葡萄害虫综合治理.ppt
VineyardSiteSelectionandLayoutDean VolenbergUW-Extension Door CountyVineyardSiteSelectionClimate&Geographic LocationFrench American hybrid wine grape plants are a phenologically distinct crop with the most important developmental stages being dbourement(budburst),floraison(flowering),full bloom,veraison(color change and maturation),and harvest(grape maturity).The time between these phenological stages varies greatly with grape cultivar,climate,and geographic location.Understanding the phenology of a given plant system is important in determining the ability of a region to produce a crop within the confine of its climatic regime.VineyardSiteSelectionClimate&Geographic LocationFrench American hybrid wine grape plants are a phenologically distinct crop with the most important developmental stages being dbourement(budburst),floraison(flowering),full bloom,veraison(color change and maturation),and harvest(grape maturity).The time between these phenological stages varies greatly with grape cultivar,climate,and geographic location.Understanding the phenology of a given plant system is important in determining theabilityofaregiontoproduceacropwithintheconfineofitsclimaticregime.VineyardSiteSelectionClimate&Geographic LocationConsiderationsWinter low temperaturesSpring frostsFrost free daysGDD base 50Frost damaged bud of Marquette.29 F on May 8 and 9,2010.Undamaged bud of Marquette.29 F on May 8 and 9,2010.VineyardSiteSelectionMacro ScaleVineyardSiteSelectionFrost Free DaysDateofLastSpringOccurrenceDateofFirstFallOccurrenceBaseTempFMedianEarly90%10%LateMedianEarly90%10%Late325/104/214/275/256/0410/089/239/2411/0211/13305/034/174/235/175/2210/149/239/2511/1211/16284/244/064/095/095/1310/249/249/3011/1211/19244/123/233/274/214/2611/0910/0910/1711/1711/23204/023/123/184/104/1311/2010/2411/0312/0312/22163/273/063/154/094/1111/2511/0311/1212/1912/22GrowingSeasonSummaryDerivedfrom1971-2000AveragesSturgeonBayExperimentalFarmVineyardSiteSelectionFrost Free DaysDateofLastSpringOccurrenceDateofFirstFallOccurrenceBaseTempFMedianEarly90%10%LateMedianEarly90%10%Late325/104/214/275/256/0410/089/239/2411/0211/13305/034/174/235/175/2210/149/239/2511/1211/16284/244/064/095/095/1310/249/249/3011/1211/19244/123/233/274/214/2611/0910/0910/1711/1711/23204/023/123/184/104/1311/2010/2411/0312/0312/22163/273/063/154/094/1111/2511/0311/1212/1912/22GrowingSeasonSummaryDerivedfrom1971-2000AveragesSturgeonBayExperimentalFarm150 Frost Free DaysVineyardSiteSelectionFrost Free DaysDateofLastSpringOccurrenceDateofFirstFallOccurrenceBaseTempFMedianEarly90%10%LateMedianEarly90%10%Late325/104/214/275/256/0410/089/239/2411/0211/13305/034/174/235/175/2210/149/239/2511/1211/16284/244/064/095/095/1310/249/249/3011/1211/19244/123/233/274/214/2611/0910/0910/1711/1711/23204/023/123/184/104/1311/2010/2411/0312/0312/22163/273/063/154/094/1111/2511/0311/1212/1912/22GrowingSeasonSummaryDerivedfrom1971-2000AveragesUW-MarinetteDateofLastSpringOccurrenceDateofFirstFallOccurrenceBaseTempFMedianEarly90%10%LateMedianEarly90%10%Late325/084/204/265/185/2710/039/149/2310/1711/01304/304/064/175/145/2710/109/229/2410/3111/11284/233/264/075/085/1110/189/2210/0211/0611/15244/133/143/304/265/0711/049/2310/1211/1611/28204/053/143/204/174/1911/1210/1410/2411/2612/20163/252/273/164/094/1811/2010/3111/0312/0712/22148 Frost Free DaysVineyardSiteSelectionGrowing Degree DaysElementJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNGDDBase4000231364427098998595972765234001GDDBase45008612965597447054491561913000GDDBase500012217241058955030670602130GDDBase5500068526843439618124101398GDDBase6000013514828224787500807MGDD*Base500012762514315865543451291712406*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.GrowingSeasonSummaryDerivedfrom1971-2000AveragesSturgeonBayExperimentalFarmVineyardSiteSelectionGrowing Degree Days*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.GrowingSeasonSummaryDerivedfrom1971-2000AveragesUWMarinetteElementJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNGDDBase4001261685017719518956062875234204GDDBase45009863546217977404581692003206GDDBase500023822547164258531783602332GDDBase550001512632748843019331101584GDDBase6000056319933528099800970MGDD*Base5000171062984856275843611492312614*Modified Growing Degree Days:Base 50 Ceiling 86.VineyardSiteSelectionGrowing Degree DaysVineyardSiteSelectionLength of Growing SeasonLengthofGrowingSeason(Days)Derivedfrom1971-2000AveragesPeninsularAgriculturalResearchStation BaseTempFMedianShortest10%90%Longest321501281361631993016613513819920528178135158210221242111761902282382023020721525927416245218221267285VineyardSiteSelectionTemperatureRed line is normal monthly high temperatureBlack line is normal average monthly temperature Blue line is normal monthly low temperatureVineyardSiteSelectionTemperature and Fruit ChemistryDaytime Optimum68-77 FNightime Optimum59-68 FVineyardSiteSelectionCold ThresholdsVineyardSiteSelectionCold ThresholdsCouderay-55F4February1996VineyardSiteSelectionCold ThresholdsCouderay-55F4February1996VineyardSiteSelectionCold ThresholdsVineyardSiteSelectionTopography effects on air temperaturesVineyardSiteSelectionTopography effects on air temperaturesIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionMap your site and surroundingsNSEWIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionMap your site and surroundingsLay out rowsNSEWIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionMap your site and surroundingsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areasNSEWPotential Pest SourceMorning ShadeMorning ShadePotential Pest SourceIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionMap your site and surroundingsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areasNSEWPotential Pest SourceMorning ShadeMorning ShadePotential Pest SourceGrape Berry MothGrape Berry MothIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionMap your site and surroundingsLay out rowsIdentify potential problem pest areasIdentify pests that may persist in problem pest areasNSEWPotential Pest SourceMorning ShadeMorning ShadePotential Pest SourceGrape Berry MothGrape Berry MothPowdery&Downy MildewPowdery&Downy MildewMean cluster infestation(%)in vineyardsJulyAugustSeptemberBorderInteriorBorderInteriorBorderInteriorDeciduous woods72.4a139.5a79.4a62.7a99.2a78.6aConiferous woods30.5b13.0b86.8a55.2a92.3ab65.1aTree row34.6b20.6ab75.3a56.9a93.9ab71.9aGrasses29.2b21.8ab61.3a40.1a78.3b56.2aInfestation of grape clusters by grape berry moth at borders and interiors of commercial vineyards with various habitat borders.1Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different(Tukey =0.05)Botero-Garcs,N.and R.Isaacs.2004.Environmental Entomology 33:310-319.Mean cluster infestation(%)in vineyardsJulyAugustSeptemberBorderInteriorBorderInteriorBorderInteriorDeciduous woods72.4a139.5a79.4a62.7a99.2a78.6aConiferous woods30.5b13.0b86.8a55.2a92.3ab65.1aTree row34.6b20.6ab75.3a56.9a93.9ab71.9aGrasses29.2b21.8ab61.3a40.1a78.3b56.2aInfestation of grape clusters by grape berry moth at borders and interiors of commercial vineyards with various habitat borders.1Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different(Tukey =0.05)Botero-Garcs,N.and R.Isaacs.2004.Environmental Entomology 33:310-319.IPM&Vineyard Site SelectionLay out vineyard based on potential pest threatsMatch grape varieties to potential pest problems as dictated by vineyard Also consider market for grape varietiesNSEWFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteLeon Millot,Seyval,or VignolesFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionNSEWFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteLeon Millot,Seyval,or VignolesFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteYear 1Block planted VignolesYear 2Block planted MarquetteIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionNSEWFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteLeon Millot,Seyval,or VignolesFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteYear 1Block planted VignolesYear 2Block planted Marquette$IPM&Vineyard Site SelectionSt.Pepin for Ice Wine in the remaining blockIs St.Pepin a good fit for this location and its associated pollinator Lacrosse?IPM&Vineyard Site SelectionNSEWSt.Pepin&LaCrosseLeon Millot,Seyval,or VignolesFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteYear 1Block planted VignolesYear 2Block planted MarquetteYear 3Block planted St.Pepin&LaCrosseVarietyPowdery MildewDowny MildewSt.Pepin+La Crosse+Moderately susceptible+Highly susceptibleIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionNSEWSt.Pepin&LaCrosseLeon Millot,Seyval,or VignolesFoch,Frontenac,or MarquetteYear 1Block planted VignolesYear 2Block planted MarquetteYear 3Block planted St.Pepin&LaCrosseVarietyPowdery MildewDowny MildewSt.Pepin+La Crosse+Moderately susceptible+Highly susceptibleIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionRow Orientation North/SouthAspect-East results in rapid dryingSoil-low to moderate fertility -O.M.5%IPM&Vineyard Site SelectionLook UpBirdsTreesLook AroundKnow your neighborKnow their cropsIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionPhenoxy herbicide injury2,4-DDicambaClopyralidTriclopyrOther Herbicide Off-Target SourcesHomeowners lawnsGolf coursesHighway Right-of-wayInvasive plant managementIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionVine SpacingVigor of vineVine Spacing ImpactsAir circulationPesticide coverageIPM&Vineyard Site SelectionWeed managementBefore establishment(2 year process)Plan,prepare,polish-off weeds,plantAfter establishmentWeed management in rowIncreases air flowRemoves sites for potential pestsPreserves water and nutrientsWhat is the most important year to manage weeds in the vineyard?1.Establishment(year 1)2.Year 23.Year 34.First crop(Year 4)What is the most important year to manage weeds in the vineyard?1.Establishment(year 1)2.Year 23.Year 34.First crop(Year 4)New Grape Growers/Expanding IPM-when does it begin?Before grapes are orderedIntentions for grapesSell grapes to market/wineries-Backward marketingWhat do wineries/consumers wantUse grapes at your wineryWhat do consumers wantWhat management practices to employVineyard LayoutGrape Variety SelectionCold hardinessDictates potential pest problemsAssessment of disease susceptibility Assessment of insect susceptibilityMay impact pest management optionsVineyardSiteSelectionandLayoutDean VolenbergUW-Extension Door CountyFor More Information on Wisconsin Climate.State Climatology Officehttp:/www.aos.wisc.edu/sco/seasons/winter.html#TemperatureMidwest Regional Climate CenterFor More Information on Vineyard Site Selection and Layout.Wolf,T.K.(editor).2008.WineGrapeProductionGuide.Natural Resource,Agriculture,and Engineering Service.Cooperative Extension.NRAES-145.Ithaca,N.Y.336 p.
