史上最全面的人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结.docx

【知识提供】高一主要语法点必修一：直接引语和间接引语（宾语从句）；现在进行时表将来；定语从句必修二：定语从句（非限定定从、定从中的介词前提）；被动语态（一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态）必 修三：情态动词；名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词（V-ing）；构词法必修2第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4第一单元主谓一致 第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法 第三单元v-ing作表语，定语和宾语补足语 第四单元 v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元 倒装句第五单元省略句人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1. go through经历，经受get through通过；完成；接通 set down t己下,放下2. a series of 系歹Uon purpose 有目的的3. in order to 为了at dusk黄昏，黄昏时刻4. face to face 面对面fall in love 爱上5. join in参加（某个活动）； take part in参加（活动）join加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）calm down冷静下来6. suffer from 遭受【知识提供】例：1) I'll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6关系副词where在定语从句中的用法关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语例：1) This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn't very clean.7关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语例：1). I didn't get a pay rise, but this wasn't the reason why(= for which) I left.2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela -amodern hero一、重点词汇1. selfish自私的selfless无私的devote oneself to.致力于； 献身于2. fight against 对抗，反对fight for为.而战principle 原那么principal校长；主要的offer guidance to . .给.提供指导3. out of work 失业join加入(组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员)join in参加(活动)take part in 参力口(活动)as + adj +as one can 尽可能=as + adj. +as possibleas a matter of fact 事实上 (=in fact)4. blowup爆炸，炸掉io【知识提供】 .setup 建立 ;set about 着手，开始做（set about doing sth.） setoff 出发，动身； set out 开始，出发（set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判be equal to与相等；胜任13. be proud of为感至U自豪give out分发（give off散发出（气味）14. die for为而死die of死于（自身原因，如疾病）die from死于（外在原因，如车祸）realize one9s dream of.实现.,的梦想15. only位于句首时，要主谓倒装例： Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.二.语法一定语从句详见第四单元11【知识提供】12. be/get tired of对感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于16. find it + adj. to do sth.发现做某事是17. no longer / not .any longer 不再18. toomuch太多（后接不可数n.） much too太.（后接adj.）19. not.until直至lj.才20. ifs no pleasure doing sth 做. 并不开心21. makesb. sth.使某人成为.make sb. do sth.使某人做某事二、语法一直接引语和间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例： Mr. Black said, " I'm busy.Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规那么（一）陈述句的变化规那么直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that （可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代 词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化一一人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思22. . He said, “ I like it very much. He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, 'Tv left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化2直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时【知识提供】例：一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary J said Anne.Anne said that she didn' t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said JTm using a knife.”f The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如:He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two day's timecomegoheretherethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier（二）祈使句的变化规那么如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子 意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否认句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例： The hostess said to us, "Please sit down."The hostess asked us to sit down.【知识提供】He said, "Don't make so much noise, boys.”f He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）:问句的变化规那么如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例：“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.f The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2）特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变 为陈述句。例：“What do you want?” he asked me., He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重点短语be different from 与.不同be the same as 与一样one another 相互， 彼止匕（=each other）1. official language 官方语言at the end of在.结束时2. because of因为（后接名词或名词性短语）because因为（后接句子）native speakers 说母语的人3. be based on根据，依据at present目前；当今4. especially 特别，尤其specially专门地make use of利用make the best of充分利用IL a large number of大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）【知识提供】the number of的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上12. believe it or not 信不信由你there is no such thing as. 没有这样的事13. be expected to.被期待做某事play a part/role in .在起作用14. make lists of.歹ll清单included包括（前面接包括的对象）Including包括（后接包括的对象）command sb. to do sth.命令某人去做某事 command + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原）15. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原）二、语法一英语中的命令（command）语气和请求（request）语气命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比拟重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比拟缓和，非常礼貌例：1 . “Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语1. travel 一泛指旅行j ourney -指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage-指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行trip -常指短时间短距离的旅行【知识提供】tour -指周游，巡回旅游，prefer to更加喜欢，宁愿prefer A to B比起B,更喜欢Aprefer doing to doing 比起做，宁愿做prefer to do rather than do 与其做，不如flow through 流过，流经2. ever since 自从persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事3. be fond of 喜欢insist on doing坚持做某事insist + that 从句（用 should+ V 原）care about 关心4. change one's mind 改变想法altitude 高度attitude态度，看法make up one's mind to do 下定决心做某事=decide to do = make a decision to dogive in让步，屈服give up放弃be surprised to .对.感到惊奇to one surprise 令某人惊讶的是at last = finally = in the end 最终5. stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事as usual像往常一样6. so.that如止匕.以至于So +adj +a/an +n. +thatSuch + a/an+adj. +n. +thatbe familiar with对熟悉（人作主语）be familiar to为.所熟悉（物作主语）【知识提供】二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do 等.例：1. Tm coming.我就来2. what are you doing next Sunday ?你下个星期天做什么？3.1 hear that you are travelling along Mekong River.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night?你们晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes一、重点短语L right away 立亥U，马上 （=at once = in no time）2. asleep睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep入睡）sleep睡；睡眠sleepy犯困的it seems that/ as if.看来好像；似乎3. in ruins成为废墟the number of的数量（谓语动词用单数）a number of大量（谓语动词用复数）rescue workers 营救人员Come to one's rescue 营救某人be trapped 被困4. how long多长时间how often多久，指平率how soon还要多久（用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答）hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的5. dig out 挖出 .shake-泛指“动摇，震动”，常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”7【知识提供】例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken with anger.quake-指较强烈的震动，如地震例：The building quaked on its foundationTremble-指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.Shiver-多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (rose-risen)vi, 上升； 升起， 无被动语态；give rise to弓I起Raise (raised-raised) vt,举起； 筹集； 养育Arise (arose一arisen)vt,出现(常指问题或现象)injure -常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例： He was injured in a car accident.harm-泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason.hurt -既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell.3. He felt hurt at your word.wound-一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.13. be prepared for . . = make preparations for. 为.做准备in one5s honor向表示敬意;为纪念Be/ feel honored to do做感到很荣幸make /give/ deliver a speech 发言opening speech 开幕词give/ provide shelter to向提供庇护所seek shelter from躲避happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生 happen to do sth.偶然；碰巧【知识提供】happen指偶然发生take place指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法一定语从句概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that, which, who（宾格为whom,所有 格为whose）；或者关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语 从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。1关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语例：1） A plane is a machine that can fly.（指物，作主语）2） The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious.（指物，作宾语）3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?（指人，作主语）4）The girl （that） we saw yesterday was Jim's sister,（指人，作宾语）2 关系代词which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语例：1） Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn'tneedmuchwater.（作主语）2） The fish （which） we bought this moming were not fresh.（作 宾语）3关系代词who, whom的用法关系代词who,whom只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例：1） The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.（作主语）2） The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li.（作宾语）、4关系代词whose在的用法关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所 修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例：1） This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. （?a A, 作主语）Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.（指物，作主语）2） He has written a book whose name Fve forgotten.（指物，作宾语）5关系副词when的用法关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语9