初中知识点梳理All.ppt

初中英语知识点梳理及操练v中考中的第二部分是通过单项选择，来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时，不但要从语法语法角度去考虑，而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等貌等各个方面去审视。这样，才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。v这一大题需要注意的是：在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规一般规律律之外，还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律特殊规律。在英语中，有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各因人、因事、因地而各不相同不相同的，因此，不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点，学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累，在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外，在学习时还要防止防止只重语感、不谙其意只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。中考英语知识网络图语法口语词汇短语阅读交际用语听力写作知识运用语语法法词法句法词类副词名词代词动词数词形容词构词法名词、冠词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词单复数、专有名词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词基数词、序数词、分数、百分数比较级、最高级比较级、最高级合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写动动词词动词的基本形式动词不定式动词的时态一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时动词的语态主动、被动动词的种类 系动词、助动词、情态动词、及物动词和不及物动词句法句法句子的种类句子的成分句子的类型直接引语与间接引语简单句并列句复合句五个基本句型宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句陈述句（肯定式、否定式）、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）、祈使句、感叹句主语、谓语、宾语、（直接宾语、间接宾语）表语、定语、状语阅读阅读基本技能运用简单的阅读策略获取信息，根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词含义，理解句子间的逻辑关系，找出文章的主题、理解故事情节、预测故事的结局。基本题型理解文中细节掌握语篇或段落主旨大意概括、归纳、推断深层含义判断词义领会作者意图、判断人物性格辨认图形及数据推理常见问题写作写作基本思路根据图示或表格写出短文，根据要求写日记、短信、便条等，简单地描述人或事件确立主题、列出提纲、收集素材、打好草稿、改正错误、认真抄写知识运用知识运用单项填空、完形填空、短文填空、补全对话词汇全部义务教育阶段英语词汇表（约1600个）及其派生词短语动词短语、名词短语、介词短语交际用语问候、介绍、告别、祝愿、祝贺、道歉、邀请、问路、购物、就餐、看病、帮助、请求、同意、允诺、喜好、厌恶、判断、可能、建议、劝告、提醒、打电话听力根据对话和短文回答问题、根据录音内容填空、判断正误、根据录音内容排序、根据录音内容匹配口语对话、访谈、复述、描述、讨论、角色扮演、朗读、回答问题语法总目v句子类型v句子成分v状语从句v宾语从句/间接引语v定语从句v常见考查句型v被动语态v时态v虚拟语气v方法篇v构词法v名词v动词v形容词/副词v冠词v代词v介词v连词v九年级上册短语构词法构词法构词有法记无定法怎样记忆单词v一、把单词放入句子中句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。v二、将单词按归类归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如learnstudy，betweenamong；反义词归成一类，如leftright，highlow，strongweak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，学科类：maths，science，art，geography，频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。v三、利用构词法构词法记忆单词。比如happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）ever（在任何时候）whenever（无论什么时候）等等。v四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。v五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-irty（在非重读音节中发i）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：contribution，这样就能较快地记住单词。意义关联记忆vdictionarywords，umbrellarain，librarybookshelf，kitchencook英英解释英英解释，温故知新vabroadinortoanothercountry，overseas；interviewmeetingwithsb利用构词法记忆v1合成法：notebooknotebook，schoolyardschoolyard，bookmarkbookmarkv2派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）：en（使有）courageencourage；inter（onewithanother；facetoface）viewinterview；foreigner（人）foreigner，player（执行动作的人）player，sharpener（执行动作的物）sharpener；library（yi）an（人）librarian；miss（v）ingmissing（adj），probable（adj）（l）yprobably（adv），sad（adj）lysadly（adv）；compose（v）（ei）tioncomposition（n），inform（v）（a）tioninformation（n）v3转化法：know（v）knowledge（n）合成形容词v1数词单数名词。如：20minute20分钟的Its20minutewalk步行20分钟的路程。secondclass二等的500word五百字的Thatsthesecondclassroom那是个二等房间。Thisisa500wordcomposition这是一篇五百字的文章。v2数词单数名词形容词。如：8yearold八岁的MrGreenhasan8yearoldchild格林先生有个八岁的孩子。v3数词名词的ed形式。如：threelegged三条腿的Tomboughtathreeleggedtableyesterday昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。v4形容词名词。如：roundtrip来回的；往返的Doyouneedaroundtripticket你想要一张往返的车票吗？parttime非全部工作时间的；兼职的Hefoundaparttimejob他找到了一份额外的工作。v5形容词名词的ed形式。如：kindhearted好心的FatherChristmasisverykindhearted圣诞老人的心肠非常好。v6名词过去分词。如：manmade人造的Chinahassentupmanymanmadesatellites中国已发射了许多人造卫星。v7名词名词的ed形式。如：glasstopped带有玻璃罩的Iwanttoownaglasstoppedtable我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。v8副词过去分词。如：socalled所谓的Idontlikethosesocalledsingers我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。v9副词副词。如：soso马马虎虎；不好不坏的MyEnglishisjustsoso我的英语很一般。v前缀例词派生词un-“不”happyunhappylikeunlikeusualunusualfriendlyunfriendlyim-“不”possibleimpossiblev后缀例词派生词-er“人”teacher/player/cleanerdrivedriver（以e结尾，-r）runrunner（重读闭音节，双写-er)winwinnertraveltraveller-or“人”inventinventorvisitvisitorv-ly（副词后缀）badbadlyquickquicklycarefulcarefullyhappyhappilydeepdeeplyluckyluckilyusualusuallynoisynoisilyslowslowlyangryangrilystrongstronglyquietquietlyv特例：true-trulyterrible-terriblypossible-possiblyv-ful（形容词后缀）carecarefulhelphelpfuluseusefulforgetforgetfulv-y（形容词后缀）rainrainyluckluckycloudcloudynoisenoisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）snowsnowysunsunny（双写，加-y）windwindyv-ion（名词后缀）inventinventionoperateoperationv-ness（名词后缀）busybusinessgoodgoodness一些特例：v动词形容词/现在分词转化为名词sleepasleepboatboatingdiedeadbuildbuildingenjoyenjoyablebeginbeginningcrosscrossingv名词形容词meetmeetingfriendfriendlyturnturningsouthsouthernshopshoppingwoolwoolendangerdangerousv过去分词转为形容词differencedifferentfryfriedworryworriedv动词名词breakbrokenknowknowledgeloselostflyflightpleasepleasedpleasepleasurecolorcoloredv名词名词动词/现在分词、过去分词转为形容词farmfarmer农夫followfollowinginterestinterested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于beinterestedindevelopinteresting“有趣的”可作表语和定语developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”练习题v1、Lucycanwritealetter_Japanesethoughshehaslearneditonlyafewmonths.A.fromB.toC.inD.withv2、TheywillhaveanEnglishtest_twodays.A.forB.atC.inD.afterv3、WuDongwasborn_theeveningofApril2,1975.A.atB.inC.onD.tov4、Ihaventheard_her_shelefthome.A.from,sinceB.from,afterC.of,whenD.of,asv5、Tomdidntknow_JackwouldleaveforBeijingtomorrow.A.howB.weatherC.whetherD.whatv6、Hisparentswere_(happy)becausehehadfailedtheexamagain.v7、Mrs.Greenlikedtostay_(safe)atthesameplace.v8、The_(visit)fromFrancearegoingtovisitourschoolthisafternoon.思考题v1、Thefarmerwas_tired_hecouldntfallasleep.A.verytoB.tootoC.sothatD.neithernorv2、Workhard,_youwontcatchupwiththeothers.A.butB.andC.ifD.orv3、Thegameisvery_andshes_init.A.interesting,interestingB.interested,interestedC.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested根据所给语境和首字母写出单词的正确形式根据所给语境和首字母写出单词的正确形式v56.Makeatelephonecalltoyourparentsassoonasyougetthere,astheyarec_aboutyoursafety.v57.BoththeWorldTradeOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsarei_organizations.v58.Afterstudyingatschoolformorethantwomonths,wearequitef_withourschoolandteachers.v59.Sometimessomenaturald_suchasfloodsandsandstormswillnothappenifpeopleprotecttheenvironment.v60.NelsonMandelaamodernh_foughtfortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonfor30years.v61.WhenIwasachild,Is_aroomwithmysister.NowIhavearoomofmyown.v62.F_,they realized that the whole thing was a joke.v63.He will never change his m_ once he decides to do something.v64.Dont j_ a person by what he looks like or how much money he has.v65.My brother advice on making friends is wonderful,and I will a_ it.vHe is so s_ that no one can persuade him to go there.vThe city will open a new park to h_ those who died in the disaster.vI want to make friends with someone who can s_ happiness and sorrows with me.vHe looks old,but a_ he is twenty-nine years old.vIn fact,Mandela didnt like v_.He first broke the law in a peaceful way.vLots of houses were d_ in the earthquake and many people became homeless.根据下列句子及所给的首字母或中文，在空白处填上各单词的正确形式v61.We should remember forever those h_ who died for peoples liberation(解放).v62.The terrible flood d_ the farmers fields and houses last years,so many of them were homeless.v63.You must seize this good _（机会)to study further in the famous university.v64.The teacher suggested that we should learn from the past,e_ the present and hope for the future.v65.His son is an a_ young man,not afraid of danger.v66.My cousin and I always _(交换)Christmas cards and gifts every year.v67.The e_ on his face shows that he lost the game.v68.The Red Cross is an international o_ which cares for people in need of help.v69.Hand in hand with reading,he had d_ the habit of making notes.v70.Officers cannot work properly without certain important pieces of _(设备).v71.They became good friends after the_(误解)were cleared upv72.John got _ to Jane in 1999 after they had been in love for 3 years.(定婚)v73.The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly _ my memory.(铭刻)v74.Coffee or milk?Which is your p_?v75.He r_ what he said,if he had not said so,he would feel better now.v76.The ability to give clear_(解释)is the most important quality of the ideal teacher.v77.I would _it very much if you would help me with it.(感激)v76.You are not o_ at all.Its not mercenary to take the weight-loss pills.v77.F_ is the mother of success.v78.The post arrive r_ at eight every morning.v79.They were s_ to be here at 5oclock,but they have not turned up.v80.We should i_ you of the date of the delegations arrival.v81.He attended the meeting and _(坚决要求)that we should take immediate action to put this right.v82.This work calls for an _(经验)person.v83.Two dogs were _(打架)over a bone.v84.China is still a _(发展)country.v85.I beg your pardon.he said with some _(尴尬).v76.Itwasmypleasuretobei_tothegreatsingeratthedinnerparty.v77.-Peter,someofmymoneyisg_.-Youshouldbemorecareful.v78.LiBai,DufuandBaiJuyiwerethreeofthemostfamousp_inthehistoryofChineseliterature.v79.-Whobrokethecup?-Itsmyf_.Idroppedit.v80.Dontw_somuchtimearguingaboutuselessthings.v81.Whatyousaidreally_(使吃惊)us.v82.Theonly_(解释)forhisbehavioristhatheismad.v83.Althoughthefightingwasgoingon,Dr.Bethune_(继续)hisoperationasiftherewasnodangeratall.v84.Ourmathteacherisateacherofmuch_(经验).Hehasbeenteachingforthirtyyears.v85.Theyhavesoldtheirhouseandcarin_(准备)forleavingthecountry.v94.Hisfatherisveryshort，whichheoftenfeels（羞耻的）of。v95.Everywomanwantsaslim_（体型）。v96.Thepolicemanfollowedthepersonwhose_(行为)wassostrangeforawhileandthencaughthim.v97.Ihadbettersayafewwordsbywayof_(解释)v98.Childrenaref_tosmoke.v99.Allthestudentsaremakingp_forthewordtest.v100.Martin：Whatmadeyoufeelsoejustnow？Kevin：Callingourheadmastersnameswithoutknowinghewasstandingbehindme。v101.Thereisonlyasmallaoffood。v102.Afterg_fromuniversity,hewenttoChinatostudymusic.v103.Hea_tomeforsteppingonmyfoot.根据下列各句句意及所给的汉语注释，写出所缺单词的正确形式。根据下列各句句意及所给的汉语注释，写出所缺单词的正确形式。v66.The_(生活方式)ofthetwinbrothersarequitedifferentfromeachother.v67.Thestudents_(抱怨)thattheydidnthaveenoughsleep.v68.Itisnotgoodforyourhealthtoliveatoo_(有压力的)lifealldaylong.v69.Thisbuildingwas_(设计)byaveryfamousFrenchman.v70.Theweather_(预报)saysthatweshallhaveaheavyrainthisafternoon.v71.Everyoneis_(平等的)inourcountrynomatterhowrichorpooryouare.v72.Agreat_(灾难)happenedtothefamilylastyear.v73.Inmy_(观点),itwasfoolishofhimtocommitsuicide.v74.Itisour_(传统的)customtocelebratetheSpringFestival.根据A句，写出B 句，使AB两句意思相同v71.A:The farmer sat under the tall tree.They talked and laughed happily together.B.The farmer sat under the tall tree,_ _ _ happily together.v72.A:Mr.He is always so busy that he has no time for his friends.B:Mr.He is always _ busy _ _ time for his friends.v73.A:He was a clever boy.He worked out the riddle without any trouble.B:He was a clever boy _ had _ _ in working out the riddle.v74.A:There will be many people at the theater,so we will go there early so that we can get good seats.B:With many people at the theater,we will go there _ _ _ get good seats.v75.A:Sarahs friends asked her if she was going to mail the gifts to her parents.B:“_ _ going to mail the gifts to _ parents?”Sarahs friends asked her.v84.This country won its _(独立)in 1946v85._(书面)English is much more difficult to learn than spoken English.v86.Did you hear the _(登机)calls just now?v87.Eco-travel,on the other hand,is a way to travel _(责任)v88.This is really an _(难忘的)holiday.v89.Can you tell me the correct _(目的地)of the plane over there?v90.I hope you cab finish the work before the _(期限).v91.They were talking about means of _(运输)in China.v92.When was his first book _(出版)?v93.The 2008 Olympics will be _(主办)by our China.v94.The lion s_ to its feet and rushed to the man.v95.Oliver was unable to give police a _（描述）of his attacker.v96.You will be better accepted if you can speak more_（自然地）in public.v97.The little girl got _（分开）from the group in the dark.v98.The two friends _（分享）all that they had when they were studying abroad.完成句子v91.我盼望今年暑假见到你。Im _ _ _ _ you this summer vacation.v92.总是节食对身体是有害的。Always going _ _ is harmful to our body.v93.事实上，睡得少并不有助于减肥。_ a _ _ _,less sleep do not help you to lose weight.v91.他对我来说不仅仅是个朋友。He is _.v92.你应该对你所做的事情负责。You are _ for what you said.v93.你打算怎样处理你在图书馆捡到的钱包？What _ the purse you found in the library?v94.我们不想对年轻人太苛刻。We dont want to _.v95.下周我将负责整个工厂。Iwill_thewholecompanynextweek.v71.海伦在美国出生但在伦敦长大，她妹妹也一样。HelenwasborninAmericabutgrewupinLondon,_hersister.v72.漂流很刺激，但另一方面，漂流也很危险。Raftingisfullofexcitement,but_,itisverydangerousattimes.v73.我正要洗澡这时有人敲门。Iwas_bathe_someoneknocked_thedoor.v74.我们应该全心全意为人民服务。Weshould_thepeople_.v75.为了赶上6点的火车，我们起得很早。_thesixoclocktrain,wegotupveryearly.用下列所给短语的适当形式填空getalongwith,evenif,givein,atanend,putinprison,playanimportantroleinv1.Helenwas_forstealingacarlastyear.v2.Theseforeignerscanunderstandeachother_theydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.v3.Howareyou_yourEnglishstudy?Quitewell.v4.TheUN_theinternationalrelations.v5.Thechildwascrying.Themother_andboughtatoyforhim.v6.TheSecondWorldWarwas_in1945.depend on get involved with switch over judgeby separatefrom go off take up operate on react to apply for protectfrom fight for(其中有多余选项）其中有多余选项）v76.I dont like the program.Please _ to Channel 5.v77.The alarm clock suddenly _ and he jumped out of his bed at once.v78.Those old books _ too much room,but I dont know what to do with them.v79.He organized protests many times to _ equal rights for the black people.v80.We shouldnt _ others _ what they wear.v81.Many people _ the preparation for the coming competition.v82.You should remember to _ your DC player _ sunlight and rainwater.v83.How did the patient _ this kind of medicine?v84.Whether he will come or not _ the weather tomorrow morning.v85.She _ a job with the local newspaper yesterday.动词填空v86.Hesuggestedthatwe_(leave)atonce.v87.Alotofpeoplegotburntinthebigfire,_(include)thetwopoorgirls.v88._(improve)hisEnglish,WangLingworksmuchharder.v89.He_(finish)learningadvancedmathbythetimehewas14yearsold.v90.Ihavegotapaininmyeyesrecently.YesterdayIwenttohospitalandhadmyeyes_(test)根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空vIusuallygetupatfouroclockeverymorningwhenits36dark.Iliveand37onthefarmsoIdontneedtotravel.38abigbreakfastinmyhouse,Iwalkout39thefrontdoorandImalreadyatwork.vThereare40thingstodoonthefarmallday.Wedonthavethe41workhoursthatofficeworkersinthecityhave.Wedojobswhentheyneedtobedoneandthatcouldbeearlyinthemorning42lateatnight.Ihavecows,sheep,pigsandchickensonmyfarm.Ihavetomakesuretheyarefreeof43(sick).Ialsogrowwheatandvegetablessotherearemanythingsto44after.vIlovemovies.Mywifecallsmea“moviefan”.Butthereisnta45inmyvillagesoIdontgetthechancetogoveryoften.vOnthefirstday,allstudentswenttoattend_.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.Wesoonbecamebestfriends.During_,theheadmastertoldusaboutthe_oftheschool.Healsotoldusthatthevbestwayto_respectfromtheschoolwastoworkhardandachievehigh_.ThissoundedlikemyschoolinChina.vIhadmanyteachersinthepastyearandtheyeachtaughtmeonlyonesubject.Mr.Heywoodwasmyclassteacher.My_teacherwasMissBurke.Shewastheteacher_taughtusEnglishLiterature.Inourclass,therewere29students.Thisisaboutthe_sizeforBritishschools.Wehadtomovetodifferentclassroomsfordifferentclasses.Wealsohaddifferentstudentsinsomeclasses,so_wasdifficulttorememberallthefacesandnames.vIfoundthehomeworkwasnotasheavyaswhatIusedtogetinmyoldschool,butitwasabit_formeatfirstbecauseallthehomeworkwasinEnglish.IfeltluckyasallmyteacherswereveryfriendlyandIenjoyedallmysubjects.vT:Good afternoon,how can I help you?vP:Hi,I want to(76)b a room an