英语：Unit2witnessingtime-Grammarandusage课件（牛津译林版选修9）.ppt

The participle 分词分词现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词1 1 构构成成4 4 功功能能2 2 时时态态3 3 语语态态5 5 独独立立结结构构6 6 区区别别 语态语态时态时态 主动式主动式 被动式被动式一般式一般式writingbeing written完成式完成式having writtenhaving been written一、构成形式一、构成形式现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别falling leavesfallen leavesboiling waterboiled watera disappointing boya disappointed boya moving filma moved student二、二、语法功语法功 能能1 1作表语作表语2 2作定语作定语3 3作状语作状语4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语用分词的正确形式填空：1.We were _(excite)with joy at the victory.2.The news was _(excite)to us3.Nobody was _(interest)in the story he told.excitedexcitinginterested1.分词在句中作表语4.The young lady is well _(dress).5.The problem is _(puzzle).dressedpuzzling2.分词结构作定语a)单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前面分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词的后面eg.The injured man is a bus driver.eg.The man injured in the accident is a bus driver.b)分词作定语与一个定语从句所表示的意思差不多。eg.Whats the name of the man caught by the police?=Whats the name of the man who was caught by the police?用分词改写下列句子：ExercisesExercisesExercisesExercises1)The young man,who was believed to be the son of the detective,was bitten by a snake and died.The young man believed to be the son of the detective was2)The road which connects the villages is very narrow.3)The people who were invited to the party cant come.The road connecting the village is very narrow.The people invited to the party cant come.4)The soldier who was wounded was taken to hospital.5)We met a group of students who were returning from school.The wounded soldier was taken to hospital.We met a group of students returning from school.用分词的正确形式填空：1)The lake _(pollute)by the factory has been cleaned again.2)There are some children _(swim)in the river.3)The dog _(tie)to the tree got angry.pollutedswimmingtied4)The machine _(make)in China has been sent to America.5)Who were those people _(wait)outside?madewaiting The question_ at the meeting yesterday is very important.The question _ now at the meeting is very important.The question_ tomorrow is very important.A.discussing B.discussed C.being discussed D.to be discussed3.分词结构作宾补分词作宾补主要出现在特定的动词后Exercises:用分词的正确形式填空：1.I noticed the young lady _(steal)into the office building.2.I heard the poem _(read)aloud.stealingbeing read4.Ill have a car _(wait)for you outside the hotel.3.My father had both his legs _(break)in the accident.5.The horse was kept _(run)over four hours.brokenwaitingrunning4.分词结构作状语：分词结构作状语，可表示时间,原因，条件，让步，伴随和补充说明等，这时分词结构相当于一个状语从句。_from the mountain,we can see our school._from the mountain,our school is very small.SeeingSeenCrossing the road,he was run over by a car.Having done their home-work,the students left the classroom.Having been wounded by the noble,the boy died a few days later.Not knowing English,he could not understand the film.Having lived in Shanghai many years,he knows the place well.Given more time,we could do it better.Working hard all the year round,the poor peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school.The six blind men stood all day by the roadside,begging for money.Exercises:用分词改写下列句子：1.When it is seen from the hill,the town looks beautiful.2.As he didnt know how to work out the problem,he went to ask the teacher.1.The _(frighten)girl sat in the corner,_(cry).2._(leave)the airport,they waved again and again to us.用分词的正确形式填空：frightenedcryingLeaving3._(build)in 1922,the bridge is old.4.The professor came into the office,_(follow)a stranger.5._(lead)by the hunter,we went through the forest.BuiltfollowingLed三、独立结构三、独立结构在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,否否则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语则它必须有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为这种结构称为:独独 立立 结结 构构If we are given more time,we will have an outing tomorrow,If time permits,we will have an outing tomorrow.After we finish the supper,we started to discuss the picnic.After supper was finished,we started to discuss the picnic.The shower being over,we continued to march.So many students being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.The composition written,he handed it to the teacher.With 复合结构复合结构He was asleep with his head on his arms.He stared at her with his mouth open.I would miss the train,with no one to wake me up.With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.如何判断独立主格结构和分词短语如何判断独立主格结构和分词短语a.Having finished his work,he went home in a hurry.b.The moon appearing,we decided to spend the night at the foot of mountain.分词短语作状语分词短语作状语独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构作状语1.看其状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语是否看其状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语是否相同。相同者为分词短语作状语，相同。相同者为分词短语作状语，不同者为独立主格结构作状语不同者为独立主格结构作状语。a.Having done his work,he went to bed.His work having been done,he went to bed.2.看分词前有没有名词或代词。看分词前有没有名词或代词。没有者为分词短语，没有者为分词短语，有者为独立主格结构。有者为独立主格结构。3.看分词前有无看分词前有无with或或without，没有者为分词短语作状语，没有者为分词短语作状语，有者则为独立主格结构。有者则为独立主格结构。a.Getting up late,Tom didnt catch the first bus.b.With the cup broken,the child was crying.c.Without anyone noticing,I slipped through the window.现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1、现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在于语态上：现在分词表主动主动主动主动，过去分词表被动被动被动被动。2、现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行进行进行进行，过去分词表完成完成完成完成。何为主动关系、被动关系？He hurt his leg badly.主动关系主动关系：主语与谓语之间的词：主语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即语搭配关系，即主谓关系主谓关系。被动关系被动关系：宾语与谓语之间的词：宾语与谓语之间的词语搭配关系，即语搭配关系，即动宾关系动宾关系。把握主、被动关系的前提能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白即明白与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。与哪个词去判断主、被动关系。分 词 的 逻 辑 主 语分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的,而是而是“活活”的的-随着分词所作语法随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。的语法成分。1 作状语时作状语时 Seeing the teacher come in,all the students stood up.Heated,the metal expands.分词作状语分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。其逻辑主语是句子主语。2 作宾补时作宾补时 I saw him reading last night.His wife found his hair dyed black.分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。3 作表语时作表语时 The film is moving.The visitors looked surprised.分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。4 作定语时作定语时 This is an interesting book.The people invited to the party cant come.分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。（即中心词）。5 用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与中与with复合结构中）复合结构中）With the task completed,we went out to take some fresh air.It being Sunday,they had no classes.分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的主语结构中的主语分词所作成分分词所作成分分词的逻辑分词的逻辑主语主语状语状语主语主语表语表语宾补宾补宾语宾语定语定语被修饰词被修饰词复合结构复合结构复合结构中复合结构中的主语的主语分分 词词 的的 逻逻 辑辑 主主 语一览表语一览表确定分词的使用的具体步骤1、根据句子结构确定分词的语、根据句子结构确定分词的语 法成分法成分2、找准逻辑主语、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系、判断主、被动关系4、选定现在或过去分词、选定现在或过去分词要养成要养成“分析句子成分分析句子成分-寻找逻辑主语寻找逻辑主语-判断主被动关系判断主被动关系”这一思维定势这一思维定势Exercises:1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given2.Climbing mountains was _,so we all felt _.A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired3.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following;following B.followed;followed C.following;followed D.followed;following4._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more magnificent.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen5.Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;taken C.looked;took D.looking;taking 6.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home,but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing7._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light.A.Giving;given B.Given;given C.Giving;giving D.Given;giving8._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held9._ but he still can not understand it.A.Told many times B.Having been told many timesC.He has been told many times D.Telling him many timesD.Though he had been told many times10.On hearing the _ news,I was too _ to sleep.A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited 11._ rapidly by the body,sugar provides a quick energy source.A.Digested B.Digesting C.To digest D.Having digested12.The eighteen-storeyed building,when _,will shut out the sun _ up the rooms in my house.A.completed;lighted B.completing;lighting C.completing;lighted D.completed;lighting13.The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though _ everywhere.A.sought B.having sought C.being sought D.having been sought14.With you _ by,I cant say any more.A.stand B.stood C.standing D.to stand 15.Taking this kind of medicine,if _,will surely produce side effect.A.continue B.having continued C.continuing D.continued16._ the answer,Tom,who asked the question,still stood with his hand _.A.Giving,raised B.Given,raised C.Given,risen D.Giving,rising 17.With winter_on,its time to buy warm clothes.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming18._the office,the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A.Having shown B.Showing C.Has shown D.Having been shown19.The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building.A.stolen,hidden B.stealing,hiding C.stealing,hidden D.stolen,hiding20.The ground is _ with _ leaves.A.covering,falling B.covered,falling C.covered,fallen D.covering,fallen