2022届中职高考英语二轮复习语法专题4：特殊句式讲义.docx

202L2022中职高考英语二轮复习语法专题4：特殊句式(解析版)中职高考中对于特殊句式的考察主要包括感叹句、祈使句、反义疑问句、强调句、倒装句、省略句、主谓一致等。感叹句感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪.感叹句常有以下几种情形：一、基本构成形式1. what式感叹句(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀！(2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如：What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花儿啊！(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊！2. how式感叹句(1 )Ho w+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如：How clever she is!她多么聪明呀!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一种感情啊！例题:1 .role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.A. How interesting B. How an interestingC. What interesting D. What an interesting解析：D 可以先转化成陈述句 “She played an interesting role in the film.”，an interesting role前置，所以用what来引导感叹句。祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等.谓语动词用动词原形.其主语是you,往往省略.常见的祈使句句型如下：一、肯定式1.动词原形.如：Lay down your arms! 放下 武器!查.2)以as if, as though等连词弓I导的方式状语从句She lay there, as if (she was) dead.她躺在那儿，好像死了.(省略的主语和主 句的主语一致)3)以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句We shall start at eight, if (it is) convenient.如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发.4)以 even if, even though, though, although, whether 等连词引导的让步状语从 句Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.他虽然年轻但懂得很多.Tips:在这类从句中，如果be是助动词，后面跟着现在分词或过去分词，只要主 语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉.He hurt his leg while (he was) riding a horse.他在骑马时伤 了腿.例题:1. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them thanA. ours B. those of ours C. it had for ours D. it did for us一He probably will give you a ride.一Really,I don't need to buy a ticket.A. if necessary B. if soC. if thatD. fortunately解析：DB主谓一致and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如：The writer and worker is in the room.动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如: Educating girls is very important.度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如: 5， 000 dollars is a large sum of money.all of./most of./some of./half of./part of./the rest of/百分数/分数词 /后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：All of the books have been sold out.All of the money has been lent.(5)team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee 等集体名词 作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：The family is made up of five members.The family are watching TV.“the rich/pooi7old/young/wounded/dead/living/.(表示“一类人")十 复数谓 语”“the new/old/beautifiil/unexplained/(表示"抽象概念”)+单数谓语”。如：The old are easily taken in.以 manya+n., more than one+n., each/every/no+n.(+each/every/no+n.) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Many a student has seen the film.Each girl and each boy has a book.“A number of. +复数谓语”“The number of.+单数谓语”。如: A number of students are fond of the book.The number of students in our class is 50.“Quantities of+单数名词/复数名词+复数谓语”“A quantity of+单数名词 +单数谓语'quantity of+复数名词+复数谓语”。如：Large quantities of water are badly polluted.A large quantity of water is badly polluted.就近原贝!J(eitheror,not only.but also, not.but, neither.nor., there be)；就远原贝(with, along with, together with, as well as, such as/like, rather than, besides, including, but, except)o 如：Not I but Tom and Jack are right.Nobody but Tom and Jack is right.K巩固练习)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30° C. in summer.A. if notB. if everC. if anyD. if soIt's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whoThe idea “happiness", , will not sit still for easy definition.A. to be rigidB. to be sureC. to be perfectD. to be fairI spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?A. mustn*tB. haven'tC.didn*t D.hadn*tcarefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.A. Observe B. To observe C. Observed D. ObservingGenerally, students* inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.A. isB. areC. wasD. were"Never fbr a second, “ the boy says, "that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubtedB. do I doubtC. I have doubted D. did I doubt1. The university estimates that living expenses for international studentsaround $8, 450around $8, 450a year, whicha burden for some of them.A. are; is8. are; areC. is; areD. is; is9. It was only after he had read the papersMr.Gross realized the taskbefore him was extremely difficult to complete.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what10. It was 80 years before ChristopherColumbus crossedthe AtlanticZheng He had sailed to East Africa.A. whenB. thatC. afterD. since【答案】l.B2. A3. B 4, C 5. A6. A 7. D 8. A9. B 10. BK强化提升XNo sooner at the desk than the telephone rang.A. had he sat down B. he sat down C. he had sat down D. did he sit downNobody but Jack and Jane great progress in the class recently.A. have made B. has made C. had made D. madeA. survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercisea week good for one's health.A. show； are B. shows； is C. show； is D. shows； areThe women carrying babies, come in first, ?A. will you B. will theyC. do youD. don't youSo difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom foradvice.A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I foundThe place isn*t too bad, is it?No, it is a bit too crowded.A. butB. forC. andD. asyou get into university in the future, you would have to go and take the chance.A. WillB. ShouldC. WouldD. CouldWas it not until out of natural resources that they began to push for otherones?A. people had run B. had people run C. did people run D. people had beenWhen you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf, ?A. do youB.don't you C. will youD. won*t youThe students have been told that under no condition themobilephone inclass.A. may they use B. they may use C. they could useD. would they useWas it from the lake he often went fishing he saved the drowning girl?A. that； thatB. where； whereC. where； that D. that； whereJohnson knows much about the movie. I think he must have seen it, ?A. doesn't heB. hasn't heC. don't ID. didn't he一So hard in the past few months that he has made great progress inEnglish.一I can see that, only a few mistakes in this exam.A. has he worked； did he makeB. he has worked； he madeC. he has worked； has he madeD. has he worked； he madeYou must have met him the other day, I'm quite sure.Oh, no, I.A. didn'tB. haven'tC. hadn'tD. mustn't一Mother hasn't come back yet.一Well, she ought.A. toB. to beC. to doD. to have一I hear that Bai San can't afford his schooling this fall., lets do something for him.A. If soB. When possible C. When necessary D. What a shame一Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he.A. writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write18.Be careful with such things. If you, you'll drop them.A. don'tB. aren'tC. doD. won't.It's ages since I last saw you. I didn't recognize you at first.I, either, if someone hadn't called you by name.A. didn'tB. hadn't had C. wouldn't have D. wouldn't.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?A. I guess not so B. I don't guess C. I don't guess so D. I guess not 21.1 don't think The Flowers of War by Zhang Yimou is popular among teenagers,A. are theyB. isn't itC. don't youD. is it22.The boy was so tired that no sooner his eyes than he fell asleep.A. he closedB. had he closed C. did he closeD. he had closed3., I believe, and you will find he is very outgoing.A. Having a talk with TomB. One talk with TomC. Given a talk with TomD. If you have a talk with Tom.with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.A. Out did the boy rushB. Out rushed theboyC. Out the boy rushedD. Rushed the boyout24 .Little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A. cared he B. he caredC. did he care D. was he cared.Not until the press reported the pollution why the water supply had beencut off.A. people did know B. people had known C. had people known D. did people know. It is our daily decisions, rather than our abilities,show what we truly are.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. that. As is known to us all, English books of this kind well in middle schools.A. sellB. sellsC. is soldD. are sold.Excuse me, sir,either she or I selected to join the team?Sorry, neither she nor you.A. is; areB.am;areC.are; areD. is; is.一Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa?Yes, not only his money, but he was nearly killed.A. he lostB.didhe lose C. he had lost D. was he lost【答案】1. A 2.B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11.C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B令 一一'关注有礼令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令海量教育资源一触即达 令新鲜活动资讯即时上线. Do+动词原形(此句型表示强调).如：Do tell her about it.务必将此事告诉她.2 .主语+动词原形.如：Tom, you go and see whafs happening.汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了.二、否定式Don't或Never+动词原形.如：Never go out alone at night!不要在夜晚单独出去！三、特殊句式祈使句+and/or+陈述句(and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系).如：Use your head, and you' 11 find a good way. (=If you use your head, you'll find a good way.)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的.Hurry up, or we!ll be late. (=If we don't hurry up, we'H be late.)快点,不然我们 就迟到了.Tips:祈使句很简单，动词原形来开头；加上donft或never否定形式成；例题:1.on the television or a magazine, and then you willoften see a lot of advertisements.A. Turning; openTurn; openingB. Turn; openTurning; opening解析：C祈使句，动词原形开头。反义疑问句一、基本结构 如陈述部分为肯定形式，简短问句为否定形式；如陈述部分为否定形式，简短问 句为肯定形式.如：It is a fine day, isn,t it?今天是个好天气，不是吗?1.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后面的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气.其结构为1）肯定的祈使句，+will you/won,t you 2）否定的祈使句，+will you 如：Have a little more coffee. will you/won5t you?再来点咖啡，好吗?3)含有let的祈使句(1) Let's.,+shall we?(表示建议)(2) Let us.，+will you?(表示请求)(3)Let+第三人称.，+will you?如：Let's go out for a walk, shall we? 我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now, will you? 现在，（您）让我们回家，好吗？2 .陈述部分如含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句陈述部分如含有“never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing.等否定词或半否定词时，这部分应视为否定形式，简短问句就用肯定形式.如：He was hardly twelve then, was he?他当时几乎不到十二岁，是吗?3 .陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词的反意疑问句陈述部分含有带“否定”前缀的词，则这部分应看作肯定形式，简短问句就用否定 形式.如:She dislikes the way you work, doesn't she?她不喜欢你的工作方式，对吗？4 .当主语为anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody时，疑问部分的主语用they;主语 为 something,everything,anything,nothing 时，疑问部分的主语用 it。例题:1. Show cheerfulness even when you don't feel it,?A. will you B. do you C. may you D. can't you解析：A.考查反意疑问句.反意疑问句要与主句的主语保持一致，而本句的主 句是祈使句，所以用“will you”.句中的"even when you dorPt feel it”是时间状语 从句.2. Don't forget to turn off the light when you leave the room,?A. will you B. can you C. do you D. are you OK解析：A,考查反意疑问句.反意疑问句要与主句的主语保持一致，而本句的主 句是祈使句，所以用"will you".强调句强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式.一、强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/was +被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语） + that/ who （当强调主语且主语只指人）+其它部分.如：It was yesterday thathe met Li Ping.2 . 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面.如：Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3 .特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who +其它 部分？如：When and where was it that you were born?4 .强调句例句：针对 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行 强调.强调主语： It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.Notice:构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时.原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和 过去进行时,用It was，其余的时态用It is.二、not. until.句型的强调句1 .句型为：It is/was not until +被强调部分+ that +其它部分.如:普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2 .注意：此句型只用until,不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通 用；因为句型中It is/was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句， 切勿再用否定句了.三、谓语动词的强调It is/was.that.结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/ does 或 did.如：Do sit down.务必请坐.He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信.Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小 心啊！Notice:此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式；过去时用did,后面的谓语 动词用原形.例题:2. he managed to get the information?-Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it thatB. What was it thatC. How was it thatD. Why was it that解析：C,他是如何设法得到信息的，问的是方式方法，用How引导，特殊疑 问句的强调句型。3. Is 48 hours the man-made satellite to orbit around theplanet?A. it; that B. it; when C. it for; that it takes D. it; that it takes解析：D 改成陈述句“It takes the man-made satellite 48 hours to orbit around the planetn 此处强调 48 hours倒装句一、完全倒装完全倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前.1. There be/seem/appear/come/lie/live/stand + 主语Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down等+谓语（不及物动词）+主语（名词）2. 地点状语（位于句首）+谓语（不及物动词）+主语（名词）Notice:注意完全倒装,主语必须是名词.如是代词,则不倒装.二、部分倒装L“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”开头的句子.如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重 要性.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英 语才会取得进步.Notice"）在only+状语从句+主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语 序.（2）only修饰主语，不倒装.如:Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案.例题:Only in this way to make improvement in the operating system.A. you can hopeB. you did hopeC. can you hopeD. did you hope解析：C部分倒装2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装.表示否定的副词never, nor, neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly, few, seldom, little,含有 no 和 not 的词组 by no means （决不）,in no time （很快）,at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until, not only.but also, no soonerthan = hardlywhen/scarcelywhen .即“否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语 +其他”.如:Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市.Little/Seldom do I watch TV,我很少看 电视.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间.Notice”）关联词的搭配.前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装.例题:1. I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life so happy!A. did I feel B. I feltC. I had feltD. had I felt解析：D, never表示否定意义的副词置于句首，部分倒装，该句时态过去完成 时，表示过去的过去。2. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized解析：B , not until置于句首，部分倒装。3. 以so开头，用“so +助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也 适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合 于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”.Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了.Notice:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或 者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序.意为“的确，正是”.一Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力.一So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是.(2)倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致.If you don't go, neither/nor shall I. (If you don't go, I shall not go.) 你不去， 我也不 去.Notice:表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况 或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或So it is with sth. /sb.句型.She does well in English, but is poor in math. So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好，但数学学的差，露茜也是如此.例题:-I don't think I can walk any further.-, lets stop here for a rest.A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don*t think so D. I think so解析：B表示我也不会，部分倒装。4 .在sothat从句中，如果so+adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装.So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见.例题:So difficult it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.A. Tve feltB. have I felt C. I did feelD. did I feel解析：D5 .如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, shoul