2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题及答案详解.docx

2022年全国乙卷英语高考真题及答案详解河南省2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是A。Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?Havebreakfast.Takeawalk.Callhisoffice.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?Havingameeting.Flyinghome.Workingonaproject.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?Itsbig.Itsquiet.Itsnew.Howdoesthewomansound?Annoyed.Pleased.Puzzled.Whereisthemanstable?Nearthedoor.Bythewindow.Inthecorner.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?Eatout.Goshopping.Dosports.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Bossandsecretary.Hostessandguest.Husbandandwife.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?Theirbusinessisslow.Theweatherisfavorable.Itseasytohirepeople.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?Finishitallatonce.Havethesalessectiongofirst.Doonedepartmentatatime.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?Howtoappreciateartworks.Howtodealwithartists.Howtorunamuseum.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?Hestudiedatacollege.Heservedinthearmy.Heworkedinagallery.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?Rembrandts.Botticellis.Rubens.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?Atalibrary.Inalawfirm.Onatrain.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?March.August.OctoberWhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.Hewasofferedabetterone.Hegottiredofit.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohnsproblem?Carefree.Understanding.Forgiving.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?HewasmotivatedbyBolt.Hebrokeaworldrecord.Hewonfifthplace.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?Gettingoveraninjury.Doingstrengthtraining.RepresentingBotswana.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?Hisplantogoforthegold.Hisexperienceonthetrack.Hisloveforhishomecountry.【答案】15BCBAC610ACACA1115ACCBA1620BBCAB第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionLectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像画)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.ExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Theisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1JanuaryAdmissionAspeciallowentrancechargeof?2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburnsEnglishContemporaries?Sun.26Oct.Thurs.30Oct.Thurs.6Nov.Thurs.13Nov.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.?4.B.?8.C.?12.D.?16.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.Theymustbeledbyteachers.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】2123BBC【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了苏格兰画家画展的一些情况。21.细节理解题。根据LectureSeries小标题下的内容“RaeburnsEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10”可知，答案为B。细节理解题。根据最后一句话“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof?2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.”可知，如果老师组团带学生一起，可获得相应折扣，故选C。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwoodtraveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruffsgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickendensbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirlsdecisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothysreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?Toteachinaschool.TostudyAmericanhistory.Towriteabook.Todosightseeing.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.Theysufferedseverehardships.WhichpartofWickendenswritingishair-raising?TheextremeclimateofAuburn.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.Whatisthetext?Anewsreport.Abookreview.Achildrensstory.Adiaryentry.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【解析】本文为，介绍了DorothyWickenden写了一本关于自己的(外)祖母DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood年轻时去贫困山区支教的书，作者简单介绍了这本书的情节并对这本书加以赞许。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwoodtraveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.”可知，这两位富家女孩去到落基山脉是为了在当地一所学校教书，故选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning”可知，这两个女孩在支教时受了不少苦，故选D。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.”可知，Wickenden书中最令人毛骨悚然的部分是关于在落基山脉修建铁路的部分，故选C。文章来源题。根据第一段最后一句中的“NothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden”，第四段的开头“InWickendensbook”和最后一段的开头“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可知，整篇文章都在围绕Wickenden这本书展开叙述，所以是一篇书评，故选B。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtodays“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrewsefforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildontneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.Dronesabilitytoworkathighaltitudes.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.Dronesreliableperformanceinremoteareas.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?Personnelsafety.Assistancefromdrones.Inspectionandrepair.Constructionofinfrastructure.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?Toprovideearlywarning.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.Toacceleratetransportation.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesHowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedWhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D【解析】本文为说明文，从多方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。细节理解题。根据第二段前两句中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure.”可知，无人机在已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁轨和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，所以是无人机在检查电线的使用使得无人机成为在铁轨上的应用成为可能，故选A。词义猜测题。根据划线词后一句中的“.20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，仅欧洲铁路公司一年就在铁路维护上花费了大约200亿欧元，包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施，所以无人机在铁轨的使用能大大降低维修成本，故选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.”可知，配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员实时监测，并发出问题的信号，所以铁轨无人机的作用是提供早期预警。故选A。标题归纳题。通读全文，文章从降低铁轨维修成本，协助员工危险作业以及提供预警等方面介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，故选D。DTheGovernmentssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).ItisbelievedthatInitiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake?520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate?240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Todaysfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildrenshealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproductssugarcontent.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述政府通过征收饮料糖税来控制的摄糖量从而帮助减少肥胖，并且达到了很好的效果。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“thetax.wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity”可知，糖税政策被引进的作用是为减少儿童肥胖，即C项“保护儿童健康”符合题意，故选C。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartax”以及第五段第二句中的“Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax”可知，ClassicCocaCola需要缴纳糖税，故选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的“Todaysfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishaving”可知，糖税政策有积极的影响，故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36.·Moreisntalwaysmerrier·Practiseempathy(共情)38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.39·Dontrelyontechnologyalone40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.RememberimportantdatesCompensatebywritinglettersItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperTrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaYoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】36.D37.E38.G39.A40.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个保持长久友谊的方式。根据该空所在小标题“Setaregulardate”即设定一个定期的时间，以及该空前面讲到在忙碌的生活中，挤出时间来打电话是很难的，所以该空应该是要解决这个问题，即D项“尝试找到一个适合你们俩的时间并坚持下去”符合语境，故选D。根据该空小标题“Practiseempathy”可知这段的建议是让我们训练共情能力，且该段讲到朋友离开或是留下两种情况，G项中的“wholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind”与之对应，而C项“成为一个友谊守护者也是有帮助的”不符合该段主旨内容，故选G。根据该空所在位置为小标题可知这里需要祈使句，那么锁定选项A以及B，再根据该段内容主要讲述长久的友谊中一些仪式感比如周年、生日等很重要，A项中的“importantdates”对应那些节日，B项与该段主旨不符，故选A。根据该空所在小标题“Dontrelyontechnologyalone”可知此段建议是不要只依赖于科技，且其后讲到但是长久的友谊甚至是亲密的关系也需要有意识的努力去维持。F项“虽然通过社交媒体能够轻易让我们有一些联系感”跟后面“but”连接的逻辑通顺，且句中的“socialmedia”跟小标题中的“technology”相对应，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,theressomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelsesglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldnt.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldnt52toher.Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply58mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directingA.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quickA.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalancedA.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpretedA.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desiredA.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.testedA.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctorA.feetB.noseC.handsD.earsA.seeB.helpC.reachD.foolA.eventB.thingC.actionD.accidentA.YetB.NowC.SoonD.OnceA.speakB.listenC.turnD.waveA.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptionsA.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactlyA.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivityA.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purposeA.holdb