名词性从句详解及练习(共9页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上各类从句详解英语从句可以分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类：下面我们逐一进行说明：一、名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同，分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从句。所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开，并且它们都用相同的关联词，关联词如下： 主从连词：that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)（在句子中不充当任何成分） 连接代词：who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个) 连接副词：when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)主从连词只起连接作用，连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外，还充当从句某一个成分。另外，可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句，来加强语气。下面分别对各种名词性从句进行介绍（一）主语从句（subject clause）在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如： That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。 That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动，这是我们大家都熟知的。 When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide. 会议什么时候召开还没有决定。主语从句放在句首，句子常常显得比较笨重，因此通常可以把it放在句首，作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为：It is certain that he will come to the discussion.It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.下面再举一些例句：What they are after is profit.他们追求的是利润。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。Who did the work is unknown.谁干了这工作无人知道。Whether she will join us wont make too much difference.It wont make too much difference whether she will join us. 她是否参与我们的活动无关紧要。Which way is more effective is still a question.It is still a question which way is more effective. 哪种办法效率更高还是个问题。（二）表语从句（predicative clause）在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。The problem is where we can hold our meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.我的问题是信息是怎样储存在长期记忆中的。That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。It seems that everything goes smoothly.似乎一切都进行得很顺利。（三）宾语从句（object clause）在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时，从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。（1）动词后的宾语从句We know that a parrot cant really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.知道要下雨了，于是他们决定在室内工作。(现在分词knowing的宾语从句)I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.我想知道你是否还在工厂工作。（不定式to know的宾语从句）The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。Up to now we cant say whether his theory can stand the test.到目前为止我们还不能说他的理论是否经得住考验。A little observation will show how the temperature changes.稍加观察就可以看出温度是怎样变化的。Do you know who lives in this room?你知道谁住在这房间里吗？（2） 介词后的宾语从句He laughed at what they said. 她对他们说的话一笑置之。There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.什么是货币以及怎样计量货币在经济学家之间存在分歧。（3）形容词的宾语从句有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句，表示说话人对某一事物的态度并带有感情色彩。常见的这类形容词有：afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprised等。 “害怕，惊讶，震惊，意识，确定，自信，高兴，高兴，高兴，高兴，自豪，伤心，对不起，当然，惊讶”例如：I am glad that you have come. 你来了，我真高兴。I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通过这个考试。（四）同位词从句（apposition clause）同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构。主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词，如：belief, doubt, evidence证据, idea, fact, hope, news, possibility, question, thought等，可以用that、连接代词和连接副词引出同位语从句。There is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery.毫无疑问，有许多人得益于心脏外科手术。I have an idea that parents should monitor监控the kind of television their children watch.我有一个想法，父母应该检查孩子看电视的内容。There is the news that some British customers will visit our company. 有消息说几个英国客户要来我公司参观。Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals?是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢？We all know the fact that organization helps memorization.我们都知道这样一个事实：把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。注意：虽然that在同位语从句中没有什么意义，但不能省略。区别：尽管由that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句很相似，但两者有明显的区别。 (a) that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，不能在从句中充当成分；而用that引导的定语从句中，that是关系代词，在从句中充当一定成分，并有词意。 (b) 同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上有“主系表”的关系，例如上面的第一句可以理解为：“许多人得益于心脏外科手术是毫无疑问的”上述其它各句也是如此，而定语从句则没有这种关系。（五）只可用whether但不可用if的情况if, whether引导的名词性从句表示“是否”，其异同点如下：相同点： (a) 用作宾语从句时，它们可互相替换。例如：I wonder if/whether you can help me.我想知道你是否能帮助我。 (b) 都可与or连用。例如：Please tell me if/whether they are Swedish or Danish. 诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。不同点：（只可用whether但不可用if的情况） (a) if不能用于在句首的主语从句。例如：Whether John will go remains a question. 约翰是否去还是一个问题。Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 她是否喜欢礼物我还不清楚。但可以说Its not clear to me if/whether she likes the present. （因为没有在句首，所以可以用if） (b) if不能用于表语从句The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 (c) if不能引导介词的宾语从句I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 (d) if不能引导同位语从句They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。 (e) if后不能接or notI don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。是用if还是用whether是一个考点，但能用if的场合一定能用whether，反之则不然。练习11. _ makes 高考资源网his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m   But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.     A. which  B. that  C. what  D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost6. Doris' success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether练习21. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. if B. when C. that D. which3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever8. I just wonder that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA. As B. That C. This D. It10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where  D. because11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. whereB. howC. whatD. which12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which13. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with. (2006年山东模拟题)A. whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. no matter who14. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when15. Can we get everything ready by the weekend?It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if基础题1. A 此题考察what引导名词性从句的用法。在此题中what引导主语从句，同时在从句中充当主语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2. B 通过对句子的分析可知，believe it or not是插入语，在此句中that引导的是the story的同位语从句。3. D 通过对句子的分析可知，此题需要选一词来引导表语从句，而从句中的明显缺少宾语，故只能what用来充当。4. C 介词on后面宾语从句不完整，同时从句缺少主语，故只能由what来充当。5. C wonder后面的从句是疑问句应用陈述语序。即：特殊疑问词+主语+谓语动词。6. B 此句主句完整，从句也完整，故用that引导构成与the fact的同位语从句。7. A why在它引导的从句中充当原因状语，从句在主句里充当介词on的宾语。8. B what在它引导的从句中充当主语，同时整个从句可看成是idea的同位语从句，来说明idea的具体内容。9. B 本题考查定语从句以及固定短语turn to 的用法，关系代词因为在后面定语从句中做宾语因此省略掉，turn to sb 求助于某人。10. B 本题根据意思以及后面与or 的搭配关系可判断该处是“是否”，whether 引导宾语从句。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m11. B 本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句，根据下文可知Danny留下的口信的内容，that 引导名词性从句。12. C 本题考查双重疑问句，疑问词do you think/believe/expect句子的其他成分（句子用称述句语序）。13. C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中be used to 后面少宾语，且根据上文是我们过去习惯的方法，这用what 符合语意。14. A 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句，后面表语从句不完整，it was 后面还缺少表语，根据意思是“20年前的 样子”，后面一个句子是对20年前的补充说明，是一个非限制性定语从句，20年前学校设备条件不好，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。15. B 本题考查名词性从句的同位语，doubt 后的同位语根据意思没有怀疑故选择that 引导，that在从句中不充当成分。强化题1. C whether引导的从句构成与名词the question的同位语。(原答案似乎有误)2.C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成与a warm thought的同位语。3.A that引导同位语从句，具体说明chance（可能性）的内容。4.B 句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。5.B 因先行词是natives，故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短语，所以选B。介词to可放在关系代词whom的前面。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m6.B pleased后面缺少宾语从句，he was a man of action句意完整，故用that引导。7.D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句，排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围，一个有范围。8.D wonder后面的宾语从句本是what makes him so excited：。但what需要被强调，故用强调句型。9.D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真正的主句从句.10.B 本题考查同位语从句, reason 后面有for 引导的短语, 接着后面是that 引导的句子来说明理由的内容.11.C 本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句,介词for 后接宾语从句但宾语从句中缺少主语, he thought 是插入语. 连词what 引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,which 的意思不符合.12.C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中it had been 后面少表语，所以what 符合语意。13.B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D 不能引导名词性从句, who 表达的意思不对. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m14.C 本题考查名词性从句介词宾语, 宾语从句中you think 是插入语, 故句中缺少主语,which 意思不对,故选what15.C 本题考查介词宾语从句, 根据上下文意思 该处应该是”我们是否能得到Green先生的.专心-专注-专业