莫高窟(英文ppt介绍).ppt
Do you know those photos？Where is it？Follow me please!MogaoCaves莫高窟莫高窟25km敦煌市东南部敦煌市东南部25公公里处，鸣沙山上里处，鸣沙山上TheMogaoCavesorMogaoGrottoesalsoknownastheCavesoftheThousandBuddhas,formasystemincluded492templesandanoasisstrategically,locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroads-theSilkRoad敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、东千佛洞及肃北蒙古族自治县五个庙石窟等中国三大石窟中国三大石窟LongmenGrottoesYungangGrottoesMogaoGrottoesHistoryDunhuangwasestablishedasafrontiergarrison(边境边境要塞）要塞）outpostbytheHanDynastyEmperortoprotectagainsttheXiongnuin111BC.ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest,acentreofcommercealongtheSilkRoad,aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchasBuddhism。DuringtheTangDynasty,DunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerceoftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera,includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddhaatthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedictayearearlierbyTangEmpressWuZetiantobuildgiantstatuesacrossthecountry.HistoryAftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline,andconstructionofnewcavesceasedentirelyaftertheYuanDynasty.Islam（伊斯兰教）hadconqueredmuchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclinedinimportancewhentradingviasea-routesbegantodominateChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldTheNorthernSongDynasty，thetangut(西夏）andtheYuanDynasty，MogaoCavesgraduallyhastenthedecline，onlyrepairedthepreviousdynastyholeroom（孔房）primarily，newlybuiltextremelyfewAfterYuanDynasty，alongwithSilkRoadabandoning，MogaoCavesalsostoppedconstructingandisneglectedgraduallyincommonpeoplesfieldofvisionAfterclearin1701，hereonlythenagainmannerattentionThemoderntimes，peopleusualnameit“ThousandBuddhasCaveCAVESMogaoCavesarethenationkeyculturalrelicpreservationorgan（全国文物重点保护单位）ItisworldfamousbythefinemuralandthecastItsbeginningconstructsat16countriesformerQintimes，hasbeenthroughrepeatedly16countries，theNorthernDynasy，Sui，Tang，fivegenerations，Tangut，theYuanandsoonallpreviousdynastiesconstructing。Formsthehugescale，existingcavern735，themural45000squaremeter，argillaceouspaintedsculpture2415，areintheworldtheextantscaleisbiggest，thecontentrichestBuddhismartplaceTheMogaoCavesextantcavern735，dividesintothenorthandsouthtwoareasSouththeareaisMogaoCavesmainbody，isengagedinthereligiousactivitiesfortheclergytheplace，some487caverns，havethemuralormakeanidolNorththeareahas248caverns，inwhichonlythen5existencemuralsormakesanidol（冥想）Butafterotherallistheplacethattheclergyleadsapiouslife（僧侣修行）Twoareatotal492cavernexistencemuralandmakesanidol，hasthemural45，000squaremeter，theargillaceouspaintedsculpture2415，TangSongmuconstructscliffeave5，aswellasseveralthousandlotusflowerpillars，spreadoutonthefloorthedecorativebrickandsoonThisare248cavesofnorthwhichhasalsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters（住处）,meditationchambers（冥想室）andburialsites（土葬）forthemonks.Thecavesareclustered（聚合）togetheraccordingtotheirera,withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliff。Murals&SculpturesThemuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thtothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme,somehoweverareoftraditionalmythicalthemes（传统神话主题）andportraits（画像）ofpatrons（赞助人）Therearearound2,400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao.Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe,paddedwithreed,thenmodelledinclaystucco（粘土）,andfinishedwithpaintTheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian中亚prototypes（原型）withsomeinGreco-Indian（印度希腊王国）styleofGandhara（古印度）.OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreChineseelementsandbecamegraduallysinicized（中国化）EarlymuralsshowedastrongIndianandCentralAsianinfluenceinthepaintingtechniquesusedAdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不同的的敦煌风格）howeverbegantoemerge（浮现）duringNorthernWeiDynastythemuralsoftheMogaoCavesXuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha敦煌敦煌壁画中的唐僧唐僧礼佛图WorshippingBodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty432窟窟菩萨菩萨.西魏西魏迦叶迦叶第第427窟中心柱南龛窟中心柱南龛隋代隋代Dancer,cave220,earlyTangDynasty.328窟窟阿难阿难初唐初唐322窟窟天王天王初唐初唐55窟窟力士力士宋宋419窟窟菩萨菩萨阿难阿难隋隋384窟窟供养菩萨供养菩萨盛唐盛唐阿难阿难第第45窟龛南侧窟龛南侧盛唐盛唐427窟窟佛佛菩萨菩萨隋隋彩塑一铺彩塑一铺第第45窟窟盛唐盛唐45窟窟迦叶迦叶盛唐盛唐LateTangThemuralcommemorating（纪念）victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetansCave156WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYanluCave61,FiveDynasties.Cave409,WesternXia最大的壁画五台山图宋代长13.45米高3.42米VALUEThetravelofZhangQiantotheWestSakyamuni释迦牟尼Banditattacks强盗袭击96号窟，俗称九层楼莫高窟第一大佛像弥勒佛高33米130窟弥勒像莫高窟的第二大佛像高26米158窟的卧佛 Mogao Grottoes Art目 录一、一、三、三、Muralsart二、二、PaintedsculptureartArchitecturalartPaintedsculptureartADunhuangGrottoescarvedintheconglomerate,inadditiontoNorthandsouthlikehillsidestonesculpture,therestforthewoodenstructure.ThemainDunhuangartsculpturesofBuddha,Bodhisattva,king,JinGang,andhisfollowersaslux,Godetc.Theformofcolorfulcolorful,roundplastic,floatingplastic,plasticfilm,plasticgoodkarmaetc.34.5metershigh,minimumisonlyabout2cm(goodkarmawoodandmudstone),superbtechnologyandtherichsubjectmatter,calledBuddhistsculpturesinthemuseum.Plastic17GrottoesintheTangDynastyHexiallseriesofportraitsandstatuesandpaintedwithcrutchValet,andTsuTaecho,thestatuesandmuralsasawhole,isChinasearliestrealisticmonkreallylikeone,withahighhistoricalandartisticvaluePaintedsculptureartMuralsartRichandcolorfulmurals,variousBuddhiststories,mountainsandscenery,pavilions,terracesandopenhallsetc.DunhuangMogaoGrottoesmurals(11)Architecturalpainting,landscapepainting,flowerpattern,flyingBuddhaandthenworkingpeoplewerethesceneofavarietyofproductionetc.,reproductionistheartofover1500yearsofSixteenStatestotheQingDynastyfolkstyleandhistoricalchanges,magnificent.Inalargenumberofmuralsartcanalsobefoundthattheancientartistsonthebasisofthenationalization,theIran,India,Greeceandothercountriesoftheancientart,isasymboloftheChinesenationdevelopedcivilization.Themuralsofvariousdynastiesshowdifferentstylesofpainting,whichreflectsthepolitical,economicandculturalsituationofChinesefeudalsociety,anditisagloriouschapterinthehistoryofChineseancientart.ThehighestcaveTheMogaoGrottoesthecliffofthesoilissoft,notsuitableforproductionofstone,sotheMogaoGrottoesstatuesinadditionto the four Buddha Dunhuang Mogaocolorfulstonetireclaysculpture,therestare wooden bones clay.Statue for thedeitiesofBuddhistfigures,arrangedinasingleimageandimages.,imagesoftheBuddha in the middle,on both sides oftheministeringdiscipleandBodhisattva,atleastthreebody,morethan11.Mogao GrottoesThank you
