现在完成时(最全解析).ppt

春天还会远吗春天还会远吗?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,现在现在完成完成时态时态Winter has already come.上一页上一页现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式havedonehas助动词助动词过去过去分词分词上一页上一页陈述句肯定形式。主语主语+have/has+过去分词过去分词+其它其它e.g.Ihavehadlunch.已经吃过午饭了。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。陈述句否定形式。主语主语+have/has+not+过去过去分词分词+（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt）e.g.Ihaventhadlunch.我还没吃午饭HehasntgonetoBeijing.他还没有去北京。现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时的基本句型上一页上一页一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语主语过去分词过去分词（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,主语主语have/has.否定回答：否定回答：No,主语主语havent/hasnt.HashegonetoBeijing?他去过北京了吗？Yes,hehas./No,hehasnt.特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词特词+have/has+主语过去分词主语过去分词？e.g.Wherehashegone?他去了哪里？上一页上一页用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系果却和现在有联系:动作或状态动作或状态发生在过去发生在过去,但它的但它的影影响现在还存在响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.-他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）Ihavehadmylunch.-我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢上一页上一页nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作持续到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在过去却对或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响现在造成的影响上一页上一页现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，过去的事情，强调动作强调动作；现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，在的影响，强调的是影响强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）容已经知道了。）上一页上一页2）一般过去时一般过去时常与常与具体的具体的表示过去的时间状语连表示过去的时间状语连用用;现在完成时现在完成时通常与模糊的通常与模糊的时间状语连用，时间状语连用，或无或无时间状语时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语上一页上一页现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,so far,never,ever,just,yet,before,so far,in the past few yearsin the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和表示一段时间的状语一段时间的状语连用，since,for a long timesince,for a long time等.上一页上一页下一页下一页现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常与already,already,yet,yet,ever,ever,just,just,never,never,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,in the past few the past few weeksweeks these days,these days,since since for+a long time for+a long time 连用连用上一页上一页下一页下一页一、一、sincesinceMr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）IhaveknownDanielsince7yearsago.自从自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔年前我就认识丹尼尔。Hes learned about 500 words Hes learned about 500 words since he since he went to college.went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）上一页上一页下一页下一页一个一个时间点时间点一段时间一段时间ago从句从句二二、forfor时间段（一段时间）时间段（一段时间）（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短语短语表示动作延续多长时间表示动作延续多长时间 。He has taught in this schoolHe has taught in this school for four years.for four years.（他在这个学校已经教了4年书了。）I havent seen her I havent seen her for a long timefor a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页上一页下一页下一页（注注）:对对for或或since引引导导的的时时间间状状语语提提问问必必须须用用howlong,决不能用决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?上一页上一页现在完成时时间状语的比较与运用现在完成时时间状语的比较与运用:1）already（已经）（已经）和和yet（已经，还）（已经，还）already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。词前。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.上一页上一页2）ever（曾经，这以前）（曾经，这以前）never（从不）（从不）ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。never用于句中，用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，义动词前，表示否定意义。表示否定意义。HehaseverbeentoParis.HehasneverbeentoParis.上一页上一页3）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时用于完成时态时，与，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）区别和动词过去分词之间）区别justnow(刚刚才，才，用于一般过去时用于一般过去时）Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。上一页上一页3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是一般是延续性延续性的，如的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的常用的非非持续性动词有持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。上一页上一页ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结瞬间动词表示行为的结果果,不能与表示一段时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。间的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词比较延续动词与瞬间动词Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项他已完成了那项工作。工作。(表结果表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认我从那时起就认识他了。识他了。(表经历表经历)延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：如：learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay等。等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。非非延续性动词延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示示不能延续的动作不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束这种动作发生后立即结束,不不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如如:die,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/getmarried等。等。leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenedbebackbemarriedbe上一页上一页也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型句型“It is since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用或用“一般过去时+ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状作或状 态。态。上一页上一页下一页下一页电影开始五分钟了。The film The film has been onhas been on for five minutes.for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film beganThe film began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago.他入党五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years.the Party for five years.It isIt is five years five years sincesince he joined the Party.he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago.five years ago.下一页下一页上一页上一页非延续性非延续性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,begin,begin,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,finish,finish,join,join,leave leave,等。等。上一页上一页下一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替来代替非非延续性（延续性（终止性终止性）动）动词。词。但在但在否定句否定句中，短暂性动词可以中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页上一页下一页下一页 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页下一页上一页上一页 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页下一页上一页上一页HehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。比较比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave been 与have gone 的用法比较havebeento意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表，表示示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页上一页下一页下一页HewenttoShanghailastweek.他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过上海去过上海在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了不是在上海而是回来了他已经他已经去上海了去上海了也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了也许已经到了,也许也许还在路上还在路上,反正他人不在这里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是去了上海去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他他呆在上海迄今为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了现在还在上海没有离开呢现在还在上海没有离开呢HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他以前他在上海住过在上海住过10年年现在不在上海了现在不在上海了1.Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化上一页上一页6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.上一页上一页1.Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.1.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化(keys)上一页上一页6.Helefthere2yearsago.-Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.-Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.-Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.上一页上一页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页下一页上一页上一页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页下一页上一页上一页选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页下一页上一页上一页用用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页下一页上一页上一页改改错错1.Howlonghaveyoubegun to studyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.Theriverhas becomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页下一页上一页上一页1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning上一页上一页6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts上一页上一页Choose the best answer1Whatanicewatch！Howlongyouit？JustthreeweeksAwill，buyBdid，buyChave，had2youinGreenerChinaforalongtime？Yes，IjoineditfiveyearsagoAHave，beenBHas，joinedCHave，joined3TeacherLiJapan，heJapanfortwoyearsAhasbeento，hasbeentoBhasgoneto，hasbeeninChasgoneto，hasbeento（C）（A）（B）上一页上一页4ThestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussingerforhalfanhourAhasleftBhasbeenawayChasgoneaway5Ithisbookfortwodays，IhavetoreturnitnowAborrowedBhaveborrowedChavekept（B）（C）上一页上一页6-Whenyouyouroldfriend?-Thedaybeforeyesterday.Awill,visitBdid,visitChave,visited7MrsWhiteinthisschoolsinceshecamehere.AteachesBtaughtChastaught8NochildrenfootballinthestreetsinceacarhitaboylastSunday.AhaveplayedBplayedCplaying（B）（C）（A）9-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall,Ihereonlyforafewminutes.AwasBhavebeenCwillbe10Hisfathersince1936.AdiedBhasdiedChasbeendead（B）（C）上一页上一页