新高考英语一轮总复习提能练（二十五）必修5UNIT5FIRSTAID.docx

高考提能练（二十五）必修5Unit5FirstaidI .阅读理解A（2020.威海市高考模拟）Americafirsttranscontinentalrailroad，completed 150yearsagotodayatPromontorySummitinUtah,connectedthevastUnitedStatesandbroughtAmericaintothemodernage.Chineseimmigrantscontribute dgreatlytothisnotableachievement, butthehistoricalaccountsthatfollowedoftenignoredtheirrole.Between 1863and 1869,asmanyas20,OOOChineseworkershelpedbuildthedangerouswesternpartoftherailroad,awindingribbonoftrackknownastheCentralPacificRailroad.Atfirst，theCentralPacificRailroad'sdirectorswantedawhites onlyworkforce.Whennotenoughwhitemensignedup，therailroadbeganhiringChinesemenforthebackbreakinglabor.Companyleaderswereskepticalofthene wrecruitsbilitytodothework,buttheyprovedthemselvesnotonlycapablebutevensuperiortotheotherworkers.Chineseworkerscutthroughdenseforests ， filleddeepnarrowsteep sidedvalleys , constructedlongtrestles（ 高 架 桥） andbuiltenormousretainingwalls（ 挡 土 墙）一someofwhichremaincompleteandundamagedtoday.Allworkwasdonebyhandusingcarts,shovelsandpicksbutnomachinery.However , progresscameatgreatcost ：anesti mated 1,200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRailroad.Despitethesefacts，Chineseworkerswereoftenleftoutoftheofficialstorybecauseoftheiridentityofforeigners.Onthetransco ntinentalrailroad 1 OOthbirthday,theChineseworkerswerestillnothonored.Itwasanotherfiftyyearslaterthattheirrolewasgraduallyhighli ghted.Tocelebratetherailroad*s 150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniastateassemblypassedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheChineserailroadworker sbydesignatingMay 10,2017，andeveryMay 1 Othereafter，asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWorkersMemorialDay.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中 国铁路工人所作的贡献。1. Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A. TheBirthoftheCentralPacificRailroadCostDearlyB - May 10-ASpecialDayforChineselmmigrantsC. ChineseWorkers'ContributionsGainedRecognitionD . The1 50thAnniversaryoftheCentralPacificRailroadC考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中 所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括 文章主旨，适合用作标题。2. Whatdoes theyinParagraph2referto?A. Chineselaborers.B. Whiteworkers.C. Companyleaders.D. Railroaddirectors.A考查代词指代。根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work"中的“new recruits”以及上文中的“the railroad began hiring Chinese men”可知，they 指代newrecruits,也就是中国劳工,故选A。3. WhydoestheauthormakesuchdetaileddescriptionsinParagraph3?A ToproveChineseworkersuperiorskills.B. Tostressthedangeranddifficultyofthework.C Todescribethegrandsceneryalongtherailroad.D.ToshownotableachievementsmadebyChineseworkers.B考查推理判断。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一 条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推 车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的"anestimated 1 , 200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificRailroad ” 可知，这一系列详细描述是为 了强调 工作的危险和艰难。4. . Whatdoesthetextintendtotellus?A Nonesoblindasthosewhowon'tsee.B. Nopains, nogains.C - Truthwillcometol ightsoonerorlater.D Doingisbetterthansaying.C考查推理判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于 被认可。Nonesoblindasthosewhowon'tsee 意为“最瞎莫如视而不见"；Nopains, nogains 意 为“一分耕耘，一分收获“；Truthwillcometolightsoonerorlater意为“真相早晚会大白于世”； Doingisbetterthansaying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章主旨一致。B（2020山东省临沂市一模）Wespendathirdofouradultlifeworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareers.Historically , workwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurpose.Duringthevastmajorityofour300 ，000 -yearhumanevolution（进化），workwasinfactprettysimple.Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten.Meaningandpurposecamefromsom ewhereelse, likeculture, art, orscience.Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful 一 isarathermodern , orratherpostmodern,invention.Onlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeworkerswhoretumedfromatypic alworkdayatfactoriescomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidnearnmuchortheywerewornoutbutraretoseet heycomplaintheydidnexperienceasenseofpurpose. Similarly , theideathatweoughttobringour “ whole self toworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradvice.ItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinvent edtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsago.Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhi chtheyidentifywiththeirworkroles.Someseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteveryday,withoutbringingtheirwholeselftowork.Workisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentities,andtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemother , husband , American , captainofthelocalsoccerteam， etc. Others , however , haveaveryclosepsychologicalconnectionwiththeirworkroles , seeingthemasanessentialthingintertwined（紧密相连的）withwhotheyare.Theydon,tjustcometowork.Theyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritua Itypeofconnectionwiththeiijobs.Theyare,itseems，almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics（X） mostcompanieslongfor.语篇解读人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职 业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全 身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。5 . Whydidwespendmuchofouradultlifeworkingduringtheprocessofevolution?A Toprepareforfuturecareers.B - Tofindthewatersources.C Tohelpusevolve.D Tomakeussurvive.D细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句"We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知， 人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存, 故选D项。6 . Whydidthewritermentiontheworkersacenturyago?A Tohelpusfindmeaningatwork.B Toprovethattheideawasmodern.C. Toshowusthebadolddays.D Tocomplainabouttheexperiences.8. 推理判 断题。 根据 第 二 段第一句 u Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningful-isarathermodern,orratherpostmodern, invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提 到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。9. WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewith?A. Employeeshavedifferentunderstandingoftheirworkroles.10. Everyemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftowork.C Tobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelidea.D Workersoreidentityisbuiltonartcategories.A推理判断题。根据第三段第三句"His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度 是因人而异的，故选A项。8 . Whatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavor?A Thosewhoseeworkasajob.B - Thosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroles.C Thosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirwork.D Thosewhopossessexperience.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句 "Theyare , itseems , almostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor.?, 大多 数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。II.七选五（2020-福州市高中毕业班质检） Noonehasyetprovedaconnectionbetweennapping （小 睡） andprofessionalsuccess, butaninterestingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweenthedaytimenapandgoodhealth.Dr .AndronikiNaskaandDr.DimitriosTrichopoulosfromHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23, OOOGreekpatientsforanaverageofsixyears.jThestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotooka30minutenapatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwh odidnotsleepatallduringtheday.2 Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired. However, anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterranean, wherenapsremaincommon, havecomeupwithconflictingresults, butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed （有 缺 陷 的）.3 Theymayhavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks , couldthemuch - celebratedMediterraneandietdeservescredit,ratherthanthenaps?Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso, foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplant baseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.5 TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterr aneandietareconfirmed, hesays, andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat. A ThefirmanswerfromDr.TrichopouIosis " No B , Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen. C. Theirconclusion: nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.D. Somestudieshaveshownthatdietisrelevanttonaps.E. Forexample, thesubjectsinsomehadsurvivedheartattacks.F. Thosewithheartattacksarealsolesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.G. Hisstudywascontrolledfordiet, smoking, exerciseandotherrelevantfactors.语篇解读一项有趣的研究表明，白天小憩和良好的健康之间有一定的关联。本文介绍了 该研究的相关内容。1. C本空是段尾句，承接上文表述的一项有趣的研究称发现了白天小憩与良好的健康 之间有一定的关联。故C项与此处匹配。2. B根据空后一句"It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired”可 知，选项B的结构和内容与之呼应，所以选B项。3. E根据空前一句中的“thosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed（有缺陷的）“，并结合空后一 句“They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do”可推知，此处应是 具体说明其他研究的缺陷之处，故E项符合语境，承上启下。4. A承接空前的问句可知，空处应是对空前的问句回答，故A项符合语境，与下文相 衔接。5. G与前一句中的“it was he who did the pioneering research”呼应可推知，该空陈述的 应是其研究的相关内容，结合选项和上下文可知，选项G符合语境，所以选G项。此应用文写作（2020山东历城二中第一次模拟）假定你是李华，获知你的英国朋友Eric在汉语书法比赛中获得一等奖。请你给他写一 封邮件，内容包括：1 .表示祝贺；2 .赠送名家字帖。注意：1 .词数80左右;3 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：字帖 calligraphycopybookDearEric,Yours,LiHua答案:DearEric,CongratulationsonyourwinningfirstprizeintheChinesecalligraphycontest!Asisknowntoall，calligraphyisanimportantpartofChinesetraditionalculture.ItisreallyamazingforaforeignertowriteChi nesecharacterssowell.rvealreadyhadacopybookofWangXizhiworksdeliveredtoyou.Ihopeitcanbeo fsomehelp.r mlookingforwardtoyourgreaterprogressinthefuture.Yours,LiHua