个大型工程是用回收的塑料瓶创造一 个6英尺高的Minion characto ）可知Minion charact是由可回收的塑料瓶制成的。故填： It is made of recycled plastic bottles.（5）归纳总结题。根据 The Chip Bag Project is just the latest environmental project for Oleita.（The Chip Bag Project 工程只是 Oleita 最新的环保工程。）以及 and meanwhile,helping people in need.（同时,帮助有需要的人。"）可知The Chip Bag Project公益工程是有意 义的因为它不仅可以为环境做出贡献，同时也可以帮助有需要的人。故填：Because it can contribute to the enviror help people in need at the same time.本文主要介绍了一个名叫Chip Bag Project的公益工程，通过回收空薯片袋，为无家可 归的人制作睡袋，既保护了环境，又帮助了需要帮助的人。做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。 掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原 文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。第16页，共18页.答案】This is a thank-you note to my English teacher,because she is helpful and warm-hearted to me.【高分句型一（最想感谢的人）She is short and has short hair.When I was in grade seven,my English was poor and I never dared to speak English in public.At that time my English teacher often encouraged me in the class.She asked me to be brave to solve the problem.With her help,I became very diligent.（原因）From her I learned not only knowledge but also how to be a brave man.【高分句型二】（总结全文）【解析】【高分句型一】This is a thank-you note to my English teacher,because she is helpful and kind to me. 这是一 封给我的英语老师的感谢信，因为她对我很好。because引导原因状语从句。【高分句型二】From her I learned not only knowledge but also how to be a brave man.从她身上， 我不仅学 到知识还如何成为一个勇敢的人。not only-but also,不仅而且能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等， 清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。34 .答案 Being prepared is important.When we do something without preparation,we can hardly achieve any thing.【高分句型一】（点题）Last term,I wanted to run for class president.1 put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom.I also spent three hours writing my speech.When I gave my speech on Election Day,most of the students voted for me and won because they thought my speech was short but all to the point.（提供自 己的经历） Thanks to the preparation,! realize it is very important to make preparations before doing something.高 分句型二】（学到了什么）【解析】【高分句型一】When we do something without preparation,we can hardly achieve any thing .当我彳门做某事没 有准备，我们几乎不能实现任何事情。when引导时间状语从句。【高分句型二】Thanks to the preparation,! realize it is very important to make preparations before doing something.多亏了准备，我意识到在做事情之前做好准备是非常重要的。Itis+形容词to do sth做某事是的。thanks to 多亏了。能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。第18页，共18页It was January 2021. My second term in high school had just ended.Two weeks earlier,my parents checked my grades and(13)more than 20 missing tasks.Bright and able as I was,I had often struggled (挣扎)with(14)and procrastination (拖延)， especially with writing tasks.But this time was different,and the pandemic (疫T青) was to blame.I was doing my first year partly from home-where I did my schoolwork on my own time,and,for the most part,without teacher guidance.The(15)was too much.I could do a million other things rather than my homework.I told my mom what I was missing from my teachers and classmates,nWhen a teacher walks around the classroom,you want to be on task,and you don't want to fall behind the other students.My parents tried to help,but their(16)fell far short of their expectations.Tired from working long days,they criticized rather than advised.Late-night learning hours ended in(17)matches.All three of us were upset and stressed out.We knew we couldn't solve this alone.So when my mom heard that Steve Merrill,an experienced teacher,could help.she(18)out.Mr.Merrill told me that his students also had problems in the same areas： task organization and time management.He taught me to break down big tasks into small ones.We met twice a week,over video,where we could look over my tasks and put the skill into practice.After a few months,! started to see positive results.My grades were improving.My work habits were becoming more regular.There were(19)late-night learning hours and fights.The other evening I came downstairs to ask my parents for help with a writing task.There was something different.! had(20)most of it two days before the deadline!While I don't expect this school year to be easy,I now have some of the tools I need to help me through it.13. A. counted14. A. discussion15. A. knowledge16. A. rules17. A. searching18. A. reached19. A. better20. A. sharedB. finishedC. changedD. gaveB. expressionC. competitionD. organizationB. stressC. freedomD. adviceB. effortsC. habitsD. experiencesB. readingC. jokingD. shoutingB. helpedC. workedD. droppedB. fewerC. strongerD. busierB. forgottenC. completedD. mistaken三、阅读理解（本大题共12小题，共26.0分）AYou change into your pajamas,turn off the lights,and get yourself ready to sleep.How do you prefer to sleep,on the back or on your side? Here are some interesting sleeping positions.第2页，共18页StarfishStarfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with your arms lifted up near your head.According to studies,only 5%of people sleep like this.lt often causes lower back pain. You can place a pillow （枕头）under your knees if you have lower back pain.You will feel more comfortable this way.SoldierPosition This sleeping position is kind of strange,but verycommon.Its when you sleep on your back with your arms down and very close to your body.Studies have shown that people who sleep like this may be quieter.lt is actually a good sleeping position,as it helps keep your spine （脊柱） in a straight line.Sleeping on Your BellyDo you like to sleep