精校版2019高考英语全国1卷及参考答案.docx

2019高考全国I卷英语试题绝密启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷 I）英语考前须知：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二局部阅读理解（共两节，总分值 40分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分,总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ANeed a Job This SummerThe provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件） for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15_18 years old in select communities （社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities （机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer CompanyIt requires no training before employment.A. It provides awards for running new businesses.B. It allows one to work in the natural environment.C. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramWhich program favors the disabled A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.BFor Canaan Elementary? s second gra de in Patchogue, . , today is speech day ,and right now it' s Chris Palaez' s turn. The 8 -year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he' s nervous. "I' m here to tell you today why you should should-n Chris trips on the “ -Id, " a. pronunciation difficulty for many non -native English speakers. His teacher , Thomas Whaley , is next to him, whispering support. u,Vote for me " Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion , Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls （回想起）how at the beginning of the year , when called upon to read , Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. "It takes a lot for any student ,“ Whaley explains ,especially for a student who is lea rning English as their new language , to feel confident enough to say ,61 don' t know, but I want to know.' "Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.uBoasting about yourself, and your best qualities, , Whaley s ays, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident. ” 24. What made Chris nervousA. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles“ i n paragraph 2 refer toA. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley' s project is to.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students' public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students' love for politicsWhich of the following best describes Whaley as a teacherA. Humorous.B. Ambitious. C. Caring.D. Demanding.CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric （生物测量） technologies like fingerprint scans to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device （装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with whichone types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people，s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to 一regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn，t require a new type of technology that people aren，t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboardA. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possibleComputers are much easier to operate.A. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.B. Typing patterns vary from person to person.C. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboardA. It'11 be environment-friendly.B. It'11 reach consumers soon.C. It 11 be made of plastics.D. It，11 help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely fromA. A diary.guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.DDuring the rosy years of elementary school（小学）,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables, plays -we1l-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there' s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even disho norable behavior.studies show unpleasantEnviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein, s consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are umost likely to engage （从事） in dangerou s and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys （调查研究） . “We found that the least well -liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness 一 carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research , Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, “ he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary schoolA. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool,is the second paragraph mainly aboutA. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinstein' s study find about the most liked kidsA. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the textE. Be Nice- You Won' t Finish LastF. The Higher the Status, the BetterG. Be the Best-You Can Make ItH. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Is Fresh Air Really Good for YouWe all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air. " S6According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality inyour camping area is good.S7 tf the air you ' re breathing is clean 一 which it would be if you' re away from the smog of cities 一 then the air is filled with life-giving , energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles （肌肉）and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing （治 愈）_In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood （ f青绪） . Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial VitaminD. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D 一 but still protect your skin 一 put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting forC. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always saidF. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.第三局部语言知识运用（共两节，总分值 45分）第一节 （共20小题；每题分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.They44 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers （冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I' m 44 about the place 一 other destinations are describedas “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon4&that much has changed since the days of disturbing reportsof 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and alongthe paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the TanzaniaNational Park Authority seem to be 49.The best of a Kilimanjaro 56, in my opinion, isn' t reaching the top. Mountainsare as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident onKilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems （生态系统） in the space of a few kilometers.54 lands of low growingAt the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters,plants. Further up, the weatherplants. Further up, the weathercovered with thick grass. I55 low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000meters is the highland57: gravel （砾石）,stones and rocks.you climb intoan arctic-like zone withan arctic-like zone with59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro©0 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of touristsruining the atmosphereruining the atmosphereof peacel foundthe opposite to be true.41. A. keep42. A. stories43. A. position44. A. silent45. A. discover46. A. equipment47. A. remoteB. mixB. buildingsB. ageB. skepticalB. argueB. grassB. quietC. connectC. crowdsC. faceC. seriousC. decideC. campsC. allD. bringD. reportersD. nameD. crazyD. advocateD. stonesD. clean48. A. newB.49. A. paying off50. A. atmosphere51. A. studied52. A. viewB.53. A. scientists54. A. holding on to55. A. changes56. A. match57. A. village58. A. Obviously59. A. permanent60. A. enjoy61. A. newB.62. A. paying off63. A. atmosphere64. A. studied65. A. viewB.66. A. scientists67. A. holding on to68. A. changes69. A. match70. A. village71. A. Obviously72. A. permanent73. A. enjoyspecialC.8. spreading outB. experienceB. observedqualityC.B. climbersB. going back toB. clearsB. imagineB. desertC.B. EasilyC.B. littleB. deservesignificantC. blowing upC. experimentC. explored reasonD.C. localsC. living up toC. improvesC. count roadD.ConsequentlyC. freshC. saveD. necessaryD. fading awayD. sightD. regarded purposeD. officialsD. giving way toD. permitsD. add lakeD. FinallyD. artificialD. acquire第二节（共10小题；每题分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88° ,there is evidence they range all theway across the Arctic, and as farway across the Arctic, and as farsouth as James Bay in Canada. It isa global population of polar bearsas much of the range has beendifficult to figure out62(poor) studied;however, biologists calculate thathowever, biologists calculate thatthere are about 20,000-25,000 polarbears worldwide.Modem methods 63tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since themid-1980