2021年上海市高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx

2021年上海市髙考英语总复习:阅读理解1. I believe in holding onto traditions because they helped our family flourish （兴旺）in a new country. But this concept is more concretely expressed this way： I believe in feeding monkeys on my birthday - something Fve done without fail fbr 35 years.In the Burmese jungle, monkeys are as common as pigeons. But in America, feeding monkeys means violating （违反）the rules.As a kid, I thought that was cool. I learned English through watching bad television shows and expected that I was the chosen warrior （勇士）sent to defend my family. Dad and I would go to the zoo early in the morning, just the two of us. When the coast was clear, I would throw my peanuts to the monkeys.I never had to explain myself until my 18th birthday. It was the first year I didn't go with my father. I went with my friends and arrived 10 minutes after the zoo gates closed. "Please, "I begged the zookeeper, "I feed monkeys for my family, not for me. Can't you make an exception? M "Go find a pet store, " she said.If only it were so easy. That time, I got lucky. I found out that a high school classmate trained the monkeys fbr the movie Out of Africa, so he allowed me to feed his monkeys. Once a man with a pet monkey suspected that my story was aploy - that I was an animal rights activist （积极分子） out to liberate （释放）his monkey. Another time, a zoo told me that outsiders could not feed the monkeys without violating the zookeepers' collective bargaining agreement. Once in a pet store, I managed to feed a marmoset （或） being kept in a birdcage. Another time, I was asked to wear a special suit to feed a laboratory monkey.It's rarely easy and, yet, somehow I've found a way to feed a monkey every year since I was bom.(1) Why has the author fed monkeys all these years? A. To please his father.B. To develop a new hobby.C. To celebrate his birthday.D. To keep up his family tradition.(2) How did the author and his father feed the zoo monkeys? A. They got the zookeeper's permission.B. They did it with the help of friends.C. They pretended to be warriors.D. They did it in a secret way.(3) What does the underlined word "ploy'* in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Joke.B. Excuse.C. Trick.D. Adventure.(4) How is the fifth paragraph mainly developed? A. By following time order.B. By providing examples.C. By giving explanations.D. By making comparisons.2. Our non - profit organization had just received a large donation of clothing. As three of us walked home for dinner, we saw a woman begging by the bridge. She was old and had no legs. She shivered in her thin sari (纱巾)， which offered little protection from the cold wind. Her hunger forced her to beg. My friends and I looked at each other： here was a perfect opportunity, but first it was necessary to do a little bit of research.We went up to the woman to hear her story. She spoke very little due to her poor health and fear, but we learned enough. She lived alone in her small home. She had no one to look after her and ate whatever people gave her. The desire to help her grew stronger. After speaking to her, we headed back to get something to keep her warm. Finding the perfect sweater, we set out again to see the woman. This time, the fear was replaced by distrust as we presented her with the sweater.*'Are you robbers? " she asked. "Ybu came here before and are back so suddenly with clothes. " I was surprised by her principles. Even in her state, she did not want to wear anything that was stolen and gained through ill means.“No, we are out doing service work. " Her shoulders relaxed a bit. I then helped her put the sweater on and said, "Please don't sell the sweater. " "I swear, I won't, " she said.A week later, I was out walking with my mother to get some food when I saw the woman again. This time the picture was a little different. She was still begging, but with the gray sweater wrapped around her body and a smile on her face when she saw us. I guarantee that the smile on my face was bigger.(1) What can we learn from the first paragraph ? A. The writer offered help without hesitation.B. The writer wanted to learn more about the beggar.C. The organization had too many clothes.D. The woman wanted to make a fortune by begging.(2) What do the underlined words "her principles" in the third paragraph refer to? A. She never trusted strangers.B. She never accepted donations from the poor.C. She wouldn't accept anything gained illegally.D. She wouldn't take advantage of others' kindness.(3) What contributed to their smiles at last? A. Caution and fear.B. Kindness and trust.C. Doubt and distrust.D. Optimism and generosity.(4) What is the best title for the passage? A. We Should Trust BeggarsB. How to Judge a Real BeggarC. Learn Morality from a BeggarD. The Most Wonderful Gift I Gave to a Beggar3. Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that being lonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent. But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26, just as the COVID - 19 pandemic gripped the world, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv. It is the first study in humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain that governs very basic impulses for reward and motivation. So, our need to connect is apparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） to compare brain responses to loneliness and hunger. 40 adult participants underwent a 10 - hour session depriving （剥夺） them of food and another 10 - hour session denying them social contact. Both sessions served as a control （对照）condition for each other.The social - isolation condition was challenging to arrange. Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce （弓I 起）not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9A. M. to 7 P. M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called "the substantia nigra", a center of dopamine （多巴胺） release involved with motivation and desire. The dopaminergic response shows a strong wanting. In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects' self - reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally, the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings. A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting （斋戒）proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social - isolation condition even thoughit had never "seen" them. So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID - 19 pandemic, an obvious next question for the work was whether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection. Those researchers were never able to get funding for such a study. But now it seems they will.(1) The report posted on March 26.A. is based on the social - isolation condition during the pandemicB. is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC. reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD. shows human need for reward and motivation(2) What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B. How loneliness was created among participants.C. Why participants were denied access to phones.D. How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that participants' substantia nigra showed response(s) to the image of flowers.A. littleB. variousC. strongD. consistent(4) What does the underlined "it" in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The neural signature.B. Fasting.C. Machine learning.D. The classifier.4. Dolphin (海豚) or not a dolphin? That is the question! You see» there are several types of dolphins. Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins."What are the 32 types of dolphins? " When people are asking the question, they are actually referring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas. The river dolphins living in fresh water are not included in these species (物种). But what would be the answer in this case if we ask, "Dolphin or not a dolphin? " The answer would obviously be yes. River dolphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins, some do not actually wear the word "dolphin" in their names, such as the tucuxi, while others actually have the word "whale" as part of their names even if they are not whales but in fact, belong to the dolphin family, for example, the melon -headed whale and the killer whale. So what would be the answer to the question “dolphin or not a dolphin? " in these cases? It would be yes. All these species do belong to the dolphin family.Another question that people ask is, "Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums (水 族馆) all dolphins? " So, it always seems to come back to the question, "Dolphin or not a dolphin*? " Well the answer is no in this case. The sea animals that perform there are not all dolphins. The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family because they show what seems like a smile, like most dolphins, are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about dolphins, you probably realize that certain sea animals may appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of the whale family but in either case, it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a sea animal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin. That is the question!(1) Which of the following actually belongs to the whale family? A. The tucuxi.B. The beluga.C. The killer whale.D. The melon - headed whale.(2) What do we know about the majority of the dolphins? A. They perform for audience.B. They appear friendly.C. They look like whales.D. They live in fresh water.(3) What paragraph could be added about dolphins before the last paragraph if you were the author? A. The living area.B. Dolphin training.C. The eating habits.D. Further identification.(4) This article can be classified as,A. popular scienceB. literary fictionC. a news reportD. a travel diary5. Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On - Hop Off and City Sightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages. Choose between three different routes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city： The Classic Copenhagen tour, the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour. It is up to you if you want to stay on board for a full ride or if you want to get off and explore sights on the way. You can hop off and on as much as you like. If you prefer a non - stop tour, then Copenhagen Panorama is perfect for you. This tour will take you to all the main attractions. It is live guided in English and includes photo stops at The Little Mermaid, Amalienborg Palace and the Opera.Danes love being close to the water and this is no exception in Copenhagen. The water side of the city is very lively, and citizens love to spend their spare time along the canals. Explore the harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour. Choose between the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour or the Hop On - Hop Off boat tour with audio guide and experience Copenhagen and its beauty from the water side.If you can*t decide between bus and boat - no worries. You can get both. A ticket that combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at your own pace. With our combination tickets you even save money compared to buying separate tickets. A ticket to our combination tours allows you to experience all that Copenhagen has to offer from the water as well as from the land. Of course, you can freely switch between our buses and boats at various spots across the city if you go for the hop - on hop - off option.Experience all the main attractions in the city： The Little Mermaid, the royal castle Amalienborg Palace, picturesque historical buildings like the colorful Nyhavn and feel the free spirit of Freetown Christania and the hygge at Frederiksbergs green areas. Our buses and boats take you easily to all the top attractions in Copenhagen!(1) The text is most probably taken from,A.a research paperB , a text bookC. a travel brochureD. a user guide(2) What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.B. The Colorful Copenhagen tour is a non - stop tour.C. Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.D. All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen Panorama tour.(3) If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace, which might be the best choice? A. Choose the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour.B. Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.C. First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket fbr all the attractions.D. Explore the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.6. Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planet*s ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet - carbon.Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐)in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物)for millions of years.As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, humanengineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how waterand sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fa