乳糖和乳制品在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用优秀PPT.ppt

乳糖和乳制品在断奶仔猪乳糖和乳制品在断奶仔猪饲饲料中的料中的应应用用第1页，本讲稿共87页第2页，本讲稿共87页第3页，本讲稿共87页 Challenges Faced by Early-Weaned Pigs早期断奶早期断奶仔猪所面临的挑战仔猪所面临的挑战lFrom liquid to dry diet 从液体母乳到固体饲料的转变从液体母乳到固体饲料的转变lStrange environment 陌生的环境变化陌生的环境变化lImmature digestive system发育不全的消化系统发育不全的消化系统lPoor immune status不完善的免疫机制不完善的免疫机制第4页，本讲稿共87页Immunity in Young Pigs幼龄猪免疫力的变化幼龄猪免疫力的变化第5页，本讲稿共87页Digestive Enzyme Development in Young Pigs 幼龄猪消化酶的发育和变化幼龄猪消化酶的发育和变化第6页，本讲稿共87页What Kind of Diet is Needed by Newly Weaned Pigs?断奶仔猪需要什么类型的日粮断奶仔猪需要什么类型的日粮?第7页，本讲稿共87页lPalatable 适口性好适口性好lReadily digestible protein source 易消化的蛋白质来源易消化的蛋白质来源lExcellent profile of amino acids 理想的氨基酸组成理想的氨基酸组成lReadily digestible carbohydrate source(lactose)易消化的碳水化合物来源易消化的碳水化合物来源(乳糖乳糖)第8页，本讲稿共87页 Background 研究背景研究背景 lDried milk-based products have been used in pig starter diets for many years.干干乳制品在仔猪断奶料中已经使用许多年乳制品在仔猪断奶料中已经使用许多年.lThese products enhance feed intake,growth rate,and health of newly weaned pigs.这些产品能够提高断奶仔猪的饲料采食量这些产品能够提高断奶仔猪的饲料采食量,生长率和健康生长率和健康.lMilk contains many important components with superior nutritional value for pigs.奶制品含有许多对仔猪具有高营养价值的重要成分奶制品含有许多对仔猪具有高营养价值的重要成分.lThese include carbohydrates(lactose),proteins(amino acids,specific proteins),lipids,Ca,P,and other minerals and vitamins.这些包括碳水化合这些包括碳水化合物物(乳糖乳糖),蛋白质蛋白质(氨基酸氨基酸,特殊蛋白特殊蛋白),乳脂乳脂,钙钙,磷磷,和其他矿物质和维生素和其他矿物质和维生素 第9页，本讲稿共87页Dried Products from Liquid Milk来源于液体乳的干奶制品来源于液体乳的干奶制品第10页，本讲稿共87页 Dried Milk Powder 干奶粉干奶粉 l50-75 years ago,pigs were routinely weaned at 6-8 weeks of age.50 到到75年前年前,猪的常规断奶年龄为猪的常规断奶年龄为6到到8周周.lIn the 1960s swine producers began to adopt more intensive production practices led to earlier weaning of pigs at 3-4 weeks.60年代开始年代开始,养猪生产者采用了更为集约化的生产方式养猪生产者采用了更为集约化的生产方式,导致仔猪的导致仔猪的早期断奶早期断奶(3到到4周龄断奶周龄断奶).lInclusion of dried milk powder or dried skim milk in post weaning diets became a common practice.在日粮中添加奶粉或脱脂奶粉变的在日粮中添加奶粉或脱脂奶粉变的非常普遍非常普遍.lThis was necessary to keep pigs alive,healthy,and growing.乳制品乳制品是维持仔猪生命是维持仔猪生命,健康和生长所必须健康和生长所必须.第11页，本讲稿共87页 Dried Milk Powder奶粉奶粉 lToday,with improved environments and specialized ingredients(dried whey,lactose,dried blood plasma,dried blood cells,fish meal),dried milk is seldom used.当今当今,应用饲养环境的改善和特殊饲料原料应用饲养环境的改善和特殊饲料原料(乳乳清粉清粉,乳糖乳糖,血浆蛋白粉血浆蛋白粉,血细胞粉血细胞粉,鱼粉鱼粉)的广泛使用的广泛使用,奶粉已经很少奶粉已经很少使用使用.lReadily digestible carbohydrates(such as lactose)are essential to provide energy.易消化碳水化合物易消化碳水化合物(乳糖乳糖)是提供仔猪能量所必须的是提供仔猪能量所必须的.lSource of lactose is whey.乳糖的来源主要是乳清产品乳糖的来源主要是乳清产品.第12页，本讲稿共87页Dried Products from Cheese Production 来源于乳酪生产的干奶制品来源于乳酪生产的干奶制品第13页，本讲稿共87页Milk 鲜奶鲜奶Cheese 乳酪乳酪Liquid Whey 液体乳清液体乳清Whey Processing 乳清的加工过程乳清的加工过程第14页，本讲稿共87页 Liquid Whey 液体乳清液体乳清 Liquid whey was once considered a waste product.液体乳清曾经被液体乳清曾经被认为是废弃物品认为是废弃物品.It was disposed by通过以下方式处理通过以下方式处理:dumping it into waterways 倒入河流或水域倒入河流或水域Spreading it on crop land 喷洒在农田中喷洒在农田中Transporting it to landfills 运输和倾倒在垃圾堆场运输和倾倒在垃圾堆场In some parts of the world,liquid whey is fed directly to pigs.有有些国家把液体乳清直接用来喂猪些国家把液体乳清直接用来喂猪.This is generally limited to areas close to cheese factories.这种饲喂这种饲喂方式主要是在靠近乳酪生产厂的地区方式主要是在靠近乳酪生产厂的地区.Today,most of the whey is dried.今天今天,多数液体乳清被干燥使用多数液体乳清被干燥使用.第15页，本讲稿共87页Milk 鲜奶鲜奶Cheese 乳酪乳酪Liquid W hey 液体乳清液体乳清Drying 干燥干燥Whey ProcessingDried Whey 干乳清粉干乳清粉第16页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey 乳清粉乳清粉 lIf whey is carefully dried,it makes an excellent ingredient for animal If whey is carefully dried,it makes an excellent ingredient for animal feeds.feeds.仔细干燥的优质乳清粉是极好的动物饲料原料仔细干燥的优质乳清粉是极好的动物饲料原料仔细干燥的优质乳清粉是极好的动物饲料原料仔细干燥的优质乳清粉是极好的动物饲料原料.lDried whey is the largest milk-based feed ingredient used in the feed and pet Dried whey is the largest milk-based feed ingredient used in the feed and pet food industries in the USA.food industries in the USA.乳清粉是美国饲料和宠物饲料中使用的最大乳乳清粉是美国饲料和宠物饲料中使用的最大乳乳清粉是美国饲料和宠物饲料中使用的最大乳乳清粉是美国饲料和宠物饲料中使用的最大乳制品原料制品原料制品原料制品原料.lAbout one-half of the dried whey produced in the USA is used in animal feeds About one-half of the dried whey produced in the USA is used in animal feeds(milk replacers and pig starters).(milk replacers and pig starters).在美国所生产的乳清粉大约在美国所生产的乳清粉大约在美国所生产的乳清粉大约在美国所生产的乳清粉大约50%50%用于动物用于动物用于动物用于动物饲料饲料饲料饲料.lAlmost all pig starter diets contain dried whey and/or one of its major Almost all pig starter diets contain dried whey and/or one of its major components,ponents,lactose.几乎所有的乳仔猪料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分几乎所有的乳仔猪料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分几乎所有的乳仔猪料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分几乎所有的乳仔猪料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分-乳糖乳糖乳糖乳糖.第17页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey 乳清粉乳清粉 Typically contains about 68%lactose and 12%protein 乳清粉通常含有乳清粉通常含有68%的乳糖和的乳糖和12%的蛋白的蛋白.Major proteins:b-lactoglobulin,a-lactalbumin,bovine serum albumin,and immunoglobulin.主要的蛋白组成是主要的蛋白组成是-乳球蛋白乳球蛋白,-乳白蛋白乳白蛋白,牛血清白蛋牛血清白蛋白白,和免疫球蛋白和免疫球蛋白.Source of amino acids 氨基酸来源氨基酸来源Serve as a defense against microbial infections 作为抵御微生物侵入的防御系统作为抵御微生物侵入的防御系统Source of growth factors and modulators 生长和调节代谢因子的来源生长和调节代谢因子的来源Other proteins with important biological properties其他具有重要生物学其他具有重要生物学特性的蛋白质特性的蛋白质:Lactoferrin,lactoperoxidase,lysozyme casein glycomacropeptide,phosphopeptides,and fat globule membrane proteins 乳铁蛋白乳铁蛋白,乳过氧化物酶乳过氧化物酶,溶菌酶溶菌酶,酪蛋白糖聚肽酪蛋白糖聚肽,磷化肽磷化肽,脂肪球脂肪球膜蛋白膜蛋白.第18页，本讲稿共87页Classification of Dried Whey乳清粉的分类乳清粉的分类Edible grade whey Edible grade whey 食品级食品级食品级食品级 low bacterial count low bacterial count 微生物计数少微生物计数少微生物计数少微生物计数少Feed grade whey Feed grade whey 饲料级饲料级饲料级饲料级 does not make edible grade does not make edible grade没有达到食品要求的没有达到食品要求的没有达到食品要求的没有达到食品要求的Sweet whey Sweet whey 甜乳清粉甜乳清粉甜乳清粉甜乳清粉 from cheddar cheese from cheddar cheese 源于切达乳酪的乳清液源于切达乳酪的乳清液源于切达乳酪的乳清液源于切达乳酪的乳清液Acid whey Acid whey 酸乳清粉酸乳清粉酸乳清粉酸乳清粉 from cottage cheese production from cottage cheese production 源于酪农干酪的乳清液源于酪农干酪的乳清液源于酪农干酪的乳清液源于酪农干酪的乳清液Regular whey Regular whey 一般乳清粉一般乳清粉一般乳清粉一般乳清粉Delactosed whey Delactosed whey 脱乳糖乳清粉脱乳糖乳清粉脱乳糖乳清粉脱乳糖乳清粉Spray dried whey Spray dried whey 喷雾干乳清粉喷雾干乳清粉喷雾干乳清粉喷雾干乳清粉Roller dried whey Roller dried whey 滚筒干乳清粉滚筒干乳清粉滚筒干乳清粉滚筒干乳清粉第19页，本讲稿共87页Drying Systems 干燥方法干燥方法 Spray dried whey 喷雾干燥喷雾干燥lWhey is atomized into superheated air.液体乳清雾化在超高温的空气中液体乳清雾化在超高温的空气中lHigh initial temperature,low final temperature.高初始温度高初始温度,低结束温度低结束温度lPredominance of -lactose.以以-乳糖为主乳糖为主lResults in a finer product that tends to be more hygroscopic.喷雾干乳清粉易吸水喷雾干乳清粉易吸水 Roller dried whey 滚筒干燥滚筒干燥lWhey is picked up by heated rollers or drums.液体乳清喷雾在加热的滚筒上液体乳清喷雾在加热的滚筒上lScraped from rollers by the knife arm.干燥后的产品通过锋利的刀臂刮下干燥后的产品通过锋利的刀臂刮下lLow initial temperature,high final temperature.低初始温度低初始温度,高结束温度高结束温度lPredominance of -lactose(sweeter).以以 型乳糖为主型乳糖为主.lResults in a granular product that is less hygroscopic.产品为颗粒状产品为颗粒状,不易吸水不易吸水第20页，本讲稿共87页第21页，本讲稿共87页第22页，本讲稿共87页第23页，本讲稿共87页第24页，本讲稿共87页Indices of Overall Quality of Dried Whey乳清粉质量评价乳清粉质量评价 Color Color 色泽色泽色泽色泽Spray-dried whey frequently bleached white(food applications).Spray-dried whey frequently bleached white(food applications).喷雾干乳清粉通喷雾干乳清粉通喷雾干乳清粉通喷雾干乳清粉通常在漂白后干燥常在漂白后干燥常在漂白后干燥常在漂白后干燥(食品使用食品使用食品使用食品使用)Roller-dried whey has no bleaching agents more cream colored.Roller-dried whey has no bleaching agents more cream colored.滚筒干滚筒干滚筒干滚筒干乳清粉不添加漂白粉乳清粉不添加漂白粉乳清粉不添加漂白粉乳清粉不添加漂白粉,颜色为乳黄色颜色为乳黄色颜色为乳黄色颜色为乳黄色.Dark or yellowish spray-dried whey may indicate overheating or long storage Dark or yellowish spray-dried whey may indicate overheating or long storage periods.periods.深色或黄色的喷雾干乳清粉通常是高温或长时间存贮所致深色或黄色的喷雾干乳清粉通常是高温或长时间存贮所致深色或黄色的喷雾干乳清粉通常是高温或长时间存贮所致深色或黄色的喷雾干乳清粉通常是高温或长时间存贮所致.Overheating or long storage periods can result in the Maillard reaction.Overheating or long storage periods can result in the Maillard reaction.干燥温干燥温干燥温干燥温度过高或存储时间长会导致美拉得反应度过高或存储时间长会导致美拉得反应度过高或存储时间长会导致美拉得反应度过高或存储时间长会导致美拉得反应Epsilon amino group of lysine binds to carbohydrateEpsilon amino group of lysine binds to carbohydrate赖氨酸的赖氨酸的赖氨酸的赖氨酸的 氨基团与碳氨基团与碳氨基团与碳氨基团与碳水化合物结合水化合物结合水化合物结合水化合物结合 Bound lysine is not absorbed unavailableBound lysine is not absorbed unavailable.结合的赖氨酸不能被吸收结合的赖氨酸不能被吸收结合的赖氨酸不能被吸收结合的赖氨酸不能被吸收第25页，本讲稿共87页Indices of Overall Quality of Dried Whey乳清粉质量评价乳清粉质量评价 Ash content Ash content 灰分含量灰分含量灰分含量灰分含量 Low ash content is desirable.Low ash content is desirable.低灰分最为理想低灰分最为理想低灰分最为理想低灰分最为理想 High ash may indicate that the whey became acidic and sodium High ash may indicate that the whey became acidic and sodium hydroxide was added before drying to raise the pH.hydroxide was added before drying to raise the pH.高灰分表明乳清液变高灰分表明乳清液变高灰分表明乳清液变高灰分表明乳清液变酸酸酸酸,干燥前添加氢氧化钠提高干燥前添加氢氧化钠提高干燥前添加氢氧化钠提高干燥前添加氢氧化钠提高pHpH值值值值High ash generally means high salt content this can cause diarrhea in pigs.High ash generally means high salt content this can cause diarrhea in pigs.高高高高灰分也是高盐分的表现灰分也是高盐分的表现灰分也是高盐分的表现灰分也是高盐分的表现.高盐分会引起猪下痢高盐分会引起猪下痢高盐分会引起猪下痢高盐分会引起猪下痢 High ash content may also indicate that a flow agent was added to enhance High ash content may also indicate that a flow agent was added to enhance flowability of the final product.flowability of the final product.另外另外另外另外,高灰分可能是为改进产品的流动性添加的流高灰分可能是为改进产品的流动性添加的流高灰分可能是为改进产品的流动性添加的流高灰分可能是为改进产品的流动性添加的流动剂所致动剂所致动剂所致动剂所致第26页，本讲稿共87页Composition of Dried Whey乳清粉的营养成分乳清粉的营养成分 Dried Whey 乳清粉乳清粉 Dry matter,干物质干物质%96Lactose,乳糖乳糖%68Crude protein,粗蛋白粗蛋白%12.1Crude fat,粗脂肪粗脂肪%0.9Lysine,赖氨酸赖氨酸%0.90Digestible lysine,可消化赖氨酸可消化赖氨酸%0.78Ca,钙钙%0.75P,磷磷%0.72P availability,磷的利用率磷的利用率%100NaCl,氯化钠氯化钠%2.34ME,Mcal/kg 代谢能代谢能3.19第27页，本讲稿共87页Milk 鲜奶鲜奶Cheese 乳酪乳酪Liquid W hey 液体乳清液体乳清Lactose 乳乳糖糖Partially DelactosedPermeate 部分脱乳糖透析液部分脱乳糖透析液WheyProtein Conc.乳清浓缩蛋白乳清浓缩蛋白 Permeate 透析液体透析液体Drying 干燥干燥Ultrafiltration 超过滤超过滤Whey Processing 乳清粉加工过程乳清粉加工过程Dried Permeate(Dairylac 80)Dried Whey 乳清粉乳清粉第28页，本讲稿共87页第29页，本讲稿共87页第30页，本讲稿共87页Composition of Dried Whey Products乳清粉产品营养成分乳清粉产品营养成分 Whole Whey Dry matter,干物质干物质%96Lactose,乳糖乳糖%68Crude protein,粗蛋白粗蛋白%12.1Crude fat,粗脂肪粗脂肪%0.9Lysine,赖氨酸赖氨酸%0.90Digestible lysine,可消化赖氨酸可消化赖氨酸%0.78Ca,钙钙%0.75P,磷磷%0.72P availability,磷利用率磷利用率%100NaCl,氯化钠氯化钠%2.34ME,Mcal/kg 代谢能代谢能3.19第31页，本讲稿共87页Composition of Dried Whey Products乳清粉产品营养成分乳清粉产品营养成分 Whole Delactosed Whey Whey Dry matter,干物质干物质%9696Lactose,乳糖乳糖%6854Crude protein,粗蛋白粗蛋白%12.117.6Crude fat,粗脂肪粗脂肪%0.91.1Lysine,赖氨酸赖氨酸%0.901.51Digestible lysine,可消化赖氨酸可消化赖氨酸%0.781.31Ca,钙钙%0.752.00P,磷磷%0.721.37P availability,有效磷有效磷%100100NaCl,%2.345.28ME,Mcal/kg3.192.91第32页，本讲稿共87页Composition of Dried Whey Products乳清粉产品的营养成分乳清粉产品的营养成分 Whole Delactosed Whey Whey Whey PermeateDry matter,干物质干物质%969696Lactose,乳糖乳糖%685480Crude protein,粗蛋白粗蛋白%12.117.63.8Crude fat,粗脂肪粗脂肪%0.91.10.2Lysine,赖氨酸赖氨酸%0.901.510.18Digestible lysine,可消化赖氨酸可消化赖氨酸%0.781.310.16Ca,钙钙%0.752.000.86P,磷磷%0.721.370.66P availability,有效磷有效磷%100100100NaCl,氯化钠氯化钠%2.345.283.23ME,Mcal/kg,代谢能代谢能3.192.913.30第33页，本讲稿共87页Nutritional Value of Dried Whey,Dried Whey Permeate,and Lactose乳清粉乳清粉,低蛋白乳清粉低蛋白乳清粉,乳糖的营养价值乳糖的营养价值第34页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用 Excellent ingredient Excellent ingredient 极好的原料极好的原料极好的原料极好的原料 Palatable Palatable 适口性好适口性好适口性好适口性好 High in lactose High in lactose 乳糖含量高乳糖含量高乳糖含量高乳糖含量高 Best carbohydrate source for young pigs Best carbohydrate source for young pigs 幼龄猪最理想的碳水化合物来源幼龄猪最理想的碳水化合物来源幼龄猪最理想的碳水化合物来源幼龄猪最理想的碳水化合物来源 Excellent source of protein Excellent source of protein 极好的蛋白质来源极好的蛋白质来源极好的蛋白质来源极好的蛋白质来源 Highly digestible Highly digestible 易消化易消化易消化易消化 Excellent profile of amino acids Excellent profile of amino acids 理想的氨基酸组成理想的氨基酸组成理想的氨基酸组成理想的氨基酸组成 Functional proteins immunoglobulins,etc.Functional proteins immunoglobulins,etc.功能性蛋白质功能性蛋白质功能性蛋白质功能性蛋白质,免疫球蛋白免疫球蛋白免疫球蛋白免疫球蛋白第35页，本讲稿共87页One of the First Studies with Dried Whey in Diets for Young Pigs幼龄猪日粮中使用乳清粉的最早研究之一幼龄猪日粮中使用乳清粉的最早研究之一Krider,Becker,Curtin,and Van PouckeUniversity of Illinois(1949)Control Dried Whey对照对照2%4%Daily gain,g 313 409413Daily feed,g9941,1531,135Feed/gain3.653.143.0210 pigs/treatment,15 to 33 kg -J.Anim.Sci.8:112(1949)第36页，本讲稿共87页Early Studies with Dried Whey in Starter Diets for Young Pigs早期在断奶仔猪料中使用乳清粉的研究早期在断奶仔猪料中使用乳清粉的研究28 experiments 3,393 pigs weaned at 4-5 weeks 6 to 15 kg 对照对照 乳清粉乳清粉 改进改进,%Control Dried Improv-Whey ment,%Daily gain,g2682919Daily feed,g4775087Feed/gain1.841.793In most cases,10-20%dried whey.多数试验使用多数试验使用10到到20%的乳清粉的乳清粉第37页，本讲稿共87页University of Kentucky Research Studies with Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets肯塔基大学在仔猪料里添加乳清粉的研究结果肯塔基大学在仔猪料里添加乳清粉的研究结果 第38页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中使用乳清粉的效果断奶仔猪日粮中使用乳清粉的效果 Dried whey,%051015Daily gain,g337364382407Daily feed,g610641706712Feed/gain1.811.761.851.75Baird et al.(1974)176 pigs weaned at 21 days,35-day test,5.4 to 18.6 kg.第39页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果 Control Whey Lactose 5 10%3.4-6.8%Daily gain,g336372377Daily feed,g608672672Feed/gain1.811.811.78Baird et al.(1974)176 pigs weaned at 21 days;35-day test from 5.4 to 18.6 kg第40页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉的效果断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉的效果 Control Whey Improve-20%ment,%Daily gain,g2362506Daily feed,g4454634Feed/gain1.911.853Survival,成活率成活率%97.998.91Stahly et al.(1983);480 pigs weaned at 28 days;28-day test from 6.8 to 13.6 kg第41页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果 Control Whey Improve-20%ment,%Daily gain,g23630026Daily feed,g47257622Feed/gain2.081.985Cromwell et al.(1984);108 pigs weaned at 28 days;28-day test from 7.7 to 15.0 kg第42页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果 Control Whey Improve-15%ment,%Daily gain,g30433510Daily feed,g52257610Feed/gain1.721.73Burnell et al.(1987);252 pigs weaned at 28 days;28-day test from 7.3 to 16.3 kg第43页，本讲稿共87页Spray-vs Roller-Dried Whey for Pigs喷雾和滚筒干乳清粉的比较喷雾和滚筒干乳清粉的比较 Control Spray-Roller-Dried Dried 24%24%Daily gain,g413431445Daily feed,g672740708Feed/gain1.601.681.59Cromwell et al.(1994);180 pigs weaned at 28 days;28-day test from 7.3 to 19.1 kg第44页，本讲稿共87页Roller Dried Whey vs.Dairylac-80 for Weanling Pigs 滚筒干乳清粉和乳宝滚筒干乳清粉和乳宝-80比较比较 Control Whey Dairylac-80 20%18%-(15%lactose)-Daily gain,g350368404Daily feed,g586672690Feed/gain1.691.851.70Cromwell et al.(1995);84 pigs weaned at 28 days;28-day test from 8.6 to 19.1 kg第45页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling PigsOverall Summary of Six University of Kentucky Experiments肯塔基大学六个乳清粉试验的结果总结肯塔基大学六个乳清粉试验的结果总结 Control Whey Improve-ment,%Daily gain,g31335011Daily feed,g54961712Feed/gain1.801.80-6 experiments,1,178 pigs,4 to 8 weeks,8 to 17 kg第46页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling PigsAverage Daily Gain,g 日增重日增重,克克University of Kentucky6 experiments,1,178 pigs第47页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling PigsAverage Daily Feed Intake,g 采食量采食量,克克University of Kentucky6 experiments,1,178 pigs 第48页，本讲稿共87页Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果断奶仔猪日粮中添加乳清粉和乳糖的效果 Dried whey,%152025 3035Daily gain,g163182186209 227Daily feed,g308322335368 377Feed/gain1.891.781.801.761.66Mahan(1992),Ohio State University;130 pigs weaned at 14 days.第49页，本讲稿共87页Levels of Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs不同水平的日粮乳清粉对断奶仔猪的影响不同水平的日粮乳清粉对断奶仔猪的影响Ohio State University(1992)俄汉俄州立大学俄汉俄州立大学(1992)4-wk test,130 pigs weaned at 2 wk第50页，本讲稿共87页Levels of Dried Whey for Weanling Pigs不同水平的日粮乳清粉对断奶仔猪的影响不同水平的日粮乳清粉对断奶仔猪的影响Kansas State University(1981)堪堪萨斯州立大学萨斯州立大学(1981)35-d test,100 pigs weaned at 19 dDaily gain,kg第51页，本讲稿共87页Levels of Lactose for Weanling Pigs