高考英语语法《代词》备考知识点全方位.docx

高考分析专题03代词近几年在代词上主要考察其基本用法,相比照拟简单.在解题时要根据语意并结合 语境去判断人称和数,要认真阅读上下文，明确指代对象,并注意分析其成分以确 定代词的格.代词可以代替名词或起名词的作用的短语、分句和句子.代词可分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、不定代词、连接代词和关系代词.代词概览人称代词人称代词的用法代词忱的用法形容词性物主代词代词名词性物主代词that/these：this/those（一）人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1 .基本用法功能作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表 语或宾语作宾语、 表语或 同位语第一I俄）momyminemyself人称we （我们）usouroursourselves第二人称you （你）youyouryoursyourselfYou （你们）youyouryoursyourselves7. 解析：youroui7 the依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知,前面的主语是we,句中的your与上下文相悖,应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺.8. 解析：saw后加his根据语境及英语表达习惯,应当在parents前加上与主语Tony 相一致的物主代词his.9. 解析:him them根据上文可知,此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用them.10. 解析：them ita beautiful park 为单数，故应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park.11. 解析：anolherolheranolher "又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用other,意为“其他的”.12. 解析：anythingf somethingsomething 一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事"；anything 一般用在疑问句和否认句中.此处是表示某件事 而不是任何事情.13. 解析:many* much此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用much, many用来指代可数名词复数.第三人称he （他）himhishishimselfshe （她）herherhersherselfit沱）ititsitsitselfthey （他们）themtheirtheirsthemselves2.反身代词（二）it的用法作宾语动词宾语：Tom taught himself Chinese.介词宾语：You can, t leave the baby by himself.作表语She is not quite herself today.作同位语I myself can repair the bike.与动词 搭配come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 behave oneself举止规矩有礼;检点 apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 teach oneself 自学 speak to oneself 自言自语 think for oneself 独立思考1. it的基本用法指价值、天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春,但是天气己经很热了.代替前面提过的事物Although he didn，t like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看.指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人（由 于某种原因而不知对方是谁）What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？2. it作形式主语或形式宾语常用句型it 作 形 式 主 语It is said/reported that . 据说/据报道It is certain that .是一定的It is no use/good doing .做没有用/好处It takes sb. some time to do 做花费某人假设干时间It is a pity/shame that .真可惜It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看来It looks/seems as if/as though .看起来好像It happens that 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起it作形式宾语 主 语 + think/be1ieve/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep + it + a"/.+for/of sb. to do/that 从句 主 语 + th i nk/beIieve/suppose/cons i der/feel/make/keep + it + useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy 4-doing 3. it的常用短语或句型 make it获得成功;赶上 See to it that . 确保count on/rely on/depend on it that .相信 as someone puts it像某人所说的那样 When it comes to .当涉及/谈到I can't help it (.)我没方法/情不自禁I take it that .我理解的是It* s (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了It* s the first/second/. time that sb. have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/次做某事了It is/has been . since .自从已过了时间了It will be/was . before 要过时间才/在之前已过了时间1. both, all, cither, neither 与 none 的区别2. each与every的区别2. each与every的区别each(1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每both表示“两者(都)”.(2)作主语时,谓语动词用好数形式.(3)与not连用表示局部否认，意为“两者并不都”.(表示全部否认需用 neither)all(1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”.(2)作主语,指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语 动词通常用单数形式.(3)与not连用表示局部否认.(表示完全否认需用none)either(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”.(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一 个"需用any)(2)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.neither(1)表示“(两者)都不”.(2)单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.(3)后接of短语作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式.none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”.(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式.(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词.一个”.(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语.作主语时，谓语动词用单3. the other, another, others 与 the others 的区别数形式;作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致.every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上 中的“每一个”.(2)与not连用构成局部否认.(3)可用来表示“每隔”.(4)不可与of短语连用.the other可单独使用,特指两者中的“另一个”或两局部中的“另一局部”.another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词.另 外,another后可接“基数词/fev+复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作 一个整体)"，表示“另外的(多少)”.others/the othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some连用.特指“整体中除去一局部后剩余的全部人或事物”时用 the others.4. none, nothing 与 no onc/nobody 的区别none(D特指语境中提到的人或物,强调数量.(2)后可接of短语,可回答以how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句.nothing(1)指物,表泛指.(2)不可接of短语,可回答what引导的特殊疑问句.no one/(D常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数.nobody(2)不可接of短语,可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句.5.复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybod yno one/ nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing知识拓展复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配: nothing but仅仅；只是anything but 决不 something of 有几分；略微or something诸如此类的人或物 something else别的东西；另夕I、一件事 for nothing 免费6.表数量的不定代词的用法few修饰或代替可数名词否认含义几乎没有a few修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义几个;一些little修饰或代替不可数名词否认含义几乎没有alittle修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义少量;一点点many修饰或代替可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义许多1 .单句语法填空（2021.全国卷乙卷）Ecotourism has （it）origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.1. （2021.浙江高考）she was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.2. （2020 全国 I 卷）Data about., could helpChina decide whether （it） plans for a future lunar （月球的） base are practical.3. （2020 新高考全国 I 卷）As well as looking atexhibits, visitors can play wi th computer simulations（模 拟）and imagine （they） living at a different time in history or.4. （2019 北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, Iknow I will whisper to （I） the two simple words ” Be yourself ” .5. （2018 全国卷 I ） If you are time poor, youneed run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.6. （2018 全国卷 HD'Vhen the gorillas and Ifrightened each other, I was just glad to find（they） alive.7. （2018 , 6 月浙江高考）Many westerners whocome to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheapcan be to eat out.8. （2017 6 月浙江高考）"She thought I hadhurt，“says Pahlsson.9. （2016 ,全国卷 I ）0n my recent visit, I helda lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by（it）mother.10. （2015 ,广东 高考）Mr. Johnson lived in thewoods with his wife and children. He owned a farm . Now it occurred to that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.11. （2014 ,全国卷 H）Then the driver stood upand asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, u0h dear! It's （I）. ”12. （2014 ,辽宁 高考）Raise your leg and letstay in the air for seconds.13. （2014 广东高考）Last year, my brother and Iwent to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before saidwas a wonderful holiday destination.1. 解析：its origin为名词，其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰.故填its.2. 解析:herself 句意：她长得非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很高雅，井井有条.根据句意可知，此处要用反身代词.故填 herself.3. 解析：its plans为名词，其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰.故填its.4. 解析：themselves imagine 的主语是 visitors,且visitors又是动作image的承受者,可知此处要用反身代词.故填themselves.5. 解析:myself 主语和宾语指同一个人，故可知代词,应用反身代词.故填myself.6.解析：it/running根据句意可知，此处表示“我 们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it,指代上文的running,此处也可直接填名词 running.7. 解析:them人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格.空格前面是动词find,空格处应用宾格，故填them,指代上文的gorillas.8. 解析：it此处应用it作形式主语,动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语.9. 解析：myself 句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”.根据前面的主语I可知,此处要用反身代词作宾语.10. 解析：its句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了.此处应 该使用形容词性物主代词iis作定语，修饰名词mother.11. 解析：him "it occurred to sb. +that 从句”表示“某人突然想到"，此处指Mr. Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情,所以填him.12. 解析:me/mine根据上文语境可知，此处的It如果指前面的suitcase的话,那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine,表示“那个箱子 是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话,那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me,表示“是我在 上一站丧失了手提箱”.13. 解析：it句意:抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟.此处填it指代前面出现的“your leg” .14. 解析：it 从空格后的 “a wonderful holidaydestinationM可知,这个地方就是Miami,故填it指代前面提到的地点.H.单句改错（2020.全国卷 II） Best of luck with yourslearning kung fu in China.1. （2018 全国卷III） I had done myself homework,but I was shy.2. （2017 ,全国卷IH）About one month after thisphoto was taken, I entered my second year of high school . This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.3. （2016 ,全国卷 H） If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.4. （2016 全国卷HI）At first, I thought I kneweverything and could make decisions by yourself.5. （2016 四川高考）When he came back, I founda bunch of flowers in her hand. 6. （2015 全 国卷 I ）We must find ways toprotect your environment. If we fai1 to do so, we'll live to regret i t.7. （2015 ,全国卷 II）Five minutes later, Tonysaw parents.8. （2015 四川高考）As I told you last time, Imade three new friends here . but I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship. What do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him?9. （2015 浙江高考）Close to the school therewas a beautiful park with many trees around them.10. （2018 全国卷 I ）The first time I went there,they were living in a smal1 house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. _11. （2015 陕西高考）My soccer coach retiredlast week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.12. （2015 ,四川高考）We've been spending a lotof time singing in karaoke bars. It? s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. _1. 解析：yours-you/yours句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词.故将yours改为you/your.2. 解析:myselfmy此处表示我已经完成了我的家庭作业.my是形容词性物主代词，作homework的定语,myself不作定语.3. 解析:your-my此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my.4. 解析:your-our根据前面的主语we可知,此处要用our,表示“我们能够开阔我 们的视野”.5. 解析：yourselfmyself根据前面的I可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself.6. 解 析:her-*his 由 前 面 的"When he cameback”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里.