考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文n.docx

考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文n一、理论常识比较结构1. no/not. other thanthe比较级.，the比较级2. rather. than .3. more than / no more thanless than / no less than4. more A than B / no more A than Bless A than B / no less A than B5. nothing else thanas much as10. not as . as .11. not so much . as .二,真题举例They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries , but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. (2006,50)【重点词汇解析】reflection , n.反射、沉思;involve , n.涉及、包 含【参考翻译】他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是这些人 大部分对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。省略句型结构一、真题举例However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at firstcan suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough . (05,完型)【重点词汇解析】insensitive ,adj.感觉迟钝的;expose ,vt.使曝光、 揭露、显示【参考翻译】然而我们却发现，即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感, 如果经常接触这种气味，也会对它敏感起来。一.理论常识 强调主要有两种形式：1 .强调谓语Egl : I love you . 一 I do love you . 一 I did love you . Eg2 : Cell phone / Internet / computer brings us convenience .一 Cell phone / Internet / computer does bring us convenience .2 .强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who +句子其他成分。【步骤】a.先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。b.在被强调成分（除谓语和补语外）两边添加it is / was和that / who ,其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。【强调句式特征】去掉it is / was . that / who结构，整个句子无冗 余或成分残缺。Egl : My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study . It is my mother who / that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study . It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.二.真题举例Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【重点词汇解析】couple with与.相结合;maximize , v. 5 大值、达到最大值【参考翻译】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试 图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一 起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。否定句型结构一、理论常识1 .部分否定Not both of them are my brothers . Both of them are not my brothers . All is not gold that glitters .2 .双重否定 双重否定分为三种：肯定型：There are no roses without thorns .强调型：I just canz t do nothing .委婉型:I can7 t hardly read your hand writing .3 .几乎否定She is barely right.I seldom got any sleep last night.Few people can understand why he did it.二、真题举例There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.【重点词汇解析】methodology , n.方法论;refer to参考、涉及、 指的是；branch , n.分支v.分支、出现分歧【参考翻译】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历 史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。一、理论常识倒装句的几种形式1 .以 here , there ,then , now , next 引出的倒装句。Here comes the special guest of the party .There seem to be many beautiful girls in the university .2 .以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句。At the school gate stood an old woman . Under the tree are sitting some students . On the bed lay a big teddy bear.注意：主语为代词是不用倒装。3 .以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句。Off went the horse .Down fell a dozen apples .4 .否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首。Never have I seen such a good teacher. Not a moment did he waste on campus . By no means should she be left alone .Under no circumstances will I believe you .5 . only置于句首。Only in this way can we make a difference .6 . as/though引导让步状语从句。Rich as he is , he spends a cent on charity .Try as/ though he does , he never seems able to get a high score in the exams .7 .在虚拟条件句中,连词if省略时,即将were, had , should等词提到句首。Were I you , I would take this chance .Should he come tomorrow , he would help us to settle the problem .二.真题举例Odd though it sounds z cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.【重点词汇解析】plausible , adj.貌似可信的;consequence , n.结 果、推论；astrophysicist, n.天体物理学家【参考翻译】尽管它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中 的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论，并且很多天体物理学家 在近十年中已经相信这种理论是真实的。插入句型结构一、理论常识插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释或者说明整个句子，去掉之后 句子仍然完整。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、 不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构。在这就不一一论述了。但值得 注意的是插入语的翻译，有些插入语，尤其是位于句首的插入语，可 保持原文中的词序。然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺 序作必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。二、真题举例But, for a small group of students , professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills , all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.【参考翻译】但是，对一小部分学生来说，专业训练也是条可取的路径。 因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。