阅读理解长难句题的解题分析+备考策略+实战演练讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.docx

阅螃解长难句题的解粉析+备考第暗+实战谶义近几年的全国高考英语阅读试题中，除了考查学生的词汇量之外，还出现了 越来越多的长难句理解题。碰到这类试题，有些学生虽然能够在原文中找到试 题出处，但还是无法准确无误地选出答案。那么，应该怎样复习备考，提高这 类试题的得分率呢？考题分析【考例 1 】Why was Garzas move a success?A. It strengthened her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her to make more friends.D. It helped her know more new places.主要答题依据：Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.分析：本句主干是一个主谓+复合宾语的简单句，随后带了一个V-ing形式 作原因状语（其逻辑主语是the move）,这个原因状语中又包含一个隐含虚拟 语气的定语从句。题干与本句的主干意义一致，所以此题主要考查对原因状语 的理解。结合虚拟语气的用法可知，原因状语意思是说，搬到一起后，他们之 间的关系更亲密了。如果他们不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他们之间的 关系就不会比现在更亲密。故此题选A。考例 2 What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.immediately try to help.”及第四段中的第一句"There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children.”可知，只有18个月大的孩子就已经知道去帮助 他人，而且帮助、告知和提供的做法不是父母教的，而是小孩子天生拥有的， 是人类的本能。故A项正确3.Co主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，实验证明孩子从小就知道帮助别人， 与他人合作是他们的一种本能，应选C。主要答题依据：“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own, ” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents .分析：此题主要考查对引号中句子的理解。这个句子的结构并不复杂，第一 个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句是省略了主语的主谓宾结构，其后再加far 和fast及动词不定式作状语。本句难就难在考查了一个特殊的语法结构 “cant/couldn匕.enough.”表示“越越好”，所以引号中句子的意思是“在20 世纪60年代我们都有一点疯狂，为了证明我们可以独立，我们认为离家越远越 好，越快越好。”故此题选C。【考例 3 What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun.D. Visiting a local farmers market.主要答题依据：Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.分析:这个句子是一个长句，但本句其实就是一个由but连接的转折并列句。 第一个分句是一个主谓宾简单句“Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets filled the weekend"；第二个分句是个主系表简单句“the best part was a 7 a.m. adventured第一个分句的主语后加了插入语对pink sunsets补充说明； 第二个分句的主谓之间也用破折号加入了插入语，表语“ a 7 a.m. adventure”后 带了介词短语作定语和分隔式定语从句。定语从句“that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call”中的 that 指代 adventure, 再根据 adventure 后 的定语可知，这次冒险是指早起去Sarasota当地的农贸市场，因此此题答案选 Do考例 4 What was the author going to do that evening?A. Go to a farm.B. Check into a hotel.C. Eat in a restaurant.D. Buy fresh vegetables.主要答题依据：Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for me-I was planning to have dinner that very night.分析：本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句为主谓结构的简单句“my happiness deepened",其前面是一个as引导的倒装结构的让步状语从句，其 后是when引导的时间状语从句，这个时间状语从句中又包含一个that引导的 主系表结构的宾语从句，这个宾语从句中有一个介词短语for Jack Dusty作状 语，其后接“a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”作 Jack Dusty的同位语，补充说明Jack Dusty是一家新开的餐馆，然后再由where 引导非限制性定语从句补充说明我打算要在那天晚上在Jack Dusty这家新开的 餐馆里吃饭，故答案选C。【考例 5 In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US主要答题依据：It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.分析：本句是一倜由that引导的主语从句的复合句。that引导的主语从句中 包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句是there be句型，其主语“more than 3 billion passenger pigeons”后由破折号引出同位 语 a number,然后再接定语从句 “which is equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States ”的省略形式（省略了 which is）作 a number的后置定语，最后这个there be句型后又跟了一个V-ing形式的结果 状语。根据这个句子的意思及仔细比拟四个选项，可知此题选D。【考例 6 What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.C. Respectful. D. Supportive.主要答题依据：This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.分析：本句是一个包含because原因状语从句的复合句。because原因状 语从句是一个包含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句主语 和谓语之间插入了who引导的定语从句,主句的谓语使用的是leavesb/sthadj. （使处于某种状态）的被动语态。本句可翻译为：当所有的专家忙于争辩 哪个是最好的选择时，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被诸多相互矛盾的信息 困扰着，这让我感到无限沮丧。因此作者对专家们的态度是怀疑的，故此题选 Bo特点归纳1 .简单句中包含有复杂的修饰成分。【考例】Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.分析：第二个分句的主语“the best part”后带修饰成分“particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables", 表语匕 7 a.m. adventure”后，带修饰成分“ to the Sarasota farmers market 和 that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call”。2 .两个句子成分之间被插入语等分隔。【考例】 Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.分析：先行词 Jack Dusty 和定语从句“whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night”之间插入同位语匕 newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”。3 .从句套从句，环环相扣。【考例】It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.分析：主语从句中包含一个主从复合句。4 .某些特殊句式或特殊语法现象。【考例】 Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.分析：本句考查了 V-ing形式作状语和虚拟语气的用法。备考策略快速把握句子主干是理解难句的关键。我们必须学会分析句子结构，把握句 子主干，准确理解句子意思，以利于提高阅读速度。要理解这些复杂的句子,我们最好把它们简化为基本句式。因此，我们首先必须扎实掌握句法的基本知 识。英语句法的基本知识主要包括以下几个方面。1 .英语句子的主要成分有：主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补。2 .英语句子的类型主要包括筒单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句主要有5种基本句型。主+谓 It snowed all night.主+谓+宾 I can't support this heat. 主+系+表 He remains a worker. 主+谓+双宾（间宾+直宾）He told us an interesting story. 主+需+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）We made him monitor.另外还有特殊句式的筒单句：there be句型、感叹句和祈使句。2）并列句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句就构成了并列句。根 据简单句之间的关系可将并列句分为联合并列句、转折并列句、选择并列句和 因果并列句。联合并歹U句：I'm easy to get along with others （主系表）and I really enjoy making friends.（主谓宾）转折并列句：He likes sports （主谓宾）whereas Td rather collect stamps.（主谓宾）选择并列句:Wear your coat （祈使句）or else you will catch a cold.（主 谓宾）因果并列句：All the classmates are friendly and kind （主系表），so you don't need to worry about the difficulty.（主谓宾）3）复合句主要包括名词性从句、形容词性从句既定语从句、副词性从句既 状语从句。名词性从句。主语从句:What I want to tell you first （引导词+主谓宾）is the climate here. 宾语从句：I want to tell you how important your help is （引导词+主系表（表 语被how修饰提前）to my life.表语从句：The fact is that we have lost the game.（引导词+主谓宾）同位语从句：Yousve given me hope that I can follow my heart.（引导词+ 主谓宾）定语从句。限制性定语从句：Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker（弓I 导词作主语+谓宾）has Jane Addams to thank.非限制性定语从句：However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.（引导词+主谓宾）状语从句。由连词引导，根据其在句中的功能可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、 结果、条件、让步、比拟等状语从句。时间状语从句：As he grows （连词+主谓）you also age.原因状语及、句：And because they felt good about themselves （连词+主系 表）, others felt good about them.条件状语从句：However, if this is not available （连词+主系表），students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.3.英语句子中还有些非正常语序或结构特殊的句子，如省略句、倒装句和强 调句等。省略句： Though willing to get started （省略 we are） , we cannot seem to do the job right.倒装句：Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes.强调句：It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.如果能够从宏观上系统掌握英语句法知识，在阅读中遇到长难句时就能熟练 地化繁为简，提纲挈领地抓住长难句大意从而选出正确答案。实战演练Chimps （黑猩猩） w川 cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct （本自£） to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's mind have and chimps don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we"， a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbor's food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.2. Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they.A. has the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full3. The passage is mainly about.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train children's shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in children1 .Ao 推理判断题。第二段中的“If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random-he just does t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.”说 明了实验方式及实验结果，据此可知黑猩猩很自私，根本不在乎邻居吃了食物 没有，说明他们不关心其他人的利益，故A项正确。2 .Ao 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will