高考英语单选写作完型技巧讲座优秀课件.ppt

高考英语单选写作完型技巧讲座第1页，本讲稿共30页评分时词数少于评分时词数少于80和多于和多于120的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2分；分；如书写教差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次；如书写教差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次；评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和评分时应注意内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性准确性及上下文的及上下文的连贯性连贯性。第一挡（差）第一挡（差）（1-6分）分）未完成试题规定的任务未完成试题规定的任务 *明显漏掉一些主要内容明显漏掉一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容写了一些无关内容 *语法结构单调，词汇项目有限语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 *较多语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解较多语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解 *缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯高考书面表达评分原则第2页，本讲稿共30页 高高 考考 英英 语语 单单 项项 选选 择择 题题 解解 题题 方方 法法 第3页，本讲稿共30页 命题趋势命题趋势:1.考查基础语法知识考查基础语法知识.2.考查语法知识的运用能力考查语法知识的运用能力.命题特点：命题特点：注重语境注重语境,强调运用强调运用涉及知识面广，涵盖了冠词涉及知识面广，涵盖了冠词 形容词形容词 副词副词 动词动词 非谓非谓语动词语动词 定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。近几年加大了交际用语的考查。近几年加大了交际用语的考查。.语境设置更为真实语境设置更为真实 自然自然 巧妙。词汇巧妙。词汇 语法知识越考越语法知识越考越活。活。解题策略归纳为以下四法：解题策略归纳为以下四法：1.1.题眼法。题眼法。2.2.还原法。还原法。3.3.一致法。一致法。4.4.标点法。标点法。第4页，本讲稿共30页一一.题眼法题眼法 题眼法即语境分析法。题眼法即语境分析法。“眼眼”指的是题干指的是题干中的解题关键信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌中的解题关键信息，一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。在解题时同学们应树立全局握选择的依据。在解题时同学们应树立全局观和整体观，认真分析语境准确理解和把握观和整体观，认真分析语境准确理解和把握信息并关注关键词句找出突破口。例如：信息并关注关键词句找出突破口。例如：第5页，本讲稿共30页(1)-Is there fog in the evening?-There_be.Ill make a phone call to find it out.A.must B.would C.will D.might(2)Most of the Europeans refuse to accept GM food _Americansregard it as the fruit from high tech.A.when B.as C.while D.the moment(3)Unfortunately,when I dropped in,Doctor Li _for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS,so we only had time for a few words.A.just left B.had just left C.is just leaving D.was just leaving(4)Is there any possibility of the film _in Paris International Festival.A.being tried out B.trying out C.tried out D.to try out(5)_,but he insisted that he _to school.A.Though he was ill;went B.Having been ill;wentC.Having been ill;should go D.He was ill;goDCDAD第6页，本讲稿共30页二二.还原法还原法 还原法，即句子结构分析法。很多高考单项选择还原法，即句子结构分析法。很多高考单项选择题考点实为难度题考点实为难度 较小的简单句，但命题人往往通过加较小的简单句，但命题人往往通过加长句式，将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型，使用插入语，长句式，将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型，使用插入语，采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化,以增加干以增加干扰因素。解题时，同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来扰因素。解题时，同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉，还原简单句的本来面目。龙去脉，还原简单句的本来面目。主要有如下八种还原方式：主要有如下八种还原方式：1.将疑问句还原成陈述句。将疑问句还原成陈述句。例如：例如：Whom is it up to _the matter?A.decide B.to decide C.deciding D.decided解析：将题干还原为陈述句：解析：将题干还原为陈述句：答案为：答案为：It is up to sb.to decide the matter.B第7页，本讲稿共30页2 将感叹句还原成陈述句。将感叹句还原成陈述句。例如：例如：_role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.A.How interesting B.How an interesting C.What interesting D.What an interesting 解析：将题干还原为陈述句：解析：将题干还原为陈述句：因此答案为：因此答案为：3 将被动语态还原成主动语态。将被动语态还原成主动语态。例如：例如：Our time should be made full use of _.A.study B.studied C.studying D.to study 解析：将题干还原为成主动语态：解析：将题干还原为成主动语态：因此答案为：因此答案为：She played an interesting role in the film.D We should make full use of our time to study.D第8页，本讲稿共30页4 将倒装语序还原成正常语序。将倒装语序还原成正常语序。例如：例如：Here is a note book,in which _ the names of the visitors.A.write B.written C.were written D.was written 解析：将题干还原为正常语序解析：将题干还原为正常语序:因此答案为：因此答案为：5 将强调句式还原成一般句式。将强调句式还原成一般句式。例如例如:It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident.A.because of her carelessness B.her being careless C.because she was careless D.she was so careless 解析：将题干还原为一般句式解析：将题干还原为一般句式:因此答案为：因此答案为：The names of the visitors were written in the note book.CHer being careless resulted in the terrible car accident.B第9页，本讲稿共30页6 将先行词还原到定语从句中。将先行词还原到定语从句中。例如例如:The study you have been making _the ancient Chinese charactersis an instructive job.A.to B.for C.of D.from解析解析:把定语从句把定语从句 先行词先行词 the study 还原回从句中得出还原回从句中得出:因此答案为因此答案为:7 删除附加结构删除附加结构,将复杂句还原成简单句。将复杂句还原成简单句。例如例如:John plays football _,if not better than,David.A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as解析解析:将插入语将插入语 if not better than 删除得出删除得出:因此答案为因此答案为:You have been making the study of the ancient Chinese characters.CJohn plays football as well as David.B第10页，本讲稿共30页8 将省略句还原成完整的句子。将省略句还原成完整的句子。例如例如:-Do you know what Tom does all day?-I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he _ his lessons.A.is doing B.does C.spends in D.does doing 解析解析:将连词将连词as 后的从句还原完整后的从句还原完整,得出得出:此句中的此句中的 spends 可用可用 来代替来代替.因此答案为因此答案为:doesDas he spends(in)doing his lessons.第11页，本讲稿共30页三三.一致法一致法 一致法是另一种句子结构分析法一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意即在解题时我们要注意句子前后的关系要一致句子前后的关系要一致,包括包括主谓一致主谓一致,时态一致时态一致,代词一致代词一致,比比较对象一致较对象一致等等等等,以此找到解题的突破口以此找到解题的突破口.例如例如:1.The man rushed out of the room,_into his car and started it hurriedly,_to get home as soon as possible.A.got;hoped B.getting;and hoped C.got;hoping D.getting;hoped 解析解析:C 从and 可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列,时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语.第12页，本讲稿共30页2.Written in a hurry,_.A.Peter made many mistakes in the paperB.There are many mistakes in the paperC.we found some mistakes in the paperD.the paper is full of mistakes解析解析:3.Thinking about the fact that I was not prepared well enough,and _ to lose my face,I gave up this years civil service exam.A.didnt want B.not wanted C.not wanting D.not to want解析解析:分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此题中written in a hurry 的逻辑主语应该是paper所以选择主语一致的 项。此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,not wanting,与前面的thinking 一致,故选择 D C第13页，本讲稿共30页1.四四.标点法标点法 在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视.在做题时在做题时 一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如例如:1.Our first destination was Indian Greek in Kansas._was then the frontier.A.That B.Which C.What D.Then 解析解析:2.Everyone was on time for the meeting_Chris,whos usually ten minutes late for everything.A.but B.only C.even D.yet 解析解析:AC 从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是独立的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用从属连词.故答案为 从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明。故答案为第14页，本讲稿共30页 3.They believe that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days;_theres always someone to stay with the dead body.A.during which time B.during which C.during when D.during this time 解析解析:由分号可知后半部分应该是一个独立的句子.故答案应为D 总之总之,高考单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题高考单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及但考查内容涉及 面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时解题时,应结合语境应结合语境,认真分认真分 析句子析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质通过现象看本质,从而达到分析问从而达到分析问 题和解决问题的目的题和解决问题的目的.第15页，本讲稿共30页巩固练习巩固练习:()1._,the earth moves around the sun.A.It is known that B.We all know C.What we know is D.As we all know()2.During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats,keep our eyes on our work,_to anyone.A.but could not talk B.instead of speaking C.rather than speak D.and not to speak()3.The country life he was used to_greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed()4.No progress was made in the trade talks as neither side would accept the conditions of _.A.others B.the other C.either D.another()5.-It is 30 years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.whenDDBBB（标点法）（标点法）（一致法）（一致法）（还原法（还原法删除附加结构）删除附加结构）（题眼法）（题眼法）（还原法（还原法删除附加结构）删除附加结构）第16页，本讲稿共30页()6.When _ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“It is kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered()7._ he was the last man I wanted to see,I did all in my power to help him.A.As B.Now that C.Though D.However()8.Who did the teacher _the article?A.have written B.have write C.had written D.has writing()9.Its fun to see all the food I have made _in such a short time.A.eating B.to be eaten C.being eaten D.eaten()10.The speech _,a lively discussion started.A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been deliveredDCBDD（一致法）（一致法）（题眼法）（题眼法）（还原法）（还原法）（还原法（还原法删除附加结构）删除附加结构）（一致法）（一致法）第17页，本讲稿共30页重重 基基 础础Conclusion细细 分分 析析巧巧 运运 用用第18页，本讲稿共30页第二挡（较差）第二挡（较差）（7-127-12分）分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务未恰当完成试题规定的任务 *漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容 *语法结构单调，词汇项目有限语法结构单调，词汇项目有限 *有语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解有语法或词汇错误，影响了对内容的理解 *较少使用语句间的连接词，内容缺少连贯性较少使用语句间的连接词，内容缺少连贯性高考书面表达评分原则 第19页，本讲稿共30页第三挡（适当）（第三挡（适当）（13 18分）分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。基本完成了试题规定的任务。*虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容*应用的语法和词汇能满足任务的要求应用的语法和词汇能满足任务的要求*有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解*应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。内容连贯。高考书面表达评分原则高考书面表达评分原则第20页，本讲稿共30页高考书面表达评分原则高考书面表达评分原则 第四挡（好）第四挡（好）（19 24分）分）完成了试题规定的任务完成了试题规定的任务 *虽漏掉一两个次重点虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容但覆盖所有主要内容 *语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求 *语法或词汇应用基本准确，有些错误主要语法或词汇应用基本准确，有些错误主要 是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致，是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致，*应用简单的语句间的连接词，应用简单的语句间的连接词，使全文紧凑使全文紧凑第21页，本讲稿共30页 第五挡（很好）第五挡（很好）（25-30分）分）完全完成了试题规定的任务完全完成了试题规定的任务 *覆盖所有主要内容覆盖所有主要内容*应用了较多语法结构和词汇应用了较多语法结构和词汇*语法或词汇方面有些许错误语法或词汇方面有些许错误.但为尽力使但为尽力使用用较复杂语法结构较复杂语法结构或或较高级词汇较高级词汇所致所致;具有具有较强的语言应用能力较强的语言应用能力*有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使使 全文紧凑全文紧凑高考书面表达评分原则高考书面表达评分原则第22页，本讲稿共30页厌倦点厌倦点:语言繁琐、层次不清，令人感到单调、乏味语言繁琐、层次不清，令人感到单调、乏味词汇有错误，句子结构单一、重复词汇有错误，句子结构单一、重复表达不地道、汉语味太浓表达不地道、汉语味太浓书写潦草、令人无法辨认、无法评价书写潦草、令人无法辨认、无法评价兴奋点兴奋点，也就是你作文中的，也就是你作文中的亮点亮点:语言简洁、层次清晰语言简洁、层次清晰选词精确，句式多变选词精确，句式多变内容连贯，表达地道，无明显错误内容连贯，表达地道，无明显错误书写规范，卷面整洁书写规范，卷面整洁阅卷教师的厌倦点和兴奋点阅卷教师的厌倦点和兴奋点第23页，本讲稿共30页英语作文训练的三大步首先首先,文从字顺的初级阶段文从字顺的初级阶段其次其次,多悟思变的过渡阶段多悟思变的过渡阶段最后最后,文质兼美的高级阶段文质兼美的高级阶段第24页，本讲稿共30页文从字顺的初级阶段文从字顺的初级阶段语言错误多，汉语式的句子多语言错误多，汉语式的句子多多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种：规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种：（1）主谓不一致主谓不一致。Father and I am going to visit her.My uncle often go to the cinema himself.（2）时态、语态混用时态、语态混用。The meal is so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.The old man knocked down by the car and injured badly.（3）句子成分残缺句子成分残缺。But the car which painted red didnt stop.The young man running in the street fast.He wouldnt able to work out the problem.We all against all forms of terrorist activities.第25页，本讲稿共30页句子表达多样性的途径句子表达多样性的途径 高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇高级词汇、复杂句复杂句式式、过渡性词语过渡性词语和和不同的表达方式不同的表达方式，从而增加文章的可读性，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。和表现力。a)改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、倒装句倒装句、强调句强调句、感叹句感叹句等等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。活泼。a.He got up very early to catch the bus.b.The girl,hungry and thirsty,went back home.c.We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.d.Tom knew his mistakes only then.e.The news that our football team had won came soon.f.It began to rain just at ten oclock.g.Our brave Ah Fu had saved my little sister.h.We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing well.多悟思变的过渡阶段多悟思变的过渡阶段第26页，本讲稿共30页精确词汇及高级词汇精确词汇及高级词汇：1.He will be arriving soon.1.He will be arriving soon.He will be arriving He will be arriving prettypretty soon.soon.2.They poured the waste water into the river.2.They poured the waste water into the river.They poured the waste water They poured the waste water directlydirectly into the river.into the river.3.He got angry.3.He got angry.He gotHe got a little bita little bit angry.angry.4.I dont understand.4.I dont understand.I dont I dont quitequite understand.understand.5.If you have any problems,5.If you have any problems,you can shout outyou can shout out.If you have any problems,If you have any problems,just yelljust yell.6.They planted trees 6.They planted trees around the schoolaround the school .They planted trees They planted trees throughout the campusthroughout the campus.7.The police 7.The police treatedtreated the whites the whites better thanbetter than the blacks.the blacks.The police The police favored favored the white the white overover the black.the black.8.“What are they doing?”he 8.“What are they doing?”he thoughtthought.“What are they doing?”he“What are they doing?”he figuredfigured.文质兼美的高级阶段文质兼美的高级阶段第27页，本讲稿共30页高考英语完形高考英语完形填空训练思路填空训练思路司剑帆司剑帆第28页，本讲稿共30页完形填空六大技巧训练完形填空六大技巧训练1.逻辑关系定位法（关注句中的连词，信号词）逻辑关系定位法（关注句中的连词，信号词）2.总分结构对照法（总分结构对照法（Tp 句统领句统领 Ex句）句）3.对应成分分析法（两句完全平行，寻找对等成分）对应成分分析法（两句完全平行，寻找对等成分）4.色彩法色彩法 （“+”、“”）5.同线结构同线结构 （同义互释项、反义互释项）（同义互释项、反义互释项）6.复现结构复现结构 （瞻前顾后寻找相同词、同根、族词）（瞻前顾后寻找相同词、同根、族词）第29页，本讲稿共30页第30页，本讲稿共30页