初中被动语态优秀PPT.ppt

初中被动语态第1页，本讲稿共13页语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语时动作的执行者eg：Many people speak English.He opened the door.被动语态表示主语时动作的承受者。eg：English is spoken by many people.The door was opened.第2页，本讲稿共13页被动式be动词+及物动词的过去分词Many people speak English.English is spoken by many people.第3页，本讲稿共13页句式的转换English is spoken by many people否定句：English isnt spoken by many people.一般疑问句：Is English spoken by many people?特殊疑问句：Who/Whom is English spoken by?By whom is English spoken?第4页，本讲稿共13页考点一 下列时态的被动语态结构一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p I am called Emily.一般过去时：was/were+p.p The kite was made by them.一般将来时：will/shall+be+p.p The work will be finished in 2 days.现在完成时：have/has+been+p.p The trees should be watered at once现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should/would be+p.p.含有情态动词：情态动词can/may/must/should/+be+p.p The work has been finished by them.第5页，本讲稿共13页考点二 ask sb.to do be asked to do tell sb.to do be told to do invite sb.to do be invited to do主动 choose sb.to do 被动 be closen to do encourage sb.to do be encouraged to do allow sb.to do be allowed to do第6页，本讲稿共13页考点三 make sb.do be made to do see sb.do be seem to do hear sb.do sb.be heard to do主动 let sb.do 被动 be let to do watch sb.do be watched to do第7页，本讲稿共13页被动语态被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有 必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。第8页，本讲稿共13页主动语态变被动语态1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。第9页，本讲稿共13页转换被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)Where were vegetables grown?第10页，本讲稿共13页特殊情况1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变;将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。2.短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be+过去分词”。5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。第11页，本讲稿共13页教材中被动语态相关句型1.be covered with被覆盖 2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)be made from由制作(发生化学变化)be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)be used for被用来be used as被当作(作为)来使 be used to do sth.被用来做某事4.It is said that.据说 It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知第12页，本讲稿共13页被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别1)含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。2)用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。第13页，本讲稿共13页