通用工程计划英语听说教学教材(下)原文及其翻译.doc

#*Unit 11 Site Inspection (2)U11 / Section A Some Tips for Site Inspection(P67-69)The previous unit referred to the general tips for hosting site inspections（工地检查）, while this unit aims to introduce the general ideas of how to prepare inspectors for carrying out site inspections more efficiently, especially helpful for those young inspectors who are not so experienced. 上一单元提到提到了主持接待工地检查主持接待工地检查的一些通用技巧通用技巧，而本单元旨在介绍检查员检查员应该如何准备，以便更有 效地执行工地检查工作的一些总体总体(工作工作)思路思路，这对于那些经验不足的年轻检查员来说尤其有帮助。Be goal-oriented 目标明确目标明确 Most engineering projects involve many construction procedures and different sites, so, in order to implement supervision and maintain the project quality, there are many objects to be inspected on the site, such as the temporary facilities, formworks, reinforcement works, concrete works, steel structure works, piping and electrical works, roofing and water proofing, finishing works, safety management, and so on. Sort out the objects and steps of inspection so that the contractor can provide direct assistance and enough information.大多数工程项目涉及很多施工程序和不同的施工工地施工程序和不同的施工工地，因此，为了实施工程监督实施工程监督, 保证保证工程质量，工 地上有很多项目需要检查，例如临时设施临时设施（浇筑）模板（浇筑）模板加固工程加固工程混凝土工程混凝土工程钢结构工程钢结构工程管道和管道和 电气工程电气工程屋顶和防水处理工程屋顶和防水处理工程终饰工程终饰工程安全管理工作安全管理工作等等。检查员检查员要分类整理分类整理好被检查的对象，明 确检查的各个步骤，以便承包商能够提供直接的帮助和足够的信息。Schedule good timing （计划）安排好检查的时机（计划）安排好检查的时机 Time the site inspection flexibly, taking the differencesinspecting goals, objects, and weatherinto consideration . 灵活安排工地检查时机，把不同的把不同的检查目标检查对象以及天气的差异情况列入考虑范差异情况列入考虑范 围围。 If the inspection needs the preparation and the assistance of the contractor, call the reception desk ahead of schedule, giving the latter enough time to get ready. If the inspection aims to check the instant construction state, a sudden inspection is worth considering, without informing the contractor before that.如果检查需要承包商的准备和协助，请提前通知接待处（前台）接待处（前台） ，给他们足够的时间准备。如果检查的 目的是要检查即时施工状态即时施工状态，那么不提前通知承包商，值得考虑进行一次突击检查（或值得考虑进行一次突击检查（或“进行一次突击检进行一次突击检 查是值得考虑的查是值得考虑的” ） 。 Its better to carry out the inspection in fair weather because the extreme weather may bring about downtime（停（停 工期）工期） of the construction, especially for those outdoor working. 最好在好天气时好天气时进行检查，因为极端天气可能会导致施工的停工，尤其是那些户外施工作业。Be armed with testing devices 配备测试装置配备测试装置 It may sound like a no-brainer, but being equipped with necessary testing devices will save you from the troubles asking for help when needed. What to take depends on the different inspecting objects. But a tape measure（卷尺） is a must no matter what and where to inspect. It is easy to take but can work wonders in checking steel bars, carpenter working and other simple works. When a more accurate testing is going on, the total station, theodolite, or gradienter should be adopted. Undoubtedly, the contractor will be willing to provide those comparatively more sophisticated devices on the site when asked to. 这听起来似乎很简单这听起来似乎很简单，但是装备这些必要的测试设备，可以在你需要寻求帮助时避免不必要的麻烦避免不必要的麻烦。#*要配备哪些装置取决于不同的检查对象。但是无论在哪里检查以及检查什么无论在哪里检查以及检查什么，卷尺都是必须的。虽然它很 容易携带，但它可以在检查钢筋，木匠工作钢筋，木匠工作和其他简单工作中会产生奇效。产生奇效。当要进行更精确的测试时，应 采用全站仪、经纬仪或水平仪全站仪、经纬仪或水平仪。毫无疑问，当被要求时，承包商愿意在现场提供那些相对比较精密的设备。Observe safety regulations on worksite 遵守工地安全规章制度遵守工地安全规章制度 The safety regulations on the engineering worksite should be strictly observed by all the engineers and workers, let alone the inspectors. 所有工程师和工人都应严格遵守严格遵守工程施工现场的安全规程（规章制度）安全规程（规章制度）要求，更不用说更不用说检察员们了。 Before getting close to the worksite, learn about the specific safety regulations of the target inspecting zone. 在接近工地之前，要了解目标检查区域目标检查区域的具体安全规则具体安全规则。 Ask the H.S.E. department to provide the safety helmets, reflective gear, protective shoes and so on. And the special insulating protective gear including gloves, boots and overshoes are needed when inspecting the electrical works. 要求健康安全环保部门健康安全环保部门（HS.E 部门）提供安全头盔、反光装置、防护鞋安全头盔、反光装置、防护鞋等等。另外，在检查电气工程时， 要求提供特殊的绝缘保护装置，绝缘保护装置，包括手套、靴子和绝缘套鞋等。 Keep a distance from the working truck cranes, wheel cranes, tower cranes, gantry cranes, etc., to avoid unexpected injury from falling objects. 要注意与正在工作中的正在工作中的卡车起重机、轮式起重机、塔式起重机、龙门起重机卡车起重机、轮式起重机、塔式起重机、龙门起重机等等保持一定距离，以避免 因坠落物体而造成意外伤害意外伤害。 Ask the professional technicians to operate the mechanical or electrical equipment. 要求专业的技术人员专业的技术人员来操作机械或电气设备。机械或电气设备。 Be cautious about the ground on the site, preventing from falling down when it is too slippery and from being hurt by the wood, nails, steel bars and so on.所伤 要当心要当心工地的地面，防止防止因地面太滑而摔倒，也要避免要避免被木头、钉子、钢筋木头、钉子、钢筋等所伤。Ask direct questions and be objective 直接提问，保持客观直接提问，保持客观 Once the lead person from the contractor is identified, keep the overall contact with him during the inspection. It is not necessary to beat round the bush but to cut to the chase. 一旦承包商确定了项目负责人项目负责人，在检查期间，应与他保持全面联系。没必要说话时拐弯抹角兜圈子拐弯抹角兜圈子，而是 要开门见山直入正题开门见山直入正题。 Be straightforward to the lead person when asking for design drawings, construction records, testing reports, and other documents not involving confidential information. 需要看设计图纸、施工记录、测试报告设计图纸、施工记录、测试报告和其它未涉及机密信息的文件时，应直接坦率地直接坦率地告诉项目负责人项目负责人。Ask the engineers or workers directly about the construction progress, procedures, technical requirements, material standard, etc., to get information in a more efficient way. 直接询问直接询问工程师或工人们关于施工进度，施工程序，技术要求和材料标准施工进度，施工程序，技术要求和材料标准等等问题，从而更高效地获得 信息。 Point out the problems, if existing, and set the deadline and demands of rectification. It may be a little callous but it will turn out to be the most helpful way for both sides. 如果项目存在问题的话，指出指出存在的问题，并确定确定整改整改的期限和要求的期限和要求。这看上去显得有点不近人情不近人情，但 它将会是对双方最有帮助的方式。最有帮助的方式。#*Keep records 保存记录保存记录 In order to record the inspection findings on the site, the inspector can note down the details in various forms. It is a good idea to prepare a sheet covering all those objects to be inspected before going to the site. In addition, on this inspection sheet, many issues can also be included, such as the evaluation criteria, evaluation grades, problems existing, factors contributing to the problems, rectification instructions, and rectification deadlines, etc. A carefully-designed and comprehensive inspection sheet can be helpful for the inspector to carry out the work on the site and report the inspection when finished. 为了记录在现场的检查发现检查发现，检查员可以用多种方式记录细节记录细节。在去现场之前，准备一个涵盖所有被 检查对象的表格表格是一个好主意。另外，在这个检查表检查表中，也包含了许多问题，例如评估标准评估标准评估等级评估等级 存在的问题存在的问题造成问题的因素造成问题的因素整改指示整改指示和整改期限和整改期限等等。一个精心设计一个精心设计全面综合的检查表全面综合的检查表，对于检 查员在现场展开工作和检查结束后报告检查情况，是有帮助的。Taking photos is another way to keep the inspection records. But make sure it is allowed because every company has its own confidential policies. So it is polite to ask the permission before taking photos and not to use the photos for unrelated purposes. 拍照是保存检查记录的另一种方法。但是要确保这个是经过允许的，因为每个公司都有自己的保密政保密政 策策。所以，拍照之前征得许可，以及不为某些不相关的目的去使用这些照片，是很有礼貌的做法。Always follow up 随时跟进随时跟进 Conducting periodic site inspections is an excellent way to ensure both sides commitment. Quality should always be the main concern in site inspection. How can the inspector ensure the contractor has done the rectification properly? Certainly follow-up inspections are quite necessary. 定期进行现场检查定期进行现场检查是确保双方承诺承诺的一个极佳办法。质量问题应该始终是现场检查的关注焦点关注焦点。检查 员如何确保承包商妥善地妥善地完成了整改工作？显然，进行后续跟踪检查跟踪检查是非常必要的。Number of inspections also depends on the contractors reputation, which is also one of the objects to be inspected. The better the reputation, the less inspections are needed. The contractors reputation can be found in their completed projects and the ones in progress. And the capital funds, management, personnel, temporary facilities, construction procedures and crafts, safety regulations and so on can also shed a light on the contractors reputation and strength. 检查的次数也取决于承包商的声誉承包商的声誉，这也是要检查的目标之一。信誉越好，需要检查的次数就越少信誉越好，需要检查的次数就越少。人 们可以从承包商已竣工项目和在建项目中已竣工项目和在建项目中看出他们的声誉。而且资本资金、管理、施工人员、临时设施、资本资金、管理、施工人员、临时设施、 施工程序和工艺、安全规章制度施工程序和工艺、安全规章制度等等也能够体现（或显示）出体现（或显示）出承包商的声誉和实力声誉和实力。No doubt, the above tips are far from comprehensive for each specific inspection, which may vary greatly under different circumstances. But they can be general guidelines for the young inspectors. 毫无疑问，以上建议对于每种具体的检查工作来说远远不够全面远远不够全面，它可能会随不同的情况变化很大变化很大。但 对于年轻的检查员们来说，上述建议可以作为通用指南通用指南使用。U11 Section C Organization of Safety Work（P74）Generally, at the very beginning of a project, a suitably qualified and experienced person will be appointed as safety officer, who will be given sufficient time, authority and responsibility to ensure the safety program. His duties mainly include several aspects： to inspect the worksite safety regularly, to ensure safety methods are #*being adopted, and all the safety and health requirements are being observed, to make detailed investigations if any safety accident occurs, and to take countermeasures to prevent the recurrence of similar accidents. The safety office is also authorized by the project manager the right to issue safety instructions for warning, giving penalties, up to firing any person who breaks the safety regulations. In addition, the safety officer also has the duty to take charge of the safety and health training program. 通常，在一个项目刚开始的时候在一个项目刚开始的时候，一个具备资格和经验的人具备资格和经验的人会被任命为安全员安全员，他将被给予充分的时 间、权利权利和责任和责任去确保项目安全计划项目安全计划。他的他的职责职责主要包括以下几个方面: 定期检查工地安全；确保安全措安全措 施施得到采纳；采纳；所有安全及健康要求得以遵守；遵守；如有任何安全事故发生，都要进行详细的调查，并制定对策 以避免类似事故的重演。安全员也会得到项目经理的授权，有权发布安全操作指令操作指令作为警告、给予惩罚惩罚、 甚至有权开除任何违反安全条例的人。除此之外除此之外，安全员也有职责负责安全和健康培训计划安全和健康培训计划。The safety and health program is usually divided into two parts： one is for training workers and the other for training foremen and supervisors. The contents include but, are not limited to, the following items： worksite safety policy, employee responsibility, companys safety regulations, construction accidents and reporting, electrical safety, personal safety equipment, scaffolding, trenching and excavation, crane safety, respiratory protection, fire protection and prevention, toxic substances, first aid and emergency aid procedure, and so on. 安全和健康培训项目安全和健康培训项目通常分成两个部分：一方面是培训工人，另一方面是培训工头工头与监管员。内容包 含但不仅限于以下项目: 工地工地安全政策、员工的职责、公司的安全制度条例、施工事故及报告、用电安全、安全政策、员工的职责、公司的安全制度条例、施工事故及报告、用电安全、 个人安全设备、脚手架、开沟和挖掘、个人安全设备、脚手架、开沟和挖掘、起重机起重机安全、呼吸保护、消防和火灾预防、有毒物质、安全、呼吸保护、消防和火灾预防、有毒物质、急救急救和紧急和紧急 救援程序救援程序等等。#*Unit 12 Negotiation(1)U12 / Section A Some Issues in Negotiation(P75)In an international construction project after bidding, a certain contractor is successful. And the owner is often unable to accept all contents in the tender of the contractor. This requires negotiations by which the two sides ultimately reach an agreement. In contracting, negotiation plays a vital role. 一个国际建设项目，经过招标，某一承包商竞标成功。但业主通常不会接受承包商标书中的所有内容。 这就需要双方进行谈判，通过谈判最终达成协议。在缔约缔约过程中，谈判起着至关重要的作用谈判起着至关重要的作用。 There are some key issues in the negotiation. They are： 在谈判中，有一些关键问题需要注意，它们分别是:The issue of working range 工作范围问题工作范围问题 It refers to the scope of work undertaken by the contractor, including construction, materials, equipment supply, the provision of construction personnel, the amount of work to determine, quality requirements and other responsibilities and obligations. The scope of work is the prerequisite for the establishment of the contract and also the basis of negotiations. Therefore, it can be said that the scope of work is a very important issue in contract negotiations. In the provisions of the scope of work the following three cases should be paid attention to： 它指的是承包商承担的工作范围工作范围，这包括建筑施工、材料、设备供应、关于施工人员的条款、要确定的工 作量、质量要求和其他的责任与义务。工作范围是合同成立（工作范围是合同成立（订立合同）的先决条件，也是谈判的基础。）的先决条件，也是谈判的基础。 因此，可以说，工作范围是合同谈判中一个非常重要的问题，在工作范围的规定规定中，应注意以下三种情况:(A) The scope of work and content is not clear or the contractor does not correctly understand, which results from leakage and will directly affect the cost of the project. 工作范围和内容表述不清楚，或者承包商没有正确理解，造成了内容的泄露，都将会直接影响工程的造 价。 (B)The text in the provisions of the scope of the work is not clear. 关于工作范围的条款文本表述不清楚。 (C) Inaccuracy cases in Chinese translation of tenders in foreign languages. The quotation based on such incorrect translation will affect the contract price. 外文标书翻译成中文时，存在的不准确情况。基于这样错误翻译的报价将会影响合同价格。 All of these cases in the negotiations must be very clear. The key equipment translation must be professional. It needs technical personnel and interpreters to review and strive to avoid big mistakes. 所有这些出现的情况在谈判中都必须非常清楚。关键设备的翻译必须是专业的。需要技术人员和口译技术人员和口译 员员去认真审查，尽力尽力避免大的错误。The issue of contract price 合同价格的问题合同价格的问题 Contract price is the most important content of the contract, which is the key to the discussion, including unit price, total price, salary, overtime and other costs, as well as payment methods and payment conditions. Contract prices are affected by the scope of work, contract duration and other obligations. 合同价格是合同当中最重要的内容，它是谈判的关键。合同价格是合同当中最重要的内容，它是谈判的关键。包括单价、总价、薪水、加班费单价、总价、薪水、加班费和其他费用，以及 付款方式和付款条件。合同价格受工作范围、合同工期工作范围、合同工期和其他义务的影响。(A) The owner asked the contractor to use a fixed price to bid, or allowed some price flexibility clauses. For #*example, in the event of a devaluation of the currency, could the contract price be increased? If not allowed, then the contractor should make judgments on the price by considering full factors such as the countrys political situation, economic conditions and so on. 业主要求承包商使用固定价格固定价格来投标，或允许某些弹性价格条款弹性价格条款。例如，在货币贬值货币贬值的情况下，合同 价格是否可以增加？如果不允许，则承包商应充分考虑如该国的政治情况、经济条件等诸多因素，对价格 产生的影响作出判断。 (B) In the contract period, the owner can or cannot guarantee a certain or several commodities prices stable. For example, the owner asked the contractor to use a fixed price to bid, but can guarantee the prices of a small number of other commodities such as cement stable. If these commodity prices were raised, the contract price could be increased. 在合同有效期合同有效期内，业主不一定能保证某种或几种商品价格的稳定稳定。例如，业主要求承包商使用固定价格 进行投标，但可以保证其他少数商品，如水泥的价格稳定。如果这些商品价格上涨，合同价格可能会提高。The issue of contract project time 合同项目时间的问题合同项目时间的问题 The contract duration indicates that the contractors work must be completed within a specified period of time. It is the default basis for defaulting fine, but also an important factor affecting the contract price. The contract duration requirements should be stated as follows： 合同工期合同工期表明，承包商的工作必须在规定的时间内完成。这是违约罚款违约罚款的默认基础默认基础，也是影响合同价格的 一个重要因素。合同期限的要求如下:(A) If the start conditions cannot be guaranteed, the duration should be extended. To ensure the completion of schedule, first of all, it is necessary to protect the start on time. The factors which may affect the start should be written into the terms of the contract, such as to provide construction drawings on time, to deliver construction sites timely. 如果不能保证（项目）开始条件开始条件，则应延长工期。为确保按计划完工，首先有必要保护按时开工。应 把可能影响施工开始的因素都写进合同条款中，例如：应按时提供施工图纸施工图纸，及时交付施工地点及时交付施工地点。If the owner cannot check timely before acceptance, the duration should be extended. Some owners, subjectively in order to delay payment or objectively due to increasing the amount of engineering or modifying the design content and other factors, do not check the project before acceptance, which has been completed by the contractor.（一些业主，由于有想推迟付款的主观 原因，或由于增加了工程量或修改了设计内容或