高考英语单项填空系列训练之陷阱题优秀课件.ppt
高考英语单项填空系列训练之陷阱题第1页,本讲稿共25页 同学们在平时做题的过程中常常有这样的现同学们在平时做题的过程中常常有这样的现象:有些题目看起来似曾相识,他们从原有的知象:有些题目看起来似曾相识,他们从原有的知识经验出发,机械地套用老方法,按某种固定的识经验出发,机械地套用老方法,按某种固定的思路去思考问题,轻而易举地得出思路去思考问题,轻而易举地得出 “正确答案正确答案”,结果往往发现自己错了。误入了命题者所设置,结果往往发现自己错了。误入了命题者所设置的的“陷阱陷阱”中。中。所谓的所谓的“陷阱陷阱”,实质上就是对,实质上就是对 正确选项真正起到了干扰作用的那些正确选项真正起到了干扰作用的那些 干扰项。下面是精选和编拟的干扰项。下面是精选和编拟的2525道道 “陷阱陷阱”题,大家先做做看,看能否题,大家先做做看,看能否 排除干扰、避开排除干扰、避开“陷阱陷阱”。第2页,本讲稿共25页1.Mary couldnt make herself _ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A.paid B.to pay C.pay D.paying2.Was it through Mary,_ was working at a high school,_ you get to know Tom?A.who,who B.that,which C.who,that D.who,which3.Every minute is made full use of _ our lessons.A.studying B.to study C.study D.being studied4.I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with _.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing5.Would you like _,sir?No,thanks.I have had much.Asome more oranges Bany more oranges Csome more orange Dany more orange 第3页,本讲稿共25页6.He suggested the person referred _ put into prison.A.to B.to being C.to be D.should be7.Well.I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast._.ASo it is BSo is it CSo does it DSo it does 8.“Is there _ here?”“No,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody9.“I think the teacher is wrong,_?”“No,I dont think so.”A.dont you B.dont I C.doesnt he D.doesnt she 10.Dont you know _,my dear friend,it is you that she loves?A.who B.which C.that D.what第4页,本讲稿共25页11.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.that D.until 12.If the weather is fine,well go.If _,_.A.not,not B.no,no C.not,no D.no,not13.-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?-_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting14.Shes too thin.She _ gain some weight but she _ too little.A.would,ate B.will,eats C.would,eats D.will,ate15.What should I do with this passage?_ the main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out 第5页,本讲稿共25页16.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned17.The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid 18.Im examining the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A.correcting B.to correct C.corrected D.correct19.He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A.has learned B.would have learned C.learned D.had learned 20.The judge paid no attention to _ he had just lost his wife.A.that B.which C.what D.the fact that 第6页,本讲稿共25页21._ a broken chair,the room is empty A.Except B.Except for C.Except that D.Besides22.Dear me!Just _ at the time!I _ no idea it was so late.A.look/have B.looking/had C.look/had D.looking/have23.The wonderful time they had been looking forward _ at last.A.to arrive B.to arrived C.to arriving D.should arrive24.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing.25.He wrote a lot of novels,none of _ translated into a foreign language.A.them B.which C.it D.what 第7页,本讲稿共25页 1-10:ACBAC CABAC11-20:BACCC ABBDD21-25:BCBCAKeys:Keys:第8页,本讲稿共25页答案与讲解答案与讲解第9页,本讲稿共25页1.Mary couldnt make herself _ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A.paid B.to pay C.pay D.paying2.Was it through Mary,_ was working at a high school,_ you get to know Tom?A.who,who B.that,which C.who,that D.who,which答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选C,其实此题应选其实此题应选A。pay attention to 是动词短语,起及物动词的作用,在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语是动词短语,起及物动词的作用,在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语herself构成被动关系。构成被动关系。答案解析:答案解析:此题应选此题应选C,但是许多学生刚好首先排除了但是许多学生刚好首先排除了C项,他们认项,他们认为为:(1)非限制性定语从句不用关系代词非限制性定语从句不用关系代词that引导引导;(2)强调句型强调句型It be+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)中,中,who(that)前不能有逗号。前不能有逗号。上述两上述两点是对的,在此句中点是对的,在此句中Was itthat也的确是强调句型,但句中的两也的确是强调句型,但句中的两个逗号不在强调句型中,它的作用是把非限制性定语从句个逗号不在强调句型中,它的作用是把非限制性定语从句who was working at a high school与句子其它部分分隔开来。整句话的汉语与句子其它部分分隔开来。整句话的汉语意思是:玛丽在一所中学工作,你是不是通过她认识汤姆的?意思是:玛丽在一所中学工作,你是不是通过她认识汤姆的?第10页,本讲稿共25页3.Every minute is made full use of _ our lessons.A.studying B.to study C.study D.being studied4.I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree with _.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选A,认为动名词作介词的宾语。其实此题应选认为动名词作介词的宾语。其实此题应选B,此句是被动句,转换成主动句就成为此句是被动句,转换成主动句就成为 we make full use of every minute to study our lessons.。是不定式作目的状语。是不定式作目的状语。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选B,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则:,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则:something用于肯定句,用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选A,注意前文,注意前文的的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容我同意你说的大部分内容),其,其后的后的not与与everything构成部分否定,意为构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意不是所有的都同意”,前后,前后两部分用转折连词两部分用转折连词but连接,语气通顺、连贯。连接,语气通顺、连贯。第11页,本讲稿共25页5.Would you like _,sir?No,thanks.I have had much.Asome more oranges Bany more oranges Csome more orange Dany more orange 6.He suggested the person referred _ put into prison.A.to B.to being C.to be D.should be答案解析:答案解析:选选C。当用委婉的。当用委婉的语语气希望得到气希望得到对对方肯定回答的方肯定回答的时时候,疑候,疑问问句中的句中的some不能不能变变成成any。从答。从答语语中的中的much可判断出前面的名可判断出前面的名词应该词应该是不可数的。此句是不可数的。此句话话的的汉语汉语意思是:意思是:-先生,先生,还还要点橙汁要点橙汁吗吗?-不了,不了,谢谢谢谢,我已喝了很多了。,我已喝了很多了。答案解析:答案解析:此此题应选题应选C.referred to 过过去分去分词词作定作定语语,be put into prison是是宾语宾语从句的从句的谓语谓语部分。学生由于粗心,容部分。学生由于粗心,容易易误选误选B或者或者D。第12页,本讲稿共25页7.Well.I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast._.ASo it is BSo is it CSo does it DSo it does 8.“Is there _ here?”“No,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选B,B,平时同学们经常练习和平时同学们经常练习和soso有关的倒装句:有关的倒装句:soso放在句首,表示前面的肯定内容也适用于另一个人或物。其结构为:放在句首,表示前面的肯定内容也适用于另一个人或物。其结构为:so+so+助动词助动词+主语主语 。因此在未完全理解题意时,就主观地选择了。因此在未完全理解题意时,就主观地选择了B B。其。其实最佳答案为实最佳答案为A A。本题考查。本题考查so+so+主语助动词主语助动词结构,用来表示赞成前结构,用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容,可译为一说话者所说的内容,可译为是的是的、对对或或确实如此确实如此。此句。此句话的汉语意思是:话的汉语意思是:哎,哎,我真地认为这兔子是一只漂亮温顺的动物,我真地认为这兔子是一只漂亮温顺的动物,跑得很快。跑得很快。确实如此。确实如此。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选A A,认为这是一般疑问句,要用,认为这是一般疑问句,要用anybodyanybody。其。其实此题应选实此题应选B B,主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为:,主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为:“大家都到齐大家都到齐了吗?了吗?”“没有,没有,BobBob和和TimTim两人请假了。两人请假了。”第13页,本讲稿共25页9.“I think the teacher is wrong,_?”“No,I dont think so.”A.dont you B.dont I C.doesnt he D.doesnt she 10.Dont you know _,my dear friend,it is you that she loves?A.who B.which C.that D.what答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选C或或D,因为按语法规则,因为按语法规则,I think后接宾语从后接宾语从句时,其反意疑问句与从句保持一致,但是退一步,即使按此规则,句时,其反意疑问句与从句保持一致,但是退一步,即使按此规则,其反意疑问句也应是其反意疑问句也应是isnt he或或isnt she之类的,而不是像之类的,而不是像C或或D那样那样用用doesnt he和和doesnt she。综合四个选项,最佳答案为。综合四个选项,最佳答案为A,dont you为为dont you think so之省略。之省略。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选A或或B,选,选A者认为这是指人的,故用者认为这是指人的,故用who;选;选B者者认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行注意没有先行词词),其实此题应选,其实此题应选C,that引导的是一个宾语从句(用做动词引导的是一个宾语从句(用做动词know的宾语)的宾语),它只是被句中的插入语,它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成:隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成:My dear friend,dont you know that it is you that she loves?第14页,本讲稿共25页11.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.that D.until 12.If the weather is fine,well go.If _,_.A.not,not B.no,no C.not,no D.no,not答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选C,C,把把the gardenthe garden看成是先行词,以为是看成是先行词,以为是wherewhere引导的表地点的定语从句。其实此题应选引导的表地点的定语从句。其实此题应选B B。这是。这是whenwhen引导引导时间状语从句。此句话的汉语意思是:他把小树在最合适的时候时间状语从句。此句话的汉语意思是:他把小树在最合适的时候移植到花园。移植到花园。答案解析:答案解析:此题应选此题应选A A。If not,not.If not,not.为为If the weather is NOT If the weather is NOT fine,we will NOT go.fine,we will NOT go.之省略,全句意为之省略,全句意为“如果天气好如果天气好,我们就我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去去;如果天气不好,我们就不去”。该句的特点是:后句与前句的。该句的特点是:后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同用词和句式完全相同,只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见只是前句为肯定,后句为否定,为了简洁起见,于是将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词于是将后句与前句相同部分省略,只保留否定词notnot。第15页,本讲稿共25页 14.Shes too thin.She _ gain some weight but she _ too little.A.would,ate B.will,eats C.would,eats D.will,ate13.-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?-_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting答案解析:答案解析:此处回答此处回答why,why,因而答案选因而答案选C.C.作目的状语。作目的状语。答案解析:答案解析:此题有些难度,许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题此题有些难度,许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致概括出来:她太瘦了。她会增加体重的,目所提供的选项将句意大致概括出来:她太瘦了。她会增加体重的,但她吃得太少了。根据句首但她吃得太少了。根据句首Shes too thinShes too thin这一所给信息可知,这一所给信息可知,“她瘦她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识,应是客观事实。按照一般的常识,“吃得少吃得少”就会导致就会导致“瘦瘦”,“吃得多吃得多”就会导致就会导致“胖胖”,根据句首的信息,根据句首的信息,“她瘦她瘦”是客观是客观事实,所以她事实,所以她“吃得少吃得少”也应是事实,因此第二空应填也应是事实,因此第二空应填eats(eats(即用一般即用一般现在时表示现在的事实现在时表示现在的事实)。根据上面的分析:。根据上面的分析:“她瘦她瘦”和和“她吃得少她吃得少”均为现在的事实,那么均为现在的事实,那么“她体重会增加她体重会增加”就应是假设就应是假设(注意句中的转折注意句中的转折连词连词but)but),所以第一空应填,所以第一空应填wouldwould,其实,此句可理解为其后省略了一个条,其实,此句可理解为其后省略了一个条件状语件状语if she ate more(if she ate more(如果她多吃一点的话如果她多吃一点的话)。此题最佳答案选。此题最佳答案选C C。第16页,本讲稿共25页15.What should I do with this passage?_ the main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out 16.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned答案解析:答案解析:此题极易误选此题极易误选A A。认为是动名词短语作。认为是动名词短语作dodo的宾语。其实我们把的宾语。其实我们把该答案代入原文,便发现不行。因为该答案代入原文,便发现不行。因为do finding outdo finding out是绝对不能搭配是绝对不能搭配的。其实此题应选的。其实此题应选C C。考查祈使句。此句话的汉语意思是:。考查祈使句。此句话的汉语意思是:我应我应该怎么处理这段文章?该怎么处理这段文章?归纳出每段的中心思想。归纳出每段的中心思想。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选B B,简单地套用,简单地套用cant help doing sthcant help doing sth这一这一结构。其实此题应选结构。其实此题应选A A,注意以下两个结构均可用,但是含义不同:,注意以下两个结构均可用,但是含义不同:cant help doing sth=cant help doing sth=禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事;禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事;cant cant help to do sth=help to do sth=不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法,一般辞书均将不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法,一般辞书均将其作为固定搭配列出来,许多老师对此也比较强调,从而就使同学们其作为固定搭配列出来,许多老师对此也比较强调,从而就使同学们形成了思维定势;而后者为形成了思维定势;而后者为helphelp表示表示“帮助帮助”时的本义用法,因同学时的本义用法,因同学们平时对此不大注意,一看到上面的试题马上就联想到们平时对此不大注意,一看到上面的试题马上就联想到cant help cant help doing sthdoing sth这一结构,从而误选了这一结构,从而误选了B B。第17页,本讲稿共25页17.The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid 18.Im examining the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A.correcting B.to correct C.corrected D.correct答案解析:答案解析:选选B B。此句话的汉语意思是:。此句话的汉语意思是:“联众秀联众秀”的奖金是的奖金是3 3万美元万美元和一次一切费用全免的中国之旅。和一次一切费用全免的中国之旅。paidpaid和和expensesexpenses之间存在着逻辑之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,过去分词作定语修饰上的动宾关系,过去分词作定语修饰expensesexpenses。整个。整个all expenses all expenses paidpaid又作定语修饰又作定语修饰vacationvacation。多数考生没把多数考生没把all expenses paidall expenses paid看看成一个整体,而认为成一个整体,而认为all expensesall expenses和和pay pay 存在着逻辑上的主谓关系;存在着逻辑上的主谓关系;pay pay 和和vacationvacation存在着逻辑上的动宾关系;而误选答案存在着逻辑上的动宾关系;而误选答案A A。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选A A,因为习惯思维,因为习惯思维finish finish 后接后接doing.doing.但从但从句句he has just finishedhe has just finished为定语从句。答案选为定语从句。答案选B B,动词不定式作目的状,动词不定式作目的状语。语。第18页,本讲稿共25页19.He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.A.has learned B.would have learned C.learned D.had learned 20.The judge paid no attention to _ he had just lost his wife.A.that B.which C.what D.the fact that答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选C,C,学生见到过去时间点,就会依据平学生见到过去时间点,就会依据平时的经验选择一般过去时。其实此题应选时的经验选择一般过去时。其实此题应选D D。掌握了。掌握了50005000多个单多个单词并非在词并非在1515岁上大学时发生,而是早在之前就完成了,过去的过岁上大学时发生,而是早在之前就完成了,过去的过去,去,所以要用过去完成时。此句话的汉语意思是:在他所以要用过去完成时。此句话的汉语意思是:在他1515岁上岁上大学时,就已经掌握了大学时,就已经掌握了50005000多个单词了。多个单词了。答案解析:答案解析:此题容易误选此题容易误选A A或或B B:选:选A A,认为,认为toto后应接一个后应接一个thatthat引导引导的宾语从句;选的宾语从句;选B B,认为其后是一个定语从句,介词后应用关系,认为其后是一个定语从句,介词后应用关系代词代词whichwhich。其实此题应选。其实此题应选D D。注意不能选。注意不能选A A的原因是,在通常情的原因是,在通常情况下,介词后不能直接跟况下,介词后不能直接跟thatthat从句从句(极个别介词如极个别介词如except,butexcept,but等等除外除外),遇此情况,应在,遇此情况,应在thatthat从句前加上从句前加上 the fact the fact(此时(此时the the factfact用做介词宾语,其后用做介词宾语,其后thatthat从句用做从句用做the factthe fact的同位语)。的同位语)。第19页,本讲稿共25页21._ a broken chair,the room is empty A.Except B.Except for C.Except that D.Besides22.Dear me!Just _ at the time!I _ no idea it was so late.A.look/have B.looking/had C.look/had D.looking/have答案解析:答案解析:此题极易误选此题极易误选D D。认为第一空用现在分词表伴随。认为第一空用现在分词表伴随,第二空填一第二空填一般现在时般现在时,保持与前面句子时态的一致保持与前面句子时态的一致.其实此题应选其实此题应选C C。第一空用。第一空用look,look,考查祈使句。第二空用考查祈使句。第二空用hadhad,因为前,因为前一句一句“看看时间吧看看时间吧”,这一看当然知道现在很迟的情形,这一看当然知道现在很迟的情形,“不知道这么不知道这么迟了迟了”显然是显然是“过去过去”的事。的事。答案解析:答案解析:exceptexcept所指项目,必须在主句内有所交代,所指项目,必须在主句内有所交代,except for except for 用来用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性说法,其后的宾语一般与句子所涉表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性说法,其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不同类。因为及的东西不同类。因为a broken chair a broken chair 与与 the room the room 不是同类,答案为不是同类,答案为B B。第20页,本讲稿共25页23.The wonderful time they had been looking forward _ at last.A.to arrive B.to arrived C.to arriving D.should arrive24.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her new bicycle.A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing.答案解析:答案解析:此题迷惑选项为此题迷惑选项为C C,因受,因受look forward to doinglook forward to doing的的影响,但此题主语为影响,但此题主语为the wonderful timethe wonderful time,后面,后面they have been they have been looking forward to looking forward to 为定语从句,分析句子结构,找出句子的主为定语从句,分析句子结构,找出句子的主干干The wonderful time arrived at last.The wonderful time arrived at last.不难发现正确答案应为不难发现正确答案应为B.B.答案解析:答案解析:此题迷惑项为此题迷惑项为D D,这是犯了,这是犯了ChinglishChinglish之错,问句中的之错,问句中的 whatwhat只能用动名词短语只能用动名词短语Losing her new bicycleLosing her new bicycle来代替。答案来代替。答案B B为过去为过去分词不作主语,答案分词不作主语,答案A A不构成主语从句。若将答语补充完整,全句为不构成主语从句。若将答语补充完整,全句为Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.因此缺少主语,正确因此缺少主语,正确答案为答案为C.C.第21页,本讲稿共25页25.He wrote a lot of novels,none of _ translated into a foreign language.A.them B.which C.it D.what 答案解析:答案解析:同学们容易误选同学们容易误选B B,理由是,理由是nonenone前没有并列连词前没有并列连词 and and 或或 but but,但,但B B项是一个陷阱。此题的最佳答案应是项是一个陷阱。此题的最佳答案应是A A,注,注意此句不是并列句也不是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。意此句不是并列句也不是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。逗号后面其实是一个独立结构。逗号后面其实是一个独立结构。translated translated 不是谓语,而不是谓语,而是一个非谓语动词(过去分词),所以假若在是一个非谓语动词(过去分词),所以假若在 translated translated 前加一个助动词前加一个助动词 was was,则此题应选,则此题应选(which)(which),构成一个非限,构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心,千万不要想当然,制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心,千万不要想当然,更不要受思维定势的影响。更不要受思维定势的影响。第22页,本讲稿共25页 近年来,高考试卷中也常有这种近年来,高考试卷中也常有这种“陷阱陷阱”题出现。题出现。当同学们遇到这种题时,既不可当同学们遇到这种题时,既不可“轻易下手轻易下手”,也不要不,也不要不知所措,而应做到先三思而后行。首先,同学们要认真审题,知所措,而应做到先三思而后行。首先,同学们要认真审题,发现发现“陷阱陷阱”。要灵活地运用语法规则,理顺思路,寻找。要灵活地运用语法规则,理顺思路,寻找“陷陷阱阱”。其次,要运用多向思维,分析。其次,要运用多向思维,分析“陷阱陷阱”。不要用习。不要用习惯的、单一的、片面的思维去解题。再次,要去伪存真,惯的、单一的、片面的思维去解题。再次,要去伪存真,识别识别“陷阱陷阱”。要抓住基本知识点及特殊现象,不厌其烦地。要抓住基本知识点及特殊现象,不厌其烦地归纳理解,认清选择项中的归纳理解,认清选择项中的“鱼目鱼目”及及“珍珠珍珠”,避免落入,避免落入“陷阱陷阱”。最后就是要加强验证,跳出。最后就是要加强验证,跳出“陷阱陷阱”。这就要求。这就要求学习者要有良好的检查验证习惯,掌握验证的方法,即使落学习者要有良好的检查验证习惯,掌握验证的方法,即使落入了入了“陷阱陷阱”,也能在验证过程中,发现,也能在验证过程中,发现“陷阱陷阱”,并迅速,并迅速地跳出来。地跳出来。第23页,本讲稿共25页 Nothing is difficult if you put Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.your heart into it.第24页,本讲稿共25页第25页,本讲稿共25页